CUSCO: An Unobtrusive Custom Secure Audio-Visual Recording System for Ambient Assisted Living.

The ubiquity of digital technology has facilitated detailed recording of human behaviour. Ambient technology has been used to capture behaviours in a broad range of applications ranging from healthcare and monitoring to assessment of cooperative work. However, existing systems often face challenges in terms of autonomy, usability, and privacy. This paper presents a portable, easy-to-use and privacy-preserving system for capturing behavioural signals unobtrusively in home or in office settings. The system focuses on the capture of audio, video, and depth imaging. It is based on a device built on a small-factor platform that incorporates ambient sensors which can be integrated with the audio and depth video hardware for multimodal behaviour tracking. The system can be accessed remotely and integrated into a network of sensors. Data are encrypted in real time to ensure safety and privacy. We illustrate uses of the device in two different settings, namely, a healthy-ageing IoT application, where the device is used in conjunction with a range of IoT sensors to monitor an older person's mental well-being at home, and a healthcare communication quality assessment application, where the device is used to capture a patient-clinician interaction for consultation quality appraisal. CUSCO can automatically detect active speakers, extract acoustic features, record video and depth streams, and recognise emotions and cognitive impairment with promising accuracy.

Kinrentius Wei, Dietrich & Webb, 2010 (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Deltocephalinae): description of two new species and taxonomic key to the genus.

Two new species of the South American genus Kinrentius are described and illustrated. Kinrentius catuaba sp. nov. from Brazil (Acre, Amazonas and Rondnia states) can be distinguished by the male pygofer with multidentate anteroventral and posteroventral processes with short dentiform processes between them and aedeagus with dorsal projection forming a distinct process and apex with paired apical processes, each subrectangular, with apical margin irregularly serrated in caudal view. Kinrentius peruvianus sp. nov. from Peru (Cusco and Madre de Dios departments) has short male pygofer posteroventral processes and aedeagus more robust and parallel sided in dorsal view, with paired apical processes, each subquadrate, with apical portion weekly sclerotized, and apical margin approximately straight and slightly serrate in caudal view. A taxonomic key to males and a distribution map of all four species of the genus are provided.

Two new species of Dasybasis Macquart from the Peruvian Andes of Cusco (Diptera: Tabanidae: Diachlorini).

Two new horse fly species, Dasybasis mancoi sp. nov. and D. huaynai sp. nov. (Diptera: Tabanidae: Diachlorini), are described from the Peruvian Andes near Cusco on the basis of morphological features, including those of the female genitalia. Digital photographs of both species and of the terminalia of both females and of one male are provided. The two new species are related to D. bulbula Coscarn & Philip, as evidenced by their similar morphological characteristics.

Demographic Characteristics and Low Iron Status Markers Are Associated with Hemoglobin Levels and Anemia among Children Living at High Elevation in Cusco, Peru.

Anemia is a complex condition associated with diet, chronic infections, and blood loss. Children living at high altitudes have higher absolute hemoglobin levels due to hypoxemia. However, they are exposed to repeated infections and dietary limitations. We conducted a cross-sectional study to identify factors affecting the hemoglobin concentration in children living in high-altitude rural communities in the Anta province of Peru. All children 3-16 years of age attending public schools were invited to participate. We enrolled children 3-16 years old in schools and visited their homes to collect demographic, socioeconomic, medical history, and anthropometric data. Children provided blood and stool samples for complete blood counts, iron status markers, and helminth infection testing. Among the 2,000 children enrolled, the mean age was 9.9 (±3.4) years, 1,004 (50.2%) were female, and the median residence altitude was 3,398 (interquartile range 3,35-3,497) meters. The mean hemoglobin level was 15 (±1.15) mg/dL; 320 (16%) had anemia as defined by WHO. Children with anemia were more likely to have lower serum iron levels (odds ratio [OR] 2.8 [95% CI 2.2-3.6], P <0.001) and serum transferrin saturation (OR 2.8 [95% CI 2-3.9], P <0.001). Younger age (OR 0.85 [95% CI 0.82-0.89], P <0.001), stunting (OR 0.68 [95% CI 0.59-0.79], P <0.001), education of the mother (OR 0.94 [95% CI 0.91-0.98], P <0.005), and low eosinophils (OR 0.49 [95% CI 0.26-0.9], P = 0.022) were associated with anemia. Helminth infections were not associated with anemia. Anemia among children at high altitude is multifactorial, but iron deficiency is a contributing factor. Further studies are needed to evaluate iron status and anemia in children living at high altitudes.

Differences in SARS-COV-2 seroprevalence in the population of Cusco, Peru.

Background: The spread of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Peru has been reported at the regional level, few studies have evaluated its spread at the provincial level, in which the mechanisms could be different. Methods: We conducted an analytical, cross-sectional, multistage observational population study to assess the seroprevalence of SARS-COV-2 at the provincial and urban/rural levels in a high-altitude setting. The sampling unit was the household, including a randomly selected family member. Sampling was performed using a data collection sheet on clinical and epidemiological variables. Chemiluminescence tests were used to detect total anti-SARS-COV-2 antibodies (IgG and IgM simultaneously). The percentages were adjusted to the sampling design. Results: The overall prevalence in the region of Cusco was 25.9%, with considerably different prevalence between the 13 provinces (from 15.9% in Acomayo to 40.1% in Canchis) and between rural (21.1%) and urban (31.7%) areas. In multivariable model, living in a rural area was a protective factor (adjusted prevalence ratio [aPR], 0.68; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.61-0.76). Conclusions: Geographic diversity and population density determine different prevalence rates, typically lower in rural areas, possibly due to natural social distancing or limited interaction with people at risk.

Reduction of the concentration of particulate material at a sampling point in Cusco city at the beginning of the pandemic.

The pandemic produced by SARS-CoV-2 generated various impacts on public health, the environment and other anthropogenic activities. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the reduction of air pollution due to [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] particulate matter in Cusco city at the beginning of the pandemic. Social confinement in Peru began on March 16, 2020, until the end of June. These health measures caused strict isolation that resulted in a significant decrease in vehicle flow on the streets and avenues of the city of Cusco. In the first days of May, even during the time of confinement, we managed to measure air quality at a sampling point located on the campus of the Universidad Nacional de San Antonio Abad de Cusco; a reduction in air pollution due to particulate matter was observed. The evaluation was carried out using an high-volume (HiVol) 3000 particulate matter sampler and the mass of particulate matter adhered to the filters was determined by gravimetry. The concentrations of particulate matter [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] obtained pre-pandemic were compared with those recorded at the beginning of the pandemic. The results revealed a significant average reduction in the concentration of [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text], reaching - 57.43% and - 59.52%, respectively, compared to pre-pandemic values. At the same time, its relationship with meteorological parameters and Google mobility data was evaluated and it was concluded that these parameters did not significantly affect the reduction of particulate matter. This study reveals the positive effects of the pandemic in reducing air pollution and the confinement measures had as a secondary effect on the decrease in air pollution in Cusco City.

Inteligencia emocional y calidad de vida en pacientes con insuficiencia renal crónica en hemodiálisis de un hospital de la ciudad del Cusco

Contexto: la investigación busca determinar la relación entre la inteligencia emocional y la calidad de vida en pacientes con insuficiencia renal crónica que reciben tratamiento de hemodiálisis de un hospital de la ciudad del Cusco, considerando el riesgo de la enfermedad para el logro de una mejor vida y los recursos existentes en la psicología de la salud. Metodología: el estudio se ubica en un nivel básico con un alcance correlacional y un diseño no experimental-transversal. Se incluyeron 96 pacientes diagnosticados con insuficiencia renal crónica que asistían a hemodiálisis y que fueron evaluados con el inventario emocional BarOn y el cuestionario KDQOL SF-36 para la calidad de vida. Los datos de identificación de los pacientes fueron obtenidos de las fichas de registro utilizadas, previo consentimiento informado de los evaluados. Posteriormente, para el análisis de datos descriptivos e inferenciales, se emplearon frecuencias y porcentajes; además de estadísticos de asociación, como el tau-b de Kendall, chi cuadrado y d de Somers. Resultados: la relación para inteligencia emocional y calidad de vida muestra un valor de p < 0,05, mediante la prueba de chi cuadrado; el estadístico tau-b de Kendall = 0,340 explica la dirección positiva de la relación e intensidad moderada de la asociación; el estadístico d de Somers = 0,339 ratifica que la inteligencia emocional en general mejora la calidad de vida de los pacientes en una intensidad media. También, se halló una relación significativa para cada una de las dimensiones de la inteligencia emocional con la calidad de vida. Conclusiones: existe relación directa entre inteligencia emocional y calidad de vida en pacientes con insuficiencia renal crónica en hemodiálisis.

Background: The research seeks to determine the relationship between emotional intelligence and quality of life in patients with chronic renal failure who receive hemodialysis treatment at a hospital in the city of Cusco, considering the risk of the disease for achieving a better life and the existing resources in health psychology. Methods: The study is located at a basic level, following a correlational scope and a non-experimental - cross-sectional design. 96 patients diagnosed with chronic renal failure attending hemodialysis were included, who were evaluated with the BarOn Emotional Inventory and the KDQOL SF-36 questionnaire for quality of life. The identification data of the patients were obtained from the registration forms used, with the prior informed consent of those evaluated. Subsequently, for the analysis of descriptive and inferential data, frequencies and percentages were used, in addition to association statistics such as Kendall's Tau-b, Chi square and Somers' D. Results: The relationship for emotional intelligence and quality of life shows a value of p < 0.05, using the Chi-square test, the Kendall Tau-b statistic = 0.340, explains the positive direction of the relationship and moderate intensity of the association. , Somers' D statistic=0.339 confirms that emotional intelligence in general improves the quality of life of patients at a medium intensity. A significant relationship was also found for each of the dimensions of emotional intelligence with quality of life. Conclusions: There is a direct relationship between emotional intelligence and quality of life in patients with chronic renal failure on hemodialysis.

Depresión en usuarios de la Red AMACHAY del distrito Wanchaq en la Región Cusco / Depression in users of the AMACHAY Network of the Wanchaq district in the Cusco Region / Depressão em usuários da Rede AMACHAY do distrito de Wanchaq na Região de Cusco

En Perú existe un incremento de la población adulta con un aumento de 5,7% en 1950 a 13,3% en el 2022, donde el síntoma más frecuente en esta población es la depresión que según ENDES. Objetivo. Determinar el nivel de depresión en usuarios de la red de soporte para la persona adulta mayor con alto riesgo (PAMAR) y la Persona con Discapacidad Severa (PcDs)-Red Amachay del distrito de Wanchaq en la región de Cuzco, Perú-2022. Materiales y Métodos. Estudio descriptivo transversal analítico. Se aplicó la escala de Depresión Geriátrica (GDA) a 70 usuarios empadronados por el Ministerio de Desarrollo e Inclusión Social (MIDIS) remitido a los gobiernos locales en el marco del Decreto de Urgencias N° 026-2020 y el Decreto Supremo N° 005-2020 con el objetivo de prevenir y mitigar los efectos por la infección del COVID-19 y la contención de nuevos casos. Se aplicó una estadística descriptiva basada en el cálculo de frecuencias, porcentajes, dispersión y medidas de tendencia central. Resultados. El promedio de edad fue de 71 años. El 15.4% (11) presentó depresión severa; el 53.5% (38) depresión moderada, el 12.6% (9) depresión leve y el 18.3% (13) no presentaron depresión. Del grupo de severos, el 73% fueron de sexo masculino, el 76.3% de los moderados fueron de sexo masculino, el 56% de los leves fueron de sexo masculino y el 54% con ausencia de depresión, fueron del sexo femenino. Del grupo total de evaluados el 47% presenta comorbilidades, diagnóstico de artrosis, 21% de hipertensos y 16% de diabéticos. Conclusiones. Existe una baja depresión de este grupo de usuarios adultos mayores. Las mujeres no presentan depresión, la mayoría de AM presenta artrosis.

In Peru there is an increase in the adult population with an increase from 5.7% in 1950 to 13.3% in 2022, where the most frequent symptom in this population is depression according to ENDES. Objective. To determine the level of depression in users of the support network for the elderly person at high risk (PAMAR) and the Person with Severe Disability (PcDs)-Amachay Network of the district of Wanchaq in the region of Cuzco, Peru-2022. Materials and Methods. Analytical cross-sectional descriptive study. The Geriatric Depression Scale (GDA) was applied to 70 users registered by the Ministry of Development and Social Inclusion (MIDIS) sent to local governments in the framework of Emergency Decree No. 026-2020 and Supreme Decree No. 005-2020 with the aim of preventing and mitigating the effects of COVID-19 infection and containing new cases. Descriptive statistics based on the calculation of frequencies, percentages, dispersion and measures of central tendency were applied. Results. The mean age was 71 years. 15.4% (11) presented severe depression; 53.5% (38) moderate depression, 12.6% (9) mild depression and 18.3% (13) did not present depression. Of the severe group, 73% were male, 76.3% of the moderate group were male, 56% of the mild group were male and 54% of the group with no depression were female. Of the total group of patients evaluated, 47% had comorbidities, diagnosed with osteoarthritis, 21% were hypertensive and 16% were diabetic. Conclusions. There is low depression in this group of elderly users. Women do not present depression, the majority of MA present osteoarthritis.

No Peru, há um aumento na população adulta com um aumento de 5,7% em 1950 para 13,3% em 2022, onde o sintoma mais frequente nessa população é a depressão, de acordo com o ENDES. Objetivo. Determinar o nível de depressão em usuários da rede de apoio à pessoa idosa de alto risco (PAMAR) e da Rede de Pessoas com Deficiência Grave (PcDs)-Amachay do distrito de Wanchaq na região de Cuzco, Peru-2022. Materiais e métodos. Estudo descritivo analítico de corte transversal. A Escala de Depressão Geriátrica (GDA) foi aplicada a 70 usuários registrados pelo Ministério do Desenvolvimento e Inclusão Social (MIDIS) enviados aos governos locais no âmbito do Decreto de Emergência nº 026-2020 e do Decreto Supremo nº 005-2020 com o objetivo de prevenir e mitigar os efeitos da infecção por COVID-19 e conter novos casos. Foram aplicadas estatísticas descritivas com base no cálculo de frequências, porcentagens, dispersão e medidas de tendência central. Resultados. A idade média foi de 71 anos. 15,4% (11) tinham depressão grave; 53,5% (38) tinham depressão moderada, 12,6% (9) tinham depressão leve e 18,3% (13) não tinham depressão. Do grupo grave, 73% eram do sexo masculino, 76,3% dos moderadamente deprimidos eram do sexo masculino, 56% dos levemente deprimidos eram do sexo masculino e 54% dos deprimidos eram do sexo feminino. Do grupo total avaliado, 47% tinham comorbidades, com diagnóstico de osteoartrite, 21% eram hipertensos e 16% diabéticos. Conclusões. Há baixa depressão nesse grupo de usuários idosos. As mulheres não apresentam depressão, e a maioria dos MA tem osteoartrite.

Evaluación a los procesos de vacunación en comunidades y localidades indígenas del Perú. Seguimiento a la vacunación contra el COVID-19 / Evaluation of vaccination processes in indigenous communities and localities of Peru. Monitoring of vaccination against COVID-19

La presente publicación contiene los resultados de la supervisión efectuada, en el último trimestre del 2022, a microrredes de salud de 11 departamentos (Amazonas, Cajamarca, Cusco, Huánuco, Junín, Loreto, Madre de Dios, San Martín, Pasco, Puno, y Ucayali) que atienden a pueblos indígenas, habiéndose efectuado visitas de campo a los departamentos de Loreto y Amazonas. Asimismo, la supervisión de las dificultades y retos de los procesos de vacunación en las comunidades e impulsar el cumplimiento de las obligaciones del Estado en estas zonas a fin de cautelar el derecho a la salud de la población. Los resultados de la supervisión permiten afirmar que los problemas estructurales de los servicios de salud en las comunidades y localidades indígenas persisten, y continúan generando una vulneración sistemática a sus derechos. Así, se advierten carencias presupuestales y logísticas, la falta de disponibilidad de personal de salud, de equipos médicos, medicamentos y la ausencia de servicios públicos básicos. A ello, se suma la necesidad de que el servicio cuente con pertinencia cultural y lingüística para el adecuado relacionamiento con la población y combatir la desconfianza hacia el Estado, los hallazgos, conclusiones y recomendaciones que se presentan en este documento, están orientados a que el Estado peruano agote los máximos esfuerzos para atender los desafíos identificados y adopte mejoras estructurales del servicio de salud, lo que permitirá mejorar los procesos de vacunación regular en la población indígena a nivel nacional, a partir de la experiencia vivida durante el proceso de vacunación contra el COVID-19 en las comunidades indígenas

¿Dios mío, por qué me has abandonado? Estrés, ansiedad, depresión y afrontamiento religioso en los estudiantes de Medicina / God, why have you forsaken me? Stress, anxiety, depression and religious-coping in medical students

Antecedentes: los estudiantes de Medicina presentan niveles elevados de estrés, ansiedad y depresión. El afrontamiento religioso es una vía para entender y enfrentarse a eventos negativos en la vida que están relacionados con lo sagrado. Existen diversos estudios de asociación entre el afrontamiento religioso y los niveles de estrés, ansiedad y depresión. El objetivo del estudio fue determinar la influencia del afrontamiento religioso sobre el estrés, ansiedad y depresión en los estudiantes de Medicina de la Universidad Andina del Cusco. Métodos: estudio transversal analítico, en 317 estudiantes de Medicina de la Universidad Andina del Cusco. Se utilizó la Escala de depresión, ansiedad y estrés (DASS-21) para medir los estados estresantes y la Escala abreviada de afrontamiento religioso (Brief RCOPE), para determinar niveles de afrontamiento religioso positivo y negativo. Para la expresión de los resultados se calcularon prevalencias y frecuencias, correlación de Spearman y chi cuadrado, valor de p y el IC al 95%. Se incluyó a todos los estudiantes de Medicina que dieron su consentimiento informado y que cursaron de manera regular el ciclo académico 2020-I. Resultados: el 51,5% fueron del sexo femenino. El promedio de edad fue de 21,31 años. El 66,2% obtuvieron puntajes de depresión-moderada, severa o extremadamente-severa, el 70,9% obtuvo puntajes de ansiedad-moderada, severa o extremadamente-severa y el 42,3% presentó estrés-moderado, severo o extremadamente-severo. El afrontamiento religioso negativo tuvo una relación positiva muy significativa con el estrés, ansiedad y depresión. Interpretación: el afrontamiento religioso negativo se asoció significativa (<0,001) y positivamente con el estrés (0,252), ansiedad (0,304) y depresión (0,357), con una potencia alta (>0,5). El estudio tiene implicaciones clínicas y de salud pública.(AU)

Background: Medical students present with elevated levels of stress, anxiety, and depression. Religious coping is an avenue for understanding and coping with negative life events that are related to the sacred. There are several studies of association between religious coping and levels of stress, anxiety and depression. The aim of the study was to determine the influence of religious coping on stress, anxiety and depression in medical students of the Universidad Andina del Cusco. Methods: Analytical cross-sectional study in 317 medical students of the Universidad Andina del Cusco. The Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale (DASS-21) was used to measure stressful states and the Abbreviated Religious Coping Scale (Brief RCOPE) to determine levels of positive and negative religious coping. For the expression of the results, prevalence and frequencies, Spearman's correlation and chi-square, p-value and 95% CI were calculated. All medical students who gave their informed consent and who regularly attended the 2020-I academic year were included. Results: Of the participants, 51.5% were female. Mean age was 21.31 years. The 66.2% obtained scores of depression-moderate, severe or extremely-severe, 70.9% obtained scores of anxiety-moderate, severe or extremely-severe and 42.3% presented stress-moderate, severe or extremely-severe. Negative religious coping had a highly significant positive relationship with stress, anxiety and depression. Interpretation: Negative religious coping was significantly (<0.001) and positively associated with stress (0.252), anxiety (0.304) and depression (0.357), with high power (>0.5). The study has clinical and public health implications.(AU)

Plan de salud integral y el fortalecimiento de servicios de salud con enfoque intercultural en ámbito de los pueblos indígenas u originarios para el año 2024 / Comprehensive health plan and the strengthening of health services with an intercultural approach in the area of ​​indigenous or native peoples for the year 2024

El documento contiene el plan para contribuir a mejorar la salud de los pueblos indígenas u originarios ante enfermedades prevalentes mediante el fortalecimiento de los servicios de salud con enfoque intercultural, en los departamentos de Loreto, San Martín, Madre de Dios, Ucayali, Amazonas, Cusco, Junín, Huánuco, Pasco, Cajamarca y Ayacucho.

Impact of oral onditions on Quality of Life in Peruvian Preschoolers in Rural and Urban Areas / Impacto de las alteraciones bucales en la calidad de vida de preescolares peruanos de zonas rurales y urbanas

Abstract The objective of this study is to determine the impact of oral conditions on the quality of life related to the oral health of preschool children in a rural and urban area of Cusco. The study was descriptive and cross-sectional, from a population of 179 preschoolers aged 3 to 5 years, from two public early childhood education institutions, and their respective parents or caregivers in the department of Cusco, Peru. We worked with the entire population that met the inclusion and exclusion criteria, seventy-four preschool children were selected for each area, deciding to have the same amount of children per group based on the smallest group. A clinical odonto-stomatological examination was carried out for oral conditions (dental caries, malocclusion, and dental trauma) according to the WHO's criteria and a survey that was used for sociodemographic characteristics. In addition, a validated Peruvian version of the ECOHIS questionnaire was used to obtain data on the impact on quality of life. All the variables of the total and individual scores of the ECOHIS domains were analyzed individually and the Kruskal-Wallis test was used to determine the association between variables. The oral conditions prevalence in preschool children in rural areas referring to dental caries was 100% (dmft index > 6), dental trauma 10.8%, and malocclusions 60.8%; for the urban area dental caries was 93.2% (dmft index > 6), dental trauma 9.5% and malocclusions 36.5%. Of the three oral conditions only the experience of dental caries was related to the OHRQOL of preschoolers in urban and rural areas.

Resumen El objetivo de este estudio es determinar el impacto de las alteraciones bucales en la calidad de vida relacionada con la salud bucal de niños preescolares de una zona rural y urbana de Cusco. El estudio fue descriptivo y transversal, de una población de 179 preescolares de 3 a 5 años de edad, de dos instituciones públicas de educación inicial, y sus respectivos padres o cuidadores en el departamento de Cusco, Perú. Se trabajó con toda la población que cumplió con los criterios de inclusión y exclusión, se seleccionaron setenta y cuatro niños preescolares por cada área, decidiendo tener la misma cantidad de niños por grupo en base al grupo más pequeño. Se realizó un examen clínico odonto-estomatológico para detectar alteraciones bucales (caries dental, maloclusión y trauma dental) según los criterios de la OMS y una encuesta que se utilizó para las características sociodemográficas. Además, se utilizó una versión peruana validada del cuestionario ECOHIS para obtener datos sobre el impacto en la calidad de vida. Todas las variables de los puntajes totales e individuales de los dominios ECOHIS fueron analizadas individualmente y se utilizó la prueba de Kruskal-Wallis para determinar la asociación entre variables. La prevalencia de alteraciones bucales en niños preescolares de zonas rurales referida a caries dental fue del 100% (índice dmft > 6), traumatismo dental 10,8% y maloclusiones 60,8%; para la zona urbana la caries dental fue del 93,2% (índice dmft > 6), el traumatismo dental 9,5% y las maloclusiones 36,5%. De las tres alteraciones bucales, sólo la experiencia de caries dental se relacionó con la OHRQOL de los preescolares de las zonas urbana y rural.

Emergency Presentation of Invasive Cervical Cancer in Late Pregnancy: A Case Report and Literature Review.

Antepartum hemorrhage (APH) often prompts consideration of the presence of obstetric disorders. Here, we describe a case with active APH in which invasive cervical cancer was the cause. A 41-year-old woman, fifth gravida, fourth para (G5, P4), presented to the emergency department at 38 weeks of gestation with an acute severe attack of vaginal bleeding, which occurred immediately after a per-vaginal examination at another local institute. Despite initial stabilization measures and investigations to exclude common causes of APH, a protruding cervical mass was discovered during a Cusco speculum examination. The patient underwent an emergent cesarean section (CS). Postoperatively, the patient was referred to the gynecological oncology unit for further evaluation and management. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) confirmed the presence of a large cervical mass. A punch biopsy revealed squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the cervix. All these confirmed the condition as cervical carcinoma stage IB3. This case and literature review highlight the obstacles that might delay the diagnosis of cervical cancer and the importance of continuing the screening program strategies even during pregnancy to avoid complications of invasive cervical cancer. In addition, bleeding due to cervical cancer should always be considered one of the important differential diagnoses of APH even in full-term pregnancy.

Patrones de actividad de mamíferos alrededor de la línea transportadora de gas natural de Camisea en la Reserva Comunal Machiguenga, Cusco, Perú

En el presente trabajo se estudia la actividad horaria de los mamíferos que habitan el área circundante a la línea transportadora de gas de Camisea que atraviesa la Reserva Comunal Machiguenga. Desde febrero del 2020 hasta enero del 2021, se realizó un registro fotográfico mediante cámaras trampa dispuestas a lo largo de la tubería de gas. Los patrones de actividad se estimaron mediante la función de densidad de Kernel. Durante el periodo de estudio, se registraron 25 especies de mamíferos. Se encontró que Dasyprocta kalinowskii y Eira barbara presentan un patrón de actividad diurno; mientras que Cuniculus paca, Tapirus terrestris, Dasypus spp. y Mazama spp. presentan un patrón predominantemente nocturno. Se sugiere que los patrones de actividad observados estarían influenciados por varios factores como la exclusión competitiva entre D. kalinowskii y C. paca, disponibilidad estacional del alimento para T. terrestris, variación de temperatura y precipitación para Dasypus spp., restricciones filogenéticas en Mazama spp., y segregación temporal con otros carnívoros para E. barbara. Se destaca la importancia de la colaboración entre las empresas del rubro energético, las comunidades nativas y las organizaciones gubernamentales.

The present study investigates the hourly activity patterns of mammals inhabiting the area surrounding the Camisea gas pipeline that crosses the Machiguenga Communal Reserve. From February 2020 to January 2021, a photographic record was conducted using camera traps placed along the gas pipeline. Activity patterns were estimated using Kernel density functions. During the study period, 25 mammal species were recorded. It was found that Dasyprocta kalinowskii and Eira barbara exhibit a diurnal activity pattern, whereas Cuniculus paca, Tapirus terrestris, Dasypus spp., and Mazama spp. display predominantly nocturnal behavior. It is suggested that observed activity patterns could be influenced by various factors such as competitive exclusion between D. kalinowskii and C. paca, seasonal food availability for T. terrestris, temperature and precipitation variations for Dasypus spp., phylogenetic constraints in Mazama spp., and temporal segregation with other carnivores for E. barbara. The significance of collaboration between energy industry companies, native communities, and governmental organizations is emphasized.

Potenciales evocados auditivos de tronco en neonatos nacidos a gran altitud / Brainstem auditory evoked potentials in newborn infants born in a high-altitude area

Introducción. Una forma no invasiva y segura de evaluar los parámetros neurofisiológicos en recién nacidos es la evaluación de los potenciales evocados auditivos del tronco encefálico (PEAT). Objetivo. Evaluar las latencias e intervalos de ondas de los PEAT en neonatos sanos nacidos a gran altitud (Cusco, 3399 msnm). Población y métodos. Estudio transversal y prospectivo. Se incluyeron neonatos menores a 14 días de vida, dados de alta a menos de 7 días de nacidos, evaluados para determinar los valores de los PEAT a intensidades sonoras de 70 dB, 80 dB y 90 dB. Se incluyeron las variables edad gestacional, peso al nacer, tipo de parto. Se calcularon las diferencias de las medianas de las latencias e intervalos de las ondas según edad gestacional y peso al nacer. Resultados. Se evaluaron 96 neonatos (17 pretérminos). Las medianas de las latencias de las ondas I a V a 90 dB fueron las siguientes: onda I 1,56 ms; onda II 2,74 ms; onda III 4,37 ms; onda IV 5,62 ms, onda V 6,63 ms. La latencia de la onda I para 80 dB fue de 1,71 ms y para 70 dB de 1,88 ms. Los intervalos para las ondas (I-III), (III-V) y (I-V) fueron de 2,8 ms, 2,2 ms y 5,0 ms respectivamente, sin diferencias entre intensidades (p >0,05). La prematuridad y el bajo peso estuvieron asociados a latencias de la onda I más prolongadas (p <0,05). Conclusiones. Se presentan valores ajustados de latencias e intervalos de los PEAT en neonatos nacidos a gran altitud. Se identificó que, a distintas intensidades sonoras, se ven diferencias en las latencias de las ondas, pero no en los intervalos entre ondas.

Introduction. A non-invasive and safe way to assess neurophysiological parameters in newborn infants is the evaluation of brainstem auditory evoked potentials (BAEPs). Objective. To assess the latencies and wave intervals of BAEPs in healthy newborn infants born in a high-altitude area (Cusco, 3399 MASL). Population and methods. Cross-sectional and prospective study. Newborn infants younger than 14 days of age, discharged less than 7 days after birth, were assessed to determine BAEP values at intensities of 70 dB, 80 dB, and 90 dB. The study variables were gestational age, birth weight, and type of delivery. The median differences in wave latencies and intervals were estimated according to gestational age and birth weight. Results. A total of 96 newborn infants (17 preterm infants) were assessed. The median latencies of waves I­V at 90 dB were for wave I: 1.56 ms, wave II: 2,74 ms, wave III: 4.37 ms, wave IV: 5.62 ms, and wave V: 6.63 ms. The latency of wave I for 80 dB was 1.71 ms and for 70 dB, 1.88 ms. Wave intervals (I­III, III­V, I­V) were 2.8 ms, 2.2 ms, and 5.0 ms, respectively, without differences among intensities (p > 0.05). Prematurity and low birth weight were associated with a longer wave I latency (p < 0.05). Conclusions. Here we describe adjusted BAEP latency and interval values for newborn infants born at high altitude. At different sound intensities, we identified differences in wave latencies, but not in interwave intervals.

Documento técnico: Plan para el fortalecimiento del proceso de abordaje integral de la población expuesta a metales pesados y metaloides, en la provincia de Espinar, Región Cusco 2023-2024 / Technical document: Plan to strengthen the process of comprehensive approach to the population exposed to heavy metals and metalloids, in the province of Espinar, Cusco Region 2023-2024

El documento contiene las acciones para brindar soporte técnico a la GERESA Cusco para el abordaje integral en salud a la población expuesta a metales pesados y metaloides en la Provincia de Espinar, con enfoque intercultural de género y derechos humanos.

Probabilistic Risk Characterization of Heavy Metals in Peruvian Coffee: Implications of Variety, Region and Processing.

Heavy metals are chemical contaminants, toxic, potentially carcinogenic and/or mutagenic, stable, persistent and are of concern in the food chain. The risk to the consumer of the presence of inorganic arsenic (iAs), cadmium (Cd), chromium (Cr), mercury (Hg) and lead (Pb) in five varieties (Bourbon, Típica, Catimor, Caturra and Pache) of parchment coffee from five regions (Amazonas, Cajamarca, Cusco, Huánuco and San Martín) was investigated in this study. A predictive model of the stages of coffee bean hulling, roasting and infusion was built to simulate the process. The results by region showed significant differences in which San Martín had the highest iAs, Cr and Pb values. The variety was only significant for Cr, of which Pache presented the highest concentration. The Cd and Hg values were below the detection limits. The hazard index (HI) was less than 1 for iAs, Cd, Cr and Hg and the combination of margin of exposure and the probability of exceedance (MOE-POE) for Pb indicated that an adverse health effect was not likely. The cancer risk (CR) for iAs and Pb in the 95th percentile was considered as both high and acceptable, respectively.

Radiodensidad de la arteria cerebral media y su correlación con el nivel de hemoglobina en pacientes con y sin infarto cerebral residentes a gran altitud

Introducción. El signo de la arteria cerebral media (ACM) hiperdensa evaluada por tomografía simple permite predecir la enfermedad vascular cerebral isquémica (EVCi) con oclusión de un gran vaso, sin embargo, es frecuente identificar este signo en pobladores con niveles altos de hemoglobina sin clínica de EVCi. Objetivos. Evaluar la correlación entre la radiodensidad de la ACM y el nivel de hemoglobina en pacientes con y sin EVCi, residentes en una ciudad a gran altitud. Métodos. Estudio observacional analítico, se incluyeron personas residentes de Cusco (ubicada a 3300 msnm) que acudían al servicio de emergencia y se les realizó una tomografía cerebral, presentando o no clínica de EVCi. Se realizó la medición de la radiodensidad de la ACM y se correlacionó con el nivel de hemoglobina. Resultados. Se incluyeron 279 pacientes, el promedio de hemoglobina fue de 15,1 mg/dL y desviación estándar (DE) de 2,5 mg/dL, en los controles se identificó una correlación significativa (r = 0,425, p<0,01) entre la radiodensidad de la ACM con el nivel de hemoglobina. En los casos con EVCi derechos, la radiodensidad de la ACM derecha fue de 46,9 (DE = 7,7 UH) y de la izquierda fue de 46,1 (DE = 6,6 UH), sin que existan diferencias estadísticas (p = 0,24). Tampoco se encontró diferencias en los casos con EVCi izquierdos. Conclusión. Sí existe una correlación entre la radiodensidad de la ACM con el nivel de hemoglobina en los pobladores que viven a gran altitud, sin embargo, no se logró demostrar diferencias significativas entre la radiodensidad entre las ACM afectada y la contralateral en los casos de un EVCi.

Introduction. The sign of the hyperdense middle cerebral artery (MCA) evaluated by simple tomography allows predicting ischemic cerebrovascular disease (ICD) with occlusion of a large vessel, however, it is common to identify this sign in residents with high hemoglobin levels without symptoms of ICD. Objectives. To evaluate the correlation between the radiodensity of the MCA and the hemoglobin level in patients with and without ICD, residing in a high-altitude city. Methods. Analytical observational study, including people residing in Cusco (located at 3300 masl) who attended the emergency service and underwent a brain tomography, presenting or not ICD symptoms. ACM radiodensity was measured and correlated with the hemoglobin level. Results. 279 patients were included, the average hemoglobin was 15.1 and standard deviation (DE) of 2.5 mg/dL, in the controls a significant correlation was identified (r = 0.425, p<0.01) between the radiodensity of the MCA with the hemoglobin level. In the cases with right ICD, the radiodensity of the right MCA was 46.9 (DE = 7.7 HU) and of the left it was 46.1 (DE = 6.6 HU), with no statistical differences (p=0 ,24). No differences were found in the cases with left ICD either. Conclusion. There is a correlation between the radiodensity of the MCA with the hemoglobin level in the inhabitants who live at high altitudes, however, it is not possible to demonstrate significant differences between the radiodensity between the affected MCA and the contralateral one in the cases of an ICD.

Rabies in chozna 'Potus flavus': a warning of a potential threat to public and animal health.

We reported an outbreak of wild rabies in Potus flavus (choznas), a carnivorous mammal associated with insectivorous bats in Kosñipata, Cusco, Peru, from February 2021 to October 2022. Eight human exposures were reported, with aggressive attacks resulting in injuries. The outbreak prompted a public health response and raised concerns about zoonotic diseases due to habitat fragmentation and urbanization. The study involved antigenic and genetic characterization of the virus in the affected animals, revealing similarities with variants in non-hematophagous bats. This outbreak marked the first time rabies had been reported in choznas in the region, highlighting the need for early intervention programs and wildlife protection. Pre-exposure rabies vaccinations were administered to residents, and community surveillance was established to control the outbreak. The study emphasizes the importance of continuous surveillance and education to prevent rabies transmission from choznas to humans and other animals, as their role as potential secondary transmitters of the virus warrants further investigation.