Diseño y validación de un manual psicoeducativo sobre la colocación de catéter puerto en mujeres con cáncer de mama / Design and validation of a psychoeducational manual on port catheter placement in women with breast cancer

Introducción: Los abordajes educativos son intervenciones recomendadas para atender las necesidades informativas y emocionales de los pacientes con cáncer de mama. Entre ellos se encuentran los materiales psicoeducativos, que idealmente deben de estar desarrollados con base en la evidencia, para favorecer la alfabetización en salud; sin embargo, esto es poco común. Objetivo: Diseñar y validar el contenido de un manual psicoeducativo sobre la colocación del catéter puerto en mujeres con cáncer de mama, así como analizar su nivel de legibilidad. Método: se llevó a cabo una investigación prospectiva y transversal-descriptiva, a través de un diseño de tipo no experimental. Para la evaluación del manual, se contó con la participación de 9 jueces expertos en psicooncología, terapia intravenosa y medicina. Se analizó la validez de contenido con el índice de Osterlind y la dificultad de lectura con el índice INFLESZ. Resultados: El manual obtuvo una excelente evaluación de su contenido con un índice de Osterlind de 0,88 y en el análisis de dificultad de lectura obtuvo una puntuación de 67,3, evidencia de un material muy fácil de leer. Conclusiones: Los hallazgos muestran que el manual desarrollado es de calidad, de fácil acceso y comprensión para los pacientes que se someterán a la colocación de un catéter puerto. Asimismo, se ofrece evidencia de la importancia de construir materiales educativos basados en la investigación y en indicadores estadísticos.(AU)

Introduction: Educational approaches are recommended interventions to address the informational and emotional needs of patients with breast cancer. Among them are psychoeducational materials, which ideally should be evidence-based developed, to promote health literacy; however, this is rare. Objective: Design and validate the content of a psychoeducational manual on central venous catheters in women with breast cancer, as well as analyze its level of readability. Method: a prospective and transversal-descriptive research was carried out, through a non-experimental design. To evaluate the manual, 9 expert judges in psycho-oncology, intravenous therapy and medicine participated. Content validity was analyzed with the Osterlind index and reading difficulty with the INFLESZ index. Results: The manual obtained an excellent evaluation of its content with an Osterlind index of 0.88 and in the analysis of reading difficulty it obtained a score of 67.3, evidence of very easy-to-read material. Conclusions: The findings show that the developed manual is of quality, easy to access and understand for patients who will undergo central venous catheters. Likewise, evidence is offered of the importance of building educational materials based on research and statistical indicators.(AU)

Servicios farmacéuticos basados en la atención primaria de salud: Herramienta para la evaluación de la calidad de la prestación de los servicios farmacéuticos en países de la Región de las Américas / Pharmaceutical services based on primary health care: Tool for evaluating the quality of the provision of pharmaceutical services in countries of the Region of the Americas

El presente documento ofrece una herramienta robusta que consta de 79 indicadores, basados en los principios de una atención primaria de salud renovada, y diseñados para ser implementados en los servicios farmacéuticos de la Región. En estas páginas se resume el proceso de desarrollo de estos indicadores, iniciado en el 2019 bajo la dirección y coordinación de la Organización Panamericana de la Salud, con aportes del grupo expertos en el tema, talleres regionales y una prueba piloto en Argentina y Perú en el 2022. Asimismo, se describe el enfoque simplificado de niveles de implementación, que facilita la compresión de los resultados de los indicadores y la toma de decisiones, y además, se incluyen algunos elementos clave para que los países los tengan en cuenta en el momento de implementar esta herramienta. Cada indicador se presenta en su correspondiente ficha técnica, que incluye los elementos configurativos, la clasificación según el grado de complejidad y el ámbito de los servicios farmacéuticos. Esto destaca la importancia de redefinir y evaluar la calidad de los servicios farmacéuticos en todos los niveles de atención de salud.

Estrategia de comunicación: Donación voluntaria de órganos, tejidos y células / Communication strategy: Voluntary donation of organs, tissues and cells

El presente documento propone una estrategia de comunicación para los organismos públicos de los Estados Miembros de la Organización Panamericana de la Salud, con el objetivo de contribuir a la implementación de la Estrategia y plan de acción sobre donación y acceso equitativo al trasplante de órganos, tejidos y células 2019-2030, aprobada en 2019 por los Estados Miembros, en el marco de su 57.º Consejo Directivo. Concretamente, este documento se centra en la línea de acción estratégica 2, dirigida a aumentar la disponibilidad de órganos, tejidos y células con base en la donación voluntaria no remunerada, que implica que no debe existir ningún beneficio económico a cambio de la donación y que el comercio de órganos, tejidos y células debe estar prohibido y su tráfico tipificado como delito en la legislación

Egg-Clutch Biomechanics Affect Escape-Hatching Behavior and Performance.

Arboreal embryos of phyllomedusine treefrogs hatch prematurely to escape snake predation, cued by vibrations in their egg clutches during attacks. However, escape success varies between species, from ∼77% in Agalychnis callidryas to just ∼9% in A. spurrelli at 1 day premature. Both species begin responding to snake attacks at similar developmental stages, when vestibular mechanosensory function begins, suggesting that sensory ability does not limit the hatching response in A. spurrelli. Agalychnis callidryas clutches are thick and gelatinous, while A. spurrelli clutches are thinner and stiffer. We hypothesized that this structural difference alters the egg motion excited by attacks. Since vibrations excited by snakes must propagate through clutches to reach embryos, we hypothesized that the species difference in attack-induced hatching may reflect effects of clutch biomechanics on the cues available to embryos. Mechanics predicts that thinner, stiffer structures have higher free vibration frequencies, greater spatial attenuation, and faster vibration damping than thicker, more flexible structures. We assessed clutch biomechanics by embedding small accelerometers in clutches of both species and recording vibrations during standardized excitation tests at two distances from the accelerometer. Analyses of recorded vibrations showed that A. spurrelli clutches have higher free vibration frequencies and greater vibration damping than A. callidryas clutches. Higher frequencies elicit less hatching in A. callidryas, and greater damping could reduce the amount of vibration embryos can perceive. To directly test if clutch structure affects escape success in snake attacks, we transplanted A. spurrelli eggs into A. callidryas clutches and compared their escape rates with untransplanted, age-matched conspecific controls. We also performed reciprocal transplantation of eggs between pairs of A. callidryas clutches as a method control. Transplanting A. spurrelli embryos into A. callidryas clutches nearly tripled their escape success (44%) compared to conspecific controls (15%), whereas transplanting A. callidryas embryos into different A. callidryas clutches only increased escape success by 10%. At hatching competence, A. callidryas eggs are no longer jelly-encapsulated, while A. spurrelli eggs retain their jelly coat. Therefore, we compared the hatching response and latency of A. spurrelli in de-jellied eggs and their control, jelly-encapsulated siblings using manual egg-jiggling to simulate predation cues. Embryos in de-jellied eggs were more likely to hatch and hatched faster than control siblings. Together, our results suggest that the properties of parentally produced egg-clutch structures, including their vibration biomechanics, constrain the information available to A. spurrelli embryos and contribute to interspecific differences in hatching responses to predator attacks.

Resumen Los embriones arbóreos de las ranas Phyllomedusinae eclosionan prematuramente para escapar de la depredación de las serpientes, señaladas por las vibraciones en sus posturas durante los ataques. El éxito de escape varía entre especies, desde ∼77% en Agalychnis callidryas hasta sólo ∼9% en A. spurrelli a un día antes de la eclosión espontanea. Ambas especies comienzan a responder a los ataques de serpientes en etapas del desarrollo similares cuando inicia la función mecanosensorial vestibular, lo que sugiere que la capacidad sensorial no limita la respuesta de eclosión en A. spurrelli. Estructuralmente, las posturas de A. callidryas son gruesas y gelatinosas, mientras que las de A. spurrelli son más delgadas y rígidas. Esta diferencia en estructura de la postura podría afectar su movimiento y la propagación de las señales de vibración que perciben los embriones durante los ataques de serpientes. Por lo tanto, investigamos la hipótesis de que las diferencias entre especies en las respuestas de eclosión a los ataques de serpientes se deben a la influencia de la biomecánica de las posturas en las señales disponibles para los embriones. Mecánicamente, las estructuras más delgadas deberían tener frecuencias de resonancia más altas, mayor atenuación espacial y una amortiguación de vibraciones más rápida que las estructuras más gruesas y flexibles. Evaluamos la biomecánica de las posturas mediante la incorporación de acelerómetros pequeños dentro de las posturas de ambas especies, así como la grabación de vibraciones causadas por pruebas de excitación estandarizadas a diferentes distancias del acelerómetro. Los análisis de las vibraciones registradas indican que las posturas de A. spurrelli tienen frecuencias de vibración más altas y una mayor amortiguación de vibraciones que las posturas de A. callidryas. Las frecuencias más altas provocan menos eclosión en A. callidryas, y una mayor amortiguación podría reducir la cantidad de vibración que pueden percibir los embriones. Para probar directamente si la estructura de posturas afecta el éxito de escape en los ataques de serpientes, trasplantamos huevos de A. spurrelli en posturas de A. callidryas y comparamos sus tasas de escape con controles conespecíficos de la misma edad no trasplantados. También realizamos trasplante recíproco en A. callidryas como control de método. El trasplante de embriones de A. spurrelli en posturas de A. callidryas casi triplicó su éxito de escape (44%) en comparación con los controles conespecíficos (15%), mientras que el trasplante de huevos de A. callidryas aumentó el éxito de escape en solo un 10%. Al momento de la eclosión, los huevos de A. callidryas ya no están encapsulados en gelatina, mientras que los huevos de A. spurrelli conservan su cápsula de gelatina. Por lo tanto, comparamos la respuesta de eclosión y la latencia de A. spurrelli en huevos sin gelatina y sus hermanos de control, encapsulados en gelatina, usando movimientos manuales de huevos para simular señales de depredación. Los embriones en huevos sin gelatina tenían más probabilidades de eclosionar y eclosionaron más rápido que los hermanos de control. Nuestros resultados sugieren que las propiedades de las estructuras producidas por padres, como las posturas de huevos, incluida su biomecánica de vibración, restringen la información disponible para los embriones de A. spurrelli y contribuyen a las diferencias interespecíficas en las respuestas de eclosión a los ataques de los depredadores.

Effect of Reflexology on Pain, Fatigue, Sleep Quality, and Lactation in Postpartum Primiparous Women After Cesarean Delivery: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

BACKGROUND: Mothers commonly experience pain, fatigue, sleep disruption, and breastfeeding problems after cesarean delivery. To date, no follow-up study has examined all of these variables to evaluate the utility of reflexology in reducing these problems and supporting breastfeeding. RESEARCH AIM: This study aimed to determine the effect of foot reflexology performed in the postpartum period on pain, fatigue, sleep quality, and lactation in primiparous women who underwent cesarean delivery. METHODS: This is a two-arm, parallel-group randomized controlled trial. Data were collected between January 1, 2020, and January 31, 2021, with a sample of 80 women who were randomly assigned to the reflexology (n = 40) and control (n = 40) groups. The reflexology group received 40 minutes of foot reflexology once a week for 8 weeks. The primary outcomes of the study were pain, fatigue, sleep quality, and breastfeeding efficacy. RESULTS: Pain scores in the reflexology group decreased by 90.9% in week 1, 90.2% in week 2, and 59.8% in week 3 compared to the control group. Pain resolved at week 4 in the reflexology group and week 7 in the control group. The reflexology group showed a 36.9% decrease in fatigue level, a 48.0% increase in energy level, a 70.7% increase in sleep quality, and a 20.2% increase in breastfeeding efficacy compared to the control group (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Foot reflexology reduces postpartum symptoms and positively affects breastfeeding and can be used safely in postnatal care practices.

The effects of manual therapy in pain and safety of patients with knee osteoarthritis: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND: Manual therapy (MT) is frequently used in combination with management of osteoarthritis of the knee, but there is no consensus on the exact efficacy of this treatment strategy. The purpose of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to evaluate the pain relief and safety of MT for treatment of knee osteoarthritis (KOA). METHODS: Randomized controlled trials evaluating MT in patients with KOA in major English and Chinese journals were searched in the following databases: Wanfang, China Science and Technology Journal Database (VIP database), China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library databases through June 2023. The methodological quality and quality of evidence of the included studies were assessed using Cochrane's risk-of-bias 2 (ROB 2) tool and the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) tool. Data analysis was performed using Stata version 15.0 software. After use of Galbraith plots to exclude studies that could lead to heterogeneity, random effects models were used to analyze the remaining data and test the consistency of the findings. We used meta-regression to assess the effect of treatment period, patient age, and sex ratio on outcomes. Funnel plots and Egger's test were used to evaluate publication bias. Sensitivity analyses were used to determine the reliability of the results. RESULTS: A total of 25 studies, with 2376 participants, were included in this review. The overall methodological quality of the included studies was limited. Our findings suggest that MT has a positive impact on pain relief outcomes in KOA patients. The meta-analysis showed that MT was superior to usual care (SMD = 2.04, 95% CI 0.94, 3.14, I 2 = 96.3%; low evidence quality) and exercise (SMD = 1.56, 95% CI 0.41, 2.71, I 2 = 96.3%; low evidence quality) for reducing pain. In terms of improvement in visual analogue scale (VAS) scores, MT treatment beyond 4 weeks (SMD = 1.56, 95% CI 0.41, 2.71, I 2 = 96.3%) may be superior to treatments less than or equal to 4 weeks (SMD = 1.24, 95% CI 0.56, 1.95, I 2 = 94.7%). No serious adverse events associated with MT were reported. CONCLUSIONS: MT may be effective at reducing pain in patients with KOA and may be more effective after a 4-week treatment period. Compared with usual care and exercise therapy, MT may be superior at reducing KOA pain in the short term (9 weeks), but its long-term efficacy requires careful consideration of evidence-based outcomes. MT appears to be safe for KOA patients, though clinicians should inform patients of the potential risk of MT-related adverse events.

Efficacy and safety of traditional Chinese manual therapy (Tuina) in patients with non-specific chronic low back pain: a study protocol for a randomised controlled trial.

INTRODUCTION: Non-pharmacological interventions play a crucial role in the management of non-specific chronic low back pain (NSCLBP). One prime example is Tuina, a traditional Chinese manual therapy that incorporates pressing, kneading and rubbing techniques to alleviate physical discomfort and enhance overall well-being. It serves as a widely used technique in China and other East Asian countries. However, the effectiveness and safety of Tuina for managing NSCLBP have not been substantiated through rigorous clinical research. We sought to carry out a randomised controlled trial with an open-label design, blinded assessors and parallel arms to assess the effectiveness and safety of Tuina as a treatment for NSCLBP. The trial aims to provide high-quality evidence regarding the efficacy and safety of Tuina in improving outcomes for patients with NSCLBP. METHODS AND ANALYSIS: A total of 150 patients aged 18-60 years with NSCLBP will be recruited. Participants will be randomly assigned to one of the two groups. Both groups will receive standard health education. In addition, the treatment group will receive Tuina therapy, while the control group will participate in core stability exercises. Each group will undergo a total of 18 interventions over 6 weeks, with the interventions administered three times per week. The primary outcome measure is the patient's pain intensity, assessed using the Numerical Rating Scale, at week 6 following randomisation. Secondary outcomes encompass disability (measured by the Roland-Morris Disability Questionnaire), quality of life (assessed using the EuroQoL-5 dimensions questionnaire), adverse emotions (evaluated with the Pain Catastrophizing Scale, Tampa Scale of Kinesiophobia and Depression Anxiety Stress Scale), biomechanical outcomes, socioeconomic indicators (medication use, healthcare utilisation and absenteeism), patient satisfaction, treatment adherence and other relevant factors.The statistical analysis will follow the intention-to-treat principle. Two-way repeated measures analysis of variance will be used to compare the clinical data across different time points within both groups. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION: The study protocol has received approval from the Ethics Committee of Shuguang Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine (2023-1366-133-01). All study participants will be required to give written informed consent. The findings of the study will be submitted to a peer-reviewed journal for publication and presented at scientific conferences. Additionally, the participants will receive copies of the results. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: ChiCTR2300076257.

A new role for spinal manual therapy and for chiropractic? Part I: weaknesses and threats.

Spinal manual therapy is central to chiropractic history, clinical practice, and professional identity. That chiropractors have developed an expertise in this domain has provided some considerable advantages. However, we contend it is also at the crux of the ideological schism that fractures the chiropractic profession. In this article, which is the first in a series of two, we discuss chiropractors' understanding and use of spinal manual therapy and do so with particular emphasis on what we see as weaknesses it creates and threats it gives rise to. These are of particular importance, as we believe they have limited the chiropractic profession's development. As we shall argue, we believe that these threats have become existential in nature, and we are convinced that they call for a resolute and unified response by the profession. Subsequently, in part II, we discuss various strengths that the chiropractic profession possesses and the opportunities that await, provided that the profession is ready to rise to the challenge.

Effect of physical activity in children and adolescents with metabolic syndrome: systematic review protocol / Efecto de la atividad física en niños y adolescentes con síndrome metabólica: protocolo de revisión sistemática / Efeito da atividade física em crianças e adolescentes com síndrome metabólica: protocolo de revisão sistemática

Review the scientific literature on Randomized Clinical Studies (RCT/Experimental Studies) and Non-randomized Controlled Clinical Studies (RCT/Quasi-Experimental Studies) that tested the effects of practicing physical activity as an intervention in children and adolescents with metabolic syndrome. Methods: This protocol follows the PRISMA-P (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Protocols Statement) recommendations for systematic review protocols. Searches were carried out in five indexed electronic databases: PubMed, Lilacs/BVS, Cochrane Library, in addition to searches in a gray literature database: Google Scholar. Descriptors indexed in the Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) and in the Health Sciences Descriptors (DeCS) were used. No limits were applied on any of the bases. The study selection process will be carried out in duplicate by two independent researchers and, if necessary, with the help of a third party to establish consensus. Duplicate articles will be excluded, titles and abstracts will be read and the full text of eligible studies will be read, in addition to manual searches in the reference lists of selected articles; in accordance with the Key Items to Report Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses: the PRISMA recommendation. Results: ECR and ECC will be included without language restrictions. Methodological quality will be assessed using the GRADEPRO. Discussion: This systematic review will present a current synthesis on the effects of physical activity as an intervention in children and adolescents with metabolic syndrome. This information can contribute to the scientific literature related to the area of ​​child and adolescent health and assist in the implementation of health interventions related to metabolic syndrome in children and adolescents. PROSPERO registration number: CRD42022355992.

Revisar la literatura científica sobre Estudios Clínicos Aleatorizados (RCT/Estudios experimentales) y estudios clínicos controlados no aleatorios (RCT/Estudios cuasiexperimentales) que probaron los efectos de la práctica física Actividad como intervención en niños y adolescentes con síndrome metabólico. Métodos: Este protocolo sigue el PRISMA-P (Elementos de informes preferidos para Recomendaciones de la Declaración de protocolos de revisión sistemática y metanálisis para protocolos de revisión sistemática. Las búsquedas se realizaron en cinco indexados. bases de datos electrónicas: PubMed, Lilacs/BVS, Cochrane Library, además de búsquedas en una base de datos de literatura gris: Google Scholar. Descriptores indexados en en los encabezados de materias médicas (MeSH) y en los descriptores de ciencias de la salud (DeCS). No se aplicaron límites a ninguna de las bases. El estudio El proceso de selección se realizará por duplicado por dos personas independientes. investigadores y, si es necesario, con la ayuda de un tercero para establecer consenso. Se excluirán artículos duplicados, se leerán títulos y resúmenes. y se leerá el texto completo de los estudios elegibles, además de las búsquedas manuales en las listas de referencias de artículos seleccionados; de acuerdo con los puntos clave a Informe de revisiones sistemáticas y metaanálisis: la recomendación PRISMA. Resultados: Se incluirán ECR y ECC sin restricciones de idioma. La calidad metodológica se evaluará mediante el GRADEPRO. Discusión: Esta revisión sistemática presentará una síntesis actual sobre los efectos del ejercicio físico. Actividad como intervención en niños y adolescentes con síndrome metabólico. Esta información puede contribuir a la literatura científica relacionada con el área de salud del niño y del adolescente y ayudar en la implementación de las medidas de salud Intervenciones relacionadas con el síndrome metabólico en niños y adolescentes. Número de registro de PRÓSPERO: CRD42022355992.

Objetivo: Revisar a literatura científica sobre Estudos Clínicos Randomizados (ECR/Estudos Experimentais) e Estudos Clínicos não randomizados Controlados (ECC/Estudos Quase experimentais) que testaram os efeitos da prática de atividade física como intervenção em crianças e adolescentes com síndrome metabólica. Métodos: Este protocolo segue as recomendações PRISMA-P (Preferred reporting items for systematic review and meta-analysis protocols statement) para protocolos de revisões sistemáticas. Foram realizadas buscas em cinco bases de dadoseletrônicas indexadas: PubMed, Lilacs/BVS, Cochrane Library, além de buscas em uma base de dados da literatura cinzenta: Google Scholar. Foram utilizados descritores indexados no Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) e no Descritores em Ciências da Saúde (DeCS). Não foram aplicados limites em nenhuma das bases. O processo de seleção dos estudos será realizado de forma duplicada por dois pesquisadores independentes e se necessário, com auxílio de um terceiro para estabelecer consenso. Serão excluídos os artigos duplicados, lidos títulos e resumos e realizada a leitura de texto completo dos estudos elegíveis, além de buscas manuais nas listas de referências dos artigos selecionados; de acordo com os Principais itens para relatar Revisões sistemáticas e Meta-análises: a recomendação PRISMA. Resultados: Serão incluídos ECR e ECC sem restrição de idiomas. A qualidade metodológica será avaliada através do GRADEPRO. Discussão: Esta revisão sistemática apresentará uma síntese atual sobre os efeitos da prática de atividade física como intervenção em crianças e adolescentes com síndrome metabólica. Essas informações podem contribuir com a literatura científica relativa à área da Saúde de crianças e adolescentes e auxiliar na implementação de intervenções de saúde relacionadas à síndrome metabólica em crianças e adolescentes. Registro PROSPERO número: CRD42022355992.

Effects of manual therapy in addition to stretching and strengthening exercises to improve scapular range of motion, functional capacity and pain in patients with shoulder impingement syndrome: a randomized controlled trial.

BACKGROUND: The current study aimed to measure the effectiveness of manual therapy in addition to stretching and strengthening exercises in patients with shoulder impingement syndrome to improve functional capacity, pain, and scapular range of motion. METHODS: This is a single-blinded randomized controlled trial. Thirty-two participants with chronic shoulder impingement syndrome were randomly allocated into two groups. Both groups received stretching and strengthening exercises while the treatment group was given manual therapy additionally. Treatment was started after the patients signed an informed consent form. The data were collected from the University of Lahore Teaching Hospital between March 2022 and December 2022. The study aimed to measure pain using a numeric pain rating scale, functional capacity was assessed by the disability of the arm and shoulder, and goniometry was used for scapular ranges, i.e., scapular protraction and upward rotation. Each treatment session lasted 45 min for the treatment group and 30 min for the control group. The treatment comprised five days a week for four weeks, after which post-intervention measurements were taken. RESULTS: Thirty-two participants were enrolled in the study, and 16 were divided into each group. The mean age of the participants in the treatment group was 38.19 ± 7.31 while the comparison group was 35.69 ± 7.98. An independent sample t-test was run on the data with a 95% confidence interval, statistically significant results were obtained, i.e., p-value < 0.05, post-intervention in the treatment group. Both groups have significantly improved functional capacity and scapular protraction (p < 0.005), however, pain and scapular upward rotation were not found statistically significant in the control group (p > 0.05). CONCLUSION: The addition of manual therapy along with exercise therapy showed clinical and statistical significant results for pain, functional capacity, and scapular range of motion. It demonstrated superior effects than exercise therapy alone for the chronic condition of SIS. TRIAL REGISTRATION: The trial was registered in the Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials ( https://www.irct.ir/ ) with the registration number: IRCT20230526058291N1, (Date: 12/08/2023).

Systemic manual therapy to treat long term residuals following COVID-19-related ICU stay: A case report.

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this case is to describe an outpatient treatment course using previously published systemic manual therapy protocol to treat a 65-year-old patient who, after prolonged COVID-related intubation, presented with polyneuropathy, organ failure and other residuals. DESIGN: A single-subject case study. METHODS: Review of clinical records and follow-up interview. RESULTS: The patient identified problem scale (PIP) had improved from a high score of 52 to 11; QUICKDASH score improved from 68 to 16. All individual problems had either resolved or remained at a minimal level and the patient had generally returned to his prior level of function including return to work. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: It appears that Despite factors such as age, length of ICU stay, length of symptoms before initiation of physical therapy, and complicated hospital stay including multiple organ failure, after receiving physical therapy consists of the systemic manual therapy protocols, the patient rapidly improved during the outpatient episode.

Enhance range-of-motion and hypotensive effect in elderly submitted to three manual therapy techniques: Cross-over study.

The present study has two objectives: 1) to verify the effect of Maitland mobilization, manual massage (MM), and static stretching (SS) on the acute range-of-motion (ROM) responses, over 30 min, in the elderly; 2) to verify the effect of Maitland's mobilization, MM, and SS on blood pressure (BP) responses, over 60 min, in the elderly. Sixteen inactive elderly men were recruited. After familiarization, all subjects performed the experimental conditions throughout four remaining sessions. Each session included two baselines ROM measures in randomized order. After baseline, participants completed the control group, Maitland, MM, and SS conditions and retesting immediately (Post-0) e again throughout 30-min following intervention. All conditions increased ankle, hip, and shoulder ROM for at least 10-min post-intervention. Systolic BP hypotensive effects were found for all experimental protocols when compared to baseline values. In conclusion, it was observed that Maitland, MM, and SS conditions enhance ROM and promote hypotensive effect post-intervention. These results have a practical prescription and rehabilitation implications and may be used in the elderly population, since a movement limitation can be treated by global interventions in a non-limited, as well as promoting cardiovascular protection through the hypotensive effects in the same experimental session.

The effect of manual therapy on ankle dorsiflexion range of motion: A pilot crossover randomized trial.

INTRODUCTION: Restricted ankle dorsiflexion is common after lower limb injury. The aim of this pilot study was to investigate the effect of passive ankle joint mobilization and calf muscle massage on ankle dorsiflexion range of motion in adults with residual restricted dorsiflexion. The secondary aim was to assess the methodology of the pilot study to inform a larger clinical trial. METHOD: The study design was a randomized crossover trial with assessor blinding. Twenty-five healthy participants with a history of lower limb injury were included in the study. Ankle joint mobilization and calf muscle massage were applied for 5 min in a random order, one to two weeks apart. Ankle dorsiflexion was measured by using the weight-bearing lunge pre- and post-intervention (cm). Paired t-tests were used to analyze the effect of the manual therapy interventions on restricted ankles. A minimal detectable difference 95% (MMD95) was calculated. The pilot study was analyzed for suitability of inclusion criteria, blinding of assessors and the manual therapist, and the washout period. RESULTS: A significant increase in dorsiflexion was demonstrated for ankle joint mobilization (change score = 0.51 ± 0.76, p = 0.003) and calf muscle soft tissue massage (change score = 0.91 ± 1.07, p < 0.001). There was no difference in change scores between manual therapy techniques (mobilization 0.51 ± 0.76, massage 0.91 ± 1.07, p = 0.12). Evaluation of the pilot study revealed limitations to be modified in future studies. CONCLUSION: These preliminary data indicate ankle joint mobilization and calf muscle soft tissue massage had similar effects on increasing ankle dorsiflexion range of motion in ankles with residual dorsiflexion restriction.

A novel manual therapy approach for managing acute interscapular pain following median sternotomy for open cardiac surgery: A clinical comparative analysis.

INTRODUCTION: Acute interscapular pain is a frequent postoperative complication observed in patients who have undergone median sternotomy. This study aimed to assess a novel approach to manual therapy utilizing the Regional Interdependence (RI) concept for managing interscapular pain in post-sternotomy patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In an observational study, a cohort of 60 consecutively admitted patients undergoing median sternotomy was enrolled. Data collection involved standardized clinical evaluations conducted at specific time points: prior to manual treatment (T0), following five manual treatments (T5), and at post-treatment days 10 (T10) and 30 (T30). The Experimental Group (EG) received manual treatment based on the RI concept, performed in a seated position to accommodate individual clinical conditions and surgical wound considerations. The Control Group (CG) received simulated treatment involving identical exercises to the EG but lacking the physiological or biomechanical stimulation. RESULTS: Among the initial 60 patients, 36 met the inclusion criteria, while 24 were excluded due to one or more exclusion criteria. Treatment outcomes revealed a statistically significant improvement in the EG compared to the CG, not only in terms of pain reduction but also in functional recovery and consequent disability reduction. DISCUSSION: The RI concept emerges as a potentially valuable therapeutic approach for addressing interscapular dysfunction, particularly in highly complex post-sternotomy patients. This study highlights the clinical relevance of the RI concept in the management of interscapular pain and highlights its potential utility in improving patient outcomes in the challenging context of sternotomy surgery.

Assessing adverse events associated with chiropractic care in preschool pediatric population: a feasibility study.

BACKGROUND: Manual therapies are commonly used by healthcare professionals when caring for children. However, few prospective studies have evaluated their adverse events (AEs). This study aims to assess the feasibility of a pragmatic prospective study aiming to report the immediate and delayed (48-hours post-treatment) AEs associated with manual therapies in children aged 5 or younger. Preliminary data on AEs frequency are also reported. METHODS: Between July 2021 and March 2022, chiropractors were recruited through purposive sampling and via a dedicated Facebook group for Quebec chiropractors interested in pediatrics. Legal guardians of patients aged 5 or younger were invited to fill out an online information and consent form. AEs were collected using the SafetyNET reporting system, which had been previously translated by the research team. Immediate AEs were collected through a questionnaire filled out by the legal guardian immediately after the treatment, while delayed AEs were collected through a questionnaire sent by email to the legal guardian 48 h after the treatment. Feasibility was assessed qualitatively through feedback from chiropractors and quantitatively through recruitment data. RESULTS: Overall, a total of 28 chiropractors expressed interest following the Facebook publication, and 5 participated. An additional two chiropractors were enrolled through purposive sampling. In total, 80 legal guardians consented to their child's participation, and data from 73 children were included for the analysis of AEs. At least one AE was reported in 30% of children (22/73), and AEs were mainly observed immediately following the treatment (16/22). The most common AEs were irritability/crying (11 children) or fatigue/tiredness (11 children). Feasibility analysis demonstrated that regular communication between the research team and clinicians, as well as targeting clinicians who showed great interest in pediatrics, were key factors for successful research. CONCLUSION: Results suggest that it is feasible to conduct a prospective pragmatic study evaluating AEs associated with manual therapies in private practices. Direct communication with the clinicians, a strategic clinicians' recruitment plan, and the resulting administrative burden should be considered in future studies. A larger study is required to confirm the frequency of AEs reported in the current study. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov., NCT05409859, Registered on June 3 2022. https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT05409859 .

Changes in Multiple Aspects of Pain Outcomes After Rehabilitation: Analysis of Pain Data in a Randomized Controlled Trial Evaluating the Effects of Adding Sensorimotor Training to Manual Therapy and Exercise for Chronic Neck Pain.

OBJECTIVES: To examine changes in pain outcomes to fully evaluate the effect of adding sensorimotor training to manual therapy and exercise in patients with chronic neck pain and sensorimotor deficits. Concordance was examined between pain distribution and pain intensity and patient-reported outcomes. METHODS: Participants (n=152) were randomly allocated into 4 intervention groups: One group received local neck treatment (NT) comprising manual therapy and exercise and the other 3 groups received additional sensorimotor training (either joint position sense/oculomotor exercises, balance exercises or both). Treatment was delivered twice a week for 6 weeks. Pain and patient-reported outcomes were measured at baseline, posttreatment, and 3-, 6- and 12-month follow-ups. RESULTS: There were greater changes in pain location, extent, and intensity at 6- and 12-month follow-ups in the sensorimotor training groups compared with the NT group ( P <0.05). A greater number of patients in the sensorimotor training groups gained ≥50% reduction in pain extent and intensity relative to the NT group at 6 and 12 months ( P <0.05). Clinical improvement in pain extent was concordant with pain intensity (adjusted kappa=056 to 0.66, %agreement=78.3 to 82.9, P <0.001) and disability (adjusted kappa=0.47 to 0.58, % agreement=73.7 to 79.0, P <0.01) at 3-, 6- and 12-month follow-ups, but not with function and well-being. The concordance tended to decline with time. DISCUSSION: Multiple aspects of the pain experience improved in the longer term by adding sensorimotor training to NT for patients with neck pain and sensorimotor deficits. The concordance between pain and patient-reported outcomes was not always evident and varied over time, suggesting the need for multidimensional assessments of pain.

Effectiveness of musculoskeletal manipulations in patients with neck pain: a protocol for a systematic review and network meta-analysis.

INTRODUCTION: Neck pain is a common problem that severely affects physical and mental health. While musculoskeletal manipulations are recommended as the first-line treatment for adults with neck pain, the comparative effectiveness of different musculoskeletal manipulations remains unclear. This systematic review and network meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials (RCTs) will compare the effectiveness of different types of musculoskeletal manipulations, with the overarching aim of guiding clinical practice. METHODS AND ANALYSIS: Two independent reviewers will search four English electronic databases (Web of Science, Cochrane Library, EMBASE, PubMed) and three Chinese electronic databases (China National Knowledge Infrastructure, China Science and Technology Journal Database, Wanfang) for relevant RCTs published from 1 January 2013 to 30 April 2023. The Clinical Trials Registry (ClinicalTrials.gov) will be searched for completed but unpublished RCTs. English and Chinese will be used to search English databases and Chinese databases, respectively. RCTs of musculoskeletal manipulations for adults (aged ≥18 years) with neck pain will be considered eligible for inclusion. A pairwise meta-analysis and network meta-analysis will be performed, and pooled risk ratios, standardised mean differences and 95% CIs will be determined. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION: Ethics approval is not required as this study is a literature review. The results of this review will be published in peer-reviewed journals or disseminated at conferences. PROSPERO REGISTRATION NUMBER: CRD42023420775.

Análise dos feminicídios no estado de Pernambuco: violência de gênero e invisibilidade / Analysis of femicides in the state of Pernambuco: gender-based violence and invisibility / Análisis de los feminicidios en el estado de Pernambuco: violencia de género e invisibilidad

O feminicídio é um fenômeno decorrente da herança patriarcal machista e de estruturas sociais historicamente permeadas por relações desiguais de gênero. O objetivo desta dissertação, que é um estudo ecológico, foi analisar os aspectos epidemiológicos dos feminicídios registrados em Pernambuco, entre 2016 e 2019. Como proxy dos eventos de feminicídio, foi admitido como referência o registro de homicídios e de mortes por causas indeterminadas de mulheres no Sistema de Informações sobre Mortalidade. Foram estabelecidas etapas de buscas com o linkage probabilístico em bases de dados da saúde e, de forma complementar, de revisões manuais em plataforma do Tribunal de Justiça de Pernambuco (TJPE) e mídias noticiosas online. Realizou-se a descrição dos dados mediante a distribuição de frequências, medidas de tendência central e dispersão. Para analisar o padrão espacial das taxas de feminicídio, foram utilizados o método bayesiano empírico local e o índice de autocorrelação de Moran. Aplicou-se a regressão logística hierarquizada para verificar a associação entre o feminicídio e a violência interpessoal e estimar a razão de chances (Odds Ratio) com intervalos de confiança de 95% (IC95%). Assim, foram localizados 490 feminicídios, o que correspondeu a uma taxa de 2,5 por 100.000 mulheres. A maior proporção de feminicídios foi identificada pela busca manual em mídias noticiosas online e na base processual do TJPE (n = 247; 50,41%). As características principais das vítimas são: idade entre 20 e 39 anos (n = 286; 58,37%); raça/cor negra (n = 400; 81,63%); sem companheiro(a) (n = 407; 83,06%); e escolaridade superior a oito anos de estudo (n = 303; 61,84%). A autocorrelação espacial do evento foi confirmada pelo índice global de Moran das taxas suavizadas (I = 0,3; p = 0,001); a autocorrelação local reforça a interiorização do evento ao apontar área crítica (Q1) formada por municípios localizados na macrorregião do Vale do São Francisco e Araripe. No nível de determinação distal, identificou-se que as seguintes variáveis elevam as chances de ocorrência do feminicídio: residir em município de pequeno porte (OR = 2,10); indisponibilidade de delegacias especializadas no atendimento à mulher (OR = 1,11); e ausência de encaminhamentos para rede assistencial e protetiva na oportunidade de agressão anterior (OR = 1,32). Nos determinantes intermediários, destacou-se que, quanto maior é a intensidade do meio de ação empregado na prática da violência, maior é a chance do desfecho fatal, ressaltando-se o uso de objeto perfurocortante (OR = 3,93) e arma de fogo (OR = 11,14). E, acerca dos determinantes proximais, as vítimas inseridas na faixa etária entre 10 e 19 anos apresentaram menor chance quanto à ocorrência de feminicídio (OR = 0,51). A caracterização da população de estudo pode proporcionar a ampliação dos conhecimentos sobre violência estrutural contra as mulheres, aspectos da notificação e da rede assistencial e protetiva. A análise espacial identificou a interiorização do evento e áreas de transição em Pernambuco, as quais requerem priorização de intervenções. E a modelagem evidenciou que as mulheres estão expostas a múltiplos fatores de risco para a ocorrência de feminicídio, de forma que a discussão, de modo particularizado a todos os níveis de determinação, faz-se ainda mais necessária.

Feminicide results from the sexist patriarchal heritage and social structures historically permeated by unequal gender relations. This ecological study analyzes the epidemiological aspects of feminicides recorded in Pernambuco between 2016 and 2019. Records of homicides and undetermined causes of death of women available in the Mortality Information System were the proxy for feminicide events and accepted as reference. Search steps were established with probabilistic linkage in health databases, as well as manual reviews on the Pernambuco Court of Justice (TJPE) platform and online news media as a complement. Data were described by the distribution of frequencies, measures of central tendency and dispersion. Local empirical Bayesian method and Moran's autocorrelation index were used in the spatial pattern analysis of femicide rates. Hierarchical logistic regression was applied to verify the association between femicide and interpersonal violence and to estimate the Odds Ratio with 95% confidence intervals (95%CI). Search returned a total of 490 feminicides, corresponding to a rate of 2.5 per 100,000 women. The highest proportion of feminicides was identified by manual search in online news media and in the TJPE database (n = 247; 50.41%). Most victims were aged between 20 and 39 years (n = 286; 58.37%), black (n = 400; 81.63%), had no partner (n = 407; 83.06%) and with over eight years of schooling (n = 303; 61.84%). Spatial autocorrelation of the event was confirmed by the Global Moran Index of smoothed rates (I = 0.3; p = 0.001). Local autocorrelation reinforces the interiorization of the phenomenon by pointing to a critical area (Q1) formed by municipalities located in the Vale do São Francisco and Araripe macroregion. At the distal level, the following variables increase the chances of feminicide: living in a small city (OR = 2.10); unavailability of specialized police stations (OR = 1.11); and absence of referrals to the care and protection network in the event of a previous aggression (OR = 1.32). Regarding intermediate determinants, the greater the violence inflicted the greater the chance of a fatal outcome, emphasizing the use of sharp objects (OR = 3.93) and firearms (OR = 11.14). Regarding proximal determinants, victims in the age group 10-19 years old were less likely to be a victim of femicide (OR = 0.51). Characterizing the study population can further knowledge about structural violence against women, and aspects of the notification and the care and protection network. Spatial analysis pointed to the interiorization of the phenomenon and transition areas in Pernambuco, requiring prioritization of interventions. The modeling showed that women are exposed to multiple risk factors for feminicide and further discussions at all levels of determination are necessary.

El feminicidio es un fenómeno derivado de la herencia patriarcal machista y de estructuras sociales históricamente permeadas por relaciones desiguales de género. Este estudio de tipo ecológico tuvo por objetivo analizar los aspectos epidemiológicos de los feminicidios registrados en Pernambuco, en el período entre 2016 y 2019. Como proxy de los eventos de feminicidio, se utilizó como referencia el registro de homicidios y de causas indeterminadas de muertes de mujeres en el Sistema de Informaciones sobre Mortalidad. Se establecieron etapas de búsquedas con vinculación probabilística en las bases de datos de salud y, de forma complementaria, búsquedas manuales en la plataforma del Tribunal de Justicia de Pernambuco (TJPE) y medios en línea. Para describir los datos se utilizaron la distribución de frecuencias, medidas de tendencia central y dispersión. Para analizar el padrón espacial de las tasas de feminicidio se emplearon el método bayesiano empírico local y el índice de autocorrelación de Moran. Se aplicó la regresión logística jerarquizada para constatar la asociación entre el feminicidio y la violencia interpersonal, y estimar la razón de posibilidades (Odds Ratio) con intervalos de confianza del 95% (IC95%). Los resultados apuntaron a 490 feminicidios, lo que correspondió a una tasa de 2,5 por 100.000 mujeres. La mayor proporción de feminicidios se identificó mediante la búsqueda manual en prensa en línea y en la base procesal del TJPE (n = 247; 50,41%). Las principales características de las víctimas fueron edad entre 20 y 39 años (n = 286; 58,37%), raza/color negro (n = 400; 81,63%), sin compañero(a) (n = 407; 83,06%) y nivel de estudios superior a ocho años de estudio (n = 303; 61,84%). La autocorrelación espacial del evento se confirmó mediante el índice de Moran global de las tasas suavizadas (I = 0,3, p = 0,001); la autocorrelación local refuerza la interiorización del evento al señalar área crítica (Q1) formada por municipios situados en la macrorregión del Valle de São Francisco y Araripe. En el nivel de determinación distal se identificó que las siguientes variables aumentan las posibilidades de feminicidio: residir en municipio de pequeño tamaño, (OR = 2,10); indisponibilidad de comisarías especializadas en la atención a la mujer (OR = 1,1); y ausencia de remisiones a la red asistencial y protectora en la ocasión de agresión anterior (OR = 1,32). En los determinantes intermediarios, se destacó que cuanto mayor es la intensidad del medio de acción empleado en la práctica de la violencia, mayor es la posibilidad de desenlace fatal, destacándose el empleo de objeto cortopunzante (OR = 3,93) y arma de fuego (OR = 11,14). En cuanto a los determinantes proximales, las víctimas comprendidas en el tramo de edad comprendido entre los 10 y los 19 años presentaron menos posibilidad de incidencia de feminicidio (OR = 0,51). La caracterización de la población de estudio puede proporcionar la ampliación de los conocimientos sobre violencia estructural contra la mujer, aspectos de la notificación y de la red asistencial protectora. El análisis espacial identificó la interiorización del evento y áreas de transición en Pernambuco, las cuales requieren priorización de las intervenciones. Y el modelaje reveló que las mujeres están expuestas a múltiples factores de riesgo para la incidencia de feminicidio y el debate, de modo particularizado de todos los niveles de determinación, se hace todavía más necesario.

Characterization and critical appraisal of physiotherapy intervention research in Nigeria: a systematic review.

OBJECTIVES: Clinical research is the bedrock of clinical innovation, education and practice. We characterized and critically appraised physiotherapy clinical research to avoid implementing misleading research findings into practice and to task the Nigerian physiotherapy societies on responsible conduct of clinical research. METHODS: This is a systematic review of articles published in English between 2009 and 2023. We started with 2009 because at least few Nigerian Physiotherapy school had commenced postgraduate (research) training by then. We searched Pubmed, Medline, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, Academic Search Complete, PsycINFO and African Journal Online, and reference lists of relevant articles. We Data were selected and extracted according to predesigned eligibility criteria and using a standardized data extraction table. Where appropriate, the Pedro and Cochrane ROBINS1 were used to examine the risk of bias. RESULTS: A total of 76 Nigerian studies were included in this study. The mean age of the study participants was 46.7 ± 8.6 years. Approximately, 45% of the participants were males. Of the clinical experiments, the randomized controlled trial (RCT) was the most common design (87.5%). Musculoskeletal conditions (39.3%) were the most studied disorder. Approximately 86% of the RCT had studies possessed fair to good quality. Interventions constituted exercise therapy (76.3%), manual therapy (8.5%) and electrotherapy (8.5%). More than half (67.8%) of the studies recorded medium to large effect sizes. A fair proportion (48.2%) of the studies had a confounding-by-indication bias. Approximately 43% of the clinical experiments were underpowered, and a few studies conducted normality tests (10.9%) and intention-to-treat analysis (37.5%). CONCLUSIONS: RCT is the most frequent clinical experiment, with majority of them possessing fair to good quality. The most important flaws include improper computation of sample size, statistical analysis, absent intention-to-treat approach, among others. The magnitude of effects of Physiotherapy interventions varies from nil effect to large effect. Musculoskeletal condition is the most prevalent disorder and exercise is the most important intervention in Nigerian physiotherapy practice. TRIAL REGISTRATION: We registered the protocol with PROSPERO. The registration number: CRD42021228514.

Is there 'trustworthy' evidence for using manual therapy to treat patients with shoulder dysfunction?: A systematic review.

The primary objective of this review was to create a 'trustworthy,' living systematic review and meta-analysis for the application of manual therapy interventions in treating patients with shoulder dysfunction. Included studies were English-language randomized controlled trials published between 1/1/2010 and 8/3/2023, with searches performed in: PubMed, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), CINHAL, ProQuest Nursing & Allied Health, EBSCO Medline, and PEDro. The population of focus included adults 18 years and older with musculoskeletal impairments related to shoulder dysfunction. Our primary outcomes included pain and region-specific outcome measures. We excluded trials, including participants having shoulder dysfunction resulting from surgery, radicular pain, instability/dislocation, fracture, lymphedema, and radiation. Our screening methodology was based upon a previously published 'trustworthy' systematic review protocol. This included the application of our PICOTS criteria in addition to screening for prospective clinical trial registration and following of prospective intent, as well as assessment of PEDro scores, risk-of-bias ratings, GRADE scoring, and examination of confidence in estimated effects. Twenty-six randomized controlled trials met our PICOTS criteria; however, only 15 of these were registered. Only three were registered prospectively. Two of these did not have discussions and conclusions that aligned with their primary outcome. The remaining single study was found to have a high risk-of-bias, meaning the remainder of the protocol could not be employed and that no randomized controlled trials could undergo further assessment or meta-analysis. The results of this systematic review indicate there are no 'trustworthy' randomized controlled trials examining the effectiveness of manual therapy interventions for the treatment of patients with shoulder dysfunction, as defined by the prospectively established methodology. Therefore, these findings signal that creating a 'trustworthy,' living systematic review on this clinically relevant topic is not yet possible due to a lack of 'trustworthy' randomized controlled trials.