Perfil lipídico y ácido úrico en embarazadas hipertensas del Hospital Madariaga, Posadas, Misiones / Lipid profile and uric acid in hypertensive pregnant women in Madariaga Hospital, Posadas, Misiones

RESUMEN

Se evaluaron el perfil lipídico y el ácido úrico en embarazadas hipertensas que cursaban el tercer trimestre de gestación y que fueron atendidas de forma secuencial en el Servicio de Obstetricia del Hospital Madariaga (Posadas, Misiones), entre febrero y junio de 2009. Se estudiaron 31 embarazadas hipertensas y 58 embarazadas normotensas, ambos grupos con edades comprendidas entre 20-35 años e Índice de Masa Corporal entre 18,5 - 29,9 kg/m² antes de la gestación. Se registraron datos personales, ginecobstétricos y familiares. Se extrajo sangre venosa con 12 horas de ayuno para las determinaciones bioquímicas, las cuales fueron realizadas por métodos enzimáticos colorimétricos, con controles de calidad interno y externo. Las embarazadas hipertensas versus normotensas presentaron triglicéridos (261±238 vs 196,8±90,6 mg/dL, p=0,01), col-VLDL (49,07±23,75 vs 39,52±16,19 mg/dL, p=0,04), triglicéridos/col-HDL (5,45±4,1 vs 3,57±1,77, p=0,031), ácido úrico (40,57±10,49 vs 55,64±20,26 mg/L, p<0,001), no encontrándose diferencias significativas para colesterol total, col- HDL, col no HDL, col-LDL y col Total/Col-HDL. Por análisis multivariado, el ácido úrico, el col-VLDL y los antecedentes familiares de hipertensión (AFHTA), explican el 40% de la variación de la presión arterial sistólica. Se considera conveniente sugerir la inclusión del perfil lipídico y ácido úrico en la evaluación bioquímica de las gestantes hipertensas, determinaciones accesibles a laboratorios de baja complejidad y que contribuirían a la evaluación del daño endotelial transitorio producido por la hipertensión arterial.

ABSTRACT

The lipid profile and uric acid were evaluated in pregnant women who suffer high blood pressure in the first three-month period of pregnancy, treated sequentially in the Obstetric Service of Madariaga Hospital form February to June, 2009. Thirty-one hypertense pregnant women and fifty-eight pregnant women with normal blood pressure were studied. Both groups were between 20 and 35 years old and their body mass index was between 18.5-29.9 kg/m² before pregnancy. Personal, gynecological-obstetric and family data were recorded. Venous blood was extrated after 12 hours of fasting for biochemical determinations, which were analyzed through enzymatic colorimetric methods with internal and external quality controls. Hypertensive pregnant women versus pregnant women with normal blood pressure presented triglycerides (261±238 vs 196.8±90.6, p=0.01), VLDL-Chol (49.07± 23.75 vs 39.52± 16.19, p=0.04), triglycerides/HDL-Chol (5.45±4.1 vs 3.57±1.77, p=0.031), uric acid (40.57±10.49 vs 55.64±20.26, p<0.001) no important differences were found for total cholesterol, HDL-Chol, no-HDL-Chol, LDL-Chol and Chol/HDL-Chol. The systolic blood pressure correlated in a significant way with most of the lipid parameters and uric acid. On multivariate analysis, uric acid, VLDL-chol and FAHTA account for 40% of the variation in systolic blood pressure. The inclusion of the lipid profile and uric acid in hypertensive pregnant women's biochemical evaluation is suggested because they are accessible in low complexity laboratories and they would contribute to the evaluation of endothelium damage caused by transient high blood pressure.