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1.
An. psicol ; 40(1): 85-94, Ene-Abri, 2024. tab
Artículo en Inglés, Español | IBECS | ID: ibc-229030

RESUMEN

Aquellas investigaciones orientadas a analizar las actitudes hacia la homosexualidad sugieren el uso de instrumentos que detecten los aspectos sutiles en la discriminación hacia hombres gais y mujeres lesbianas. Asimismo, se señala que la invariancia de medida de los constructos es imprescindible para que las comparaciones entre grupos sean válidas. Este trabajo pretende validar la Escala de Homonegatividad Moderna (MHS) en estudiantes universitarios del ámbito de la educación (N = 1.283) con un rango de edad entre los 17 y los 49 años (M = 2.88; DT = 3,02). Del mismo modo, se interesa por examinar la invariancia de medida de la MHS en relación con ciertas variables sociodemográficas y personales (p. ej. identidad de género), así como ideológicas (p. ej. inclinación política). Los resultados aportaron evidencias sobre la unidimensionalidad de la escala y un alto grado de consistencia interna (wMHS-G = .879; wMHS-L = .906), además de unos índices de ajuste (CFIMHS-G = .95, CFIMHS-L = .97; RMSEAMHS-G = .064, 90% IC: .057-.071, RMSEAMHS-L = .059, 90% IC: .052-.066) y unos valores de validez externa (MHS-G y AN-T: r = .753, I.C. 95% = .722-.785; MHS-L y AN-T: r = .76. I.C. 95% = .730-.790) satisfactorios. Asimismo, sugirieron que tanto la subescala hacia hombres gais (MHS-G) como mujeres lesbianas (MHS-L) son constructos invariantes conforme a las variables estudiadas. Las conclusiones apuntan a la validez y la invariancia de medida del modelo propuesto para comparar los niveles de homonegatividad moderna entre los grupos estudiados.(AU)


The research aimed at analysing attitudes towards homosexuality recommends the use of instruments that can detect subtle aspects of dis-crimination against gay men and lesbian women. It also asserts that the measurement invariance of constructs is essential for valid comparisons between groups. The present study aims to validate the Modern Ho-monegativity Scale (MHS) in university students in the fieldof education (N= 1.283) with an age range of 17 to 49 years old (M = 2.88; SD = 3.02). In addition, we seekto examine the measurement invariance of the MHS in relation to certain sociodemographic and personal variables (e.g. gender identity), as well as ideological variables (e.g. political inclination). The re-sults provided evidence of the scale'sunidimensionality and a high degree of internal consistency (MHS-G= .879; MHS-L= .906), as well as satisfac-tory fit indices (CFIMHS-G= .95, CFIMHS-L= .97; RMSEAMHS-G= .064, 90% CI: .057-.071, RMSEAMHS-L= .059, 90% CI: .052-.066) and external validity values (MHS-G and AN-T: r= .753, CI 95% = .722-.785; MHS-L and AN-T: r= .76. CI 95% = .730-.790). They also indicated that both the subscales –towards gay men (MHS-G) and lesbian women (MHS-L) –are invariant constructs according to the variables studied. The findings point to the validity and measurement invariance of the proposed model for comparing levels of modern homonegativity between the groups studied.(AU)


Asunto(s)
Humanos , Masculino , Femenino , Adulto Joven , Adulto , Estudiantes/psicología , Homosexualidad , Homosexualidad Masculina , Homosexualidad Femenina , Minorías Sexuales y de Género , Identidad de Género , Universidades , España , Religión , Religión y Sexo , Conducta Sexual , Psicología Educacional
2.
Neurocirugía (Soc. Luso-Esp. Neurocir.) ; 35(2): 71-78, Mar-Abr. 2024. tab, graf
Artículo en Inglés | IBECS | ID: ibc-231277

RESUMEN

Introduction and objectives: Carotid cross-clamping during carotid endarterectomy might lead to intraoperative neurologic deficits, increasing stroke/death risk. If deficits are detected, carotid shunting has been recommended to reduce the risk of stroke. However, shunting may sustain a specific chance of embolic events and subsequently incurring harm. Current evidence is still questionable regarding its clear benefit. The aim is to determine whether a policy of selective shunt impacts the complication rate following an endarterectomy. Material and methods: From January 2013 to May 2021, all patients undergoing carotid endarterectomy under regional anesthesia with intraoperative neurologic alteration were retrieved. Patients submitted to selective shunt were compared to a non-shunt group. A 1:1 propensity score matching (PSM) was performed. Differences between the groups and clinical outcomes were calculated, resorting to univariate analysis. Results: Ninety-eight patients were selected, from which 23 were operated on using a shunt. After PSM, 22 non-shunt patients were compared to 22 matched shunted patients. Concerning demographics and comorbidities, both groups were comparable to pre and post-PSM, except for chronic heart failure, which was more prevalent in shunted patients (26.1%, P=0.036) in pre-PSM analysis. Regarding 30-day stroke and score Clavien–Dindo≥2, no significant association was found (P=0.730, P=0.635 and P=0.942, P=0.472, correspondingly, for pre and post-PSM). Conclusions: In this cohort, resorting to shunting did not demonstrate an advantage regarding 30-day stroke or a Clavien–Dindo≥2 rates. Nevertheless, additional more extensive studies are mandatory to achieve precise results concerning the accurate utility of carotid shunting in this subset of patients under regional anesthesia.(AU)


Introducción y objetivos: El pinzamiento carotídeo durante la endarterectomía carotídea podría provocar déficits neurológicos intraoperatorios, lo que aumenta el riesgo de accidente cerebrovascular/muerte. Si se detectan déficits, se ha recomendado la derivación carotídea para reducir el riesgo de accidente cerebrovascular. Sin embargo, la derivación puede sostener una posibilidad específica de eventos embólicos y, posteriormente, provocar daños. La evidencia actual aún es cuestionable con respecto a su claro beneficio. El objetivo es determinar si una política de derivación selectiva afecta la tasa de complicaciones después de una endarterectomía. Material y métodos: Desde enero de 2013 hasta mayo de 2021 se recuperaron todos los pacientes sometidos a endarterectomía carotídea bajo anestesia regional con alteración neurológica intraoperatoria. Los pacientes sometidos a derivación selectiva se compararon con un grupo sin derivación. Se realizó una coincidencia de puntuación de propensión (PSM) 1:1. Se calcularon las diferencias entre los grupos y los resultados clínicos recurriendo al análisis univariado. Resultados: Se seleccionaron 98 pacientes, de los cuales 23 fueron intervenidos mediante derivación. Después de la PSM se compararon 22 pacientes sin derivación con 22 pacientes emparejados con derivación. Con respecto a la demografía y las comorbilidades, ambos grupos fueron comparables a los de antes y después de la PSM, excepto por la insuficiencia cardíaca crónica, que fue más prevalente en los pacientes con derivación (26,1%, p=0,036) en el análisis previo a la PSM. En cuanto al accidente cerebrovascular a los 30 días y la puntuación de Clavien-Dindo≥2, no se encontró asociación significativa (p=0,730, p=0,635 y p=0,942, p=0,472, correspondientemente, para pre y post-PSM). Conclusiones: En esta cohorte recurrir a la derivación no demostró una ventaja con respecto a las tasas de ictus a los 30 días o Clavien-Dindo≥2...(AU)


Asunto(s)
Humanos , Masculino , Femenino , Endarterectomía Carotidea , Anestesia de Conducción , Complicaciones Posoperatorias , Cuidados Intraoperatorios
3.
Fisioterapia (Madr., Ed. impr.) ; 46(2): 68-75, mar.-abr2024. tab, graf
Artículo en Español | IBECS | ID: ibc-231437

RESUMEN

Objetivos: Explorar las actitudes de los fisioterapeutas de Puerto Rico: 1) hacia el acceso directo (AD), 2) las implicaciones para la profesión, la práctica y los servicios de salud, y 3) la implementación del AD a través de un cambio en política pública. Métodos: El diseño fue exploratorio transversal, no experimental y con un enfoque cuantitativo. Los participantes eran fisioterapeutas con licencia vigente, mayores de 21 años de edad, con cualquier grado académico en fisioterapia y que actualmente ejercen la práctica en Puerto Rico. Fueron excluidos fisioterapeutas sin experiencia clínica, que estaban completando un grado doctoral transicional o con experiencia ejerciendo con AD. Para abordar los objetivos de investigación, se construyó un cuestionario, cuyo contenido fue validado por 4 fisioterapeutas expertos utilizando el modelo de Lawshe modificado por Tristán. Resultados: Participaron de este estudio 100 fisioterapeutas. El 96% de los participantes estuvo de acuerdo con la implementación del AD en Puerto Rico. El 83% indicó estar preparado para ejercer la profesión por AD. El 55% entienden que fisioterapeutas con grado doctoral están más preparados para ejercer por AD. El 59% indicó que el AD debe estar restringido por nivel educativo y/o experiencia. Conclusión: La actitud de los fisioterapeutas en Puerto Rico respecto al AD resultó ser favorable, independientemente del grado académico, ya que están a favor con incorporar el AD a la fisioterapia, se sienten preparados para ejercer por AD y consideran el AD beneficioso para los pacientes, la práctica y la profesión. (AU)


Objectives: To explore the attitudes of physiotherapists in Puerto Rico: (1) towards direct access (DA), (2) the implications for the profession, practice, and health services, and (3) the implementation of DA through a change in public policy. Methods: The design was cross-sectional exploratory, non-experimental, and quantitative in nature. Participants were licensed physiotherapists, over 21 years old, with any academic degree in physiotherapy, currently practicing in Puerto Rico. Physiotherapists without clinical experience, those completing a transitional doctoral degree, or with experience practicing with DA were excluded. To address the research objectives, a questionnaire was constructed, whose content was validated by 4 expert physiotherapists using the Lawshe model modified by Tristán. Results: One hundred physiotherapists participated in this study. 96% of participants agreed with the implementation of DA in Puerto Rico. However, only 83% indicated being prepared to practice the profession through DA. 55% understood that physiotherapists with doctoral degrees were better prepared to practice through DA. 59% indicated that DA should be restricted based on educational level and/or experience. Conclusion: The attitude of physiotherapists in Puerto Rico towards DA was favorable regardless of academic degree. They are in favor of incorporating DA into physiotherapy, feel prepared to practice through DA, and consider it beneficial for patients, practice, and the profession. (AU)


Asunto(s)
Humanos , Fisioterapeutas , Actitud/etnología , Política Pública , Derivación y Consulta , Autonomía Profesional , Servicios de Salud , Puerto Rico , Estudios Transversales
4.
Multimedia | Recursos Multimedia | ID: multimedia-12943

RESUMEN

O Mapa de Evidências de Má-nutrição e Intervenções na APS é uma parceria entre a Coordenação-Geral de Alimentação e Nutrição do Ministério da Saúde do Brasil (CGAN/DEPROS/SAPS/MS) e a Organização Pan-Americana da Saúde (OPAS/OMS). Os Mapas de evidências apresentam uma visão geral das avaliações de impacto e revisões sistemáticas em um setor ou área, que são mapeados em uma estrutura por tipo de programa avaliado (a intervenção) e resultados medidos, destacando graficamente as lacunas, onde poucas ou nenhuma revisão ou avaliação de impacto existe e onde há uma concentração de evidência.


Asunto(s)
Práctica Clínica Basada en la Evidencia , Política Nutricional , Gestión de la Información en Salud , Conducta Alimentaria , Atención Primaria de Salud
5.
Multimedia | Recursos Multimedia | ID: multimedia-12944

RESUMEN

El Mapa de Evidencias de Malnutrición e Intervenciones en la Atención Primaria de Salud es una colaboración entre la Coordinación General de Alimentación y Nutrición del Ministerio de Salud de Brasil (CGAN/DEPROS/SAPS/MS) y la Organización Panamericana de la Salud (OPS/OMS). Los Mapas de Evidencias proporcionan una visión general de las evaluaciones de impacto y revisiones sistemáticas en un sector o área, que se organizan en una estructura por tipo de programa evaluado (la intervención) y resultados medidos, destacando gráficamente las brechas, donde hay pocas o ninguna revisión o evaluación de impacto, y donde existe una concentración de evidencia.


Asunto(s)
Práctica Clínica Basada en la Evidencia , Política Nutricional , Atención Primaria de Salud , Gestión de la Información en Salud
6.
Multimedia | Recursos Multimedia | ID: multimedia-12945

RESUMEN

The Map of Evidence on Malnutrition and Interventions in Primary Health Care is a partnership between the General Coordination of Food and Nutrition of the Brazilian Ministry of Health (CGAN/DEPROS/SAPS/MS) and the Pan American Health Organization (PAHO/WHO). The Evidence Maps provide an overview of impact assessments and systematic reviews in a sector or area, which are mapped onto a framework by type of program evaluated (the intervention) and measured outcomes, graphically highlighting gaps, where few or no reviews or impact assessments exist, and where there is a concentration of evidence.


Asunto(s)
Atención Primaria de Salud , Práctica Clínica Basada en la Evidencia , Política Nutricional , Gestión de la Información en Salud
7.
Multimedia | Recursos Multimedia | ID: multimedia-12946

RESUMEN

A Vitrine do Conhecimento de Alimentação e Nutrição em Saúde Pública é uma parceria entre a Coordenação-Geral de Alimentação e Nutrição do Ministério da Saúde do Brasil (CGAN/DEPROS/SAPS/MS) e a Organização Pan-Americana da Saúde (OPAS/OMS).


Asunto(s)
Política Nutricional , Gestión de la Información en Salud , Bibliotecas Digitales
8.
Multimedia | Recursos Multimedia | ID: multimedia-12947

RESUMEN

La Vitrina del Conocimiento de Alimentación y Nutrición en Salud Pública es una colaboración entre la Coordinación General de Alimentación y Nutrición del Ministerio de Salud de Brasil (CGAN/DEPROS/SAPS/MS) y la Organización Panamericana de la Salud (OPS/OMS).


Asunto(s)
Bibliotecas Digitales , Política Nutricional , Gestión de la Información en Salud
9.
Multimedia | Recursos Multimedia | ID: multimedia-12948

RESUMEN

The Knowledge Showcase on Food and Nutrition in Public Health is a partnership between the General Coordination of Food and Nutrition of the Ministry of Health of Brazil (CGAN/DEPROS/SAPS/MS) and the Pan American Health Organization (PAHO/WHO).


Asunto(s)
Política Nutricional , Bibliotecas Digitales , Gestión de la Información en Salud
10.
Multimedia | Recursos Multimedia | ID: multimedia-12935

RESUMEN

Encontro com as Especialistas Zeni Lamy, médica neonatologista da UFMA e Coordenadora Nacional do Método Canguru; Zaira Custódio, psicóloga do Hospital Universitário da UFSC e consultora do Método Canguru; e Roberta Albuquerque, médica neonatologista do Hospital Universitário Materno Infantil da UFMA e consultora do Método Canguru.


Asunto(s)
Método Madre-Canguro , Cuidado del Lactante , Atención Primaria de Salud , Cuidado Intensivo Neonatal , Política de Salud
11.
J Health Organ Manag ; ahead-of-print(ahead-of-print)2024 Mar 04.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38436384

RESUMEN

PURPOSE: Decentralization has profound implications for many health systems. This study investigates the effect of health system decentralization in Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) countries on public health security capacity and health service satisfaction. DESIGN/METHODOLOGY/APPROACH: Multiple linear regression analyses were employed for variables related to the level of health security capacity and satisfaction with the healthcare system while controlling for all socio-demographic variables from the European Social Survey, including over 44,000 respondents from 25 OECD countries. The Health Systems in Transition series of countries were used for assessing the decentralization level. FINDINGS: The result of multiple linear regression analyses showed that the level of decentralization in health systems was significantly associated with higher health security capacity (ß-coefficient 3.722, 95% confidence interval (CI) [3.536 3.908]; p=<0.001) and health service satisfaction (ß-coefficient 1.463, 95% CI [1.389 1.536]; p=<0.001) in the study. Countries with a higher level of decentralization in health policy tasks and areas were significantly likely to have higher health services satisfaction, whereas this satisfaction had a significant negative relation with the lower level of decentralization status of secondary/tertiary care services in OECD countries (ß-coefficient -5.250, 95% CI [-5.757-4.743]; p = 0.001). ORIGINALITY/VALUE: This study contributes to a better understanding of the extent to which decentralization of health services affects public health safety capacity and satisfaction with health services, whereas the level of decentralization in OECD countries varies considerably. Overall, the findings highlight the importance of public health security and satisfaction with health care delivery in assessing the effects of decentralization in health services.


Asunto(s)
Organización para la Cooperación y el Desarrollo Económico , Salud Pública , Servicios de Salud , Atención a la Salud , Política
12.
Vet Rec ; 194(5): i-ii, 2024 Mar 02.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38427411

RESUMEN

Vet and parliamentary intern to Lord Trees Fiona Shuttleworth discusses proposed implementation of trade partnerships and how animal welfare must be considered in both import and export agreements.


Asunto(s)
Internado y Residencia , Política , Animales , Legislación Veterinaria , Bienestar del Animal , Comercio
13.
Vet Rec ; 194(5): 168-169, 2024 Mar 02.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38427436

Asunto(s)
Política , Animales
16.
PLoS One ; 19(3): e0300113, 2024.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38466687

RESUMEN

This work demonstrates how a simulation of political discourse can be formulated using variables of the agents' behaviors in a simulation, as thermodynamic variables. With these relations the methodology provides an approach to create a correspondence between the variables of an agent based social system and those of a thermodynamic system. Extended from this observation, diagrams akin to a P-V diagram for gases can be created for this social system. The basic thermodynamic variables of temperature, pressure and volume are defined from a system of agents with political and non-political actions engaged in simulated political discourse. An equation of state is defined for the simulated political phenomenon. Through this equation of state the full thermodynamic map of the system is presented under a P-V diagram with isothermal and isentropic lines, which is able to represent the political situation of the system at each point of time. The classic election cycle that takes place can be represented on this thermodynamic map (corresponding to an Otto cycle). This provides a possibility for researching macroscopic social cycles as a thermodynamic/informational cycle as the traces on the thermodynamic map show similarities to an Otto cycle. Such a formulation reinforces the endeavours of social physics to view social phenomena with physical principles.


Asunto(s)
Física , Política , Termodinámica , Temperatura , Simulación por Computador
17.
PLoS One ; 19(3): e0300343, 2024.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38466734

RESUMEN

The purpose of this study is to explore the impact of GDP per capita income (GDPPCI), unemployment, higher education (HE), and economic growth (EG) on migration in Sri Lanka. Numerous global and local studies have explored the influence of macroeconomic and socioeconomic factors on migration. In the Sri Lankan context, fewer studies have probed the impact of GDPPCI, unemployment, HE, and EG on migration, particularly concerning brain drain and domestic labour market pressure. An applied research methodology was adopted, utilising annual data from 1986 to 2022. The statistical data were sourced from reports by the Sri Lanka Bureau of Foreign Employment (SLBFE), the Central Bank of Sri Lanka (CBSL), Labor Force Survey Data from the Department of Census and Statistics (LFSDCS), and University Grants Commissions (UGC). This study utilised the Vector Error Correlation model (VECM), Vector Auto-regression (VAR), and Granger Causality test through STATA. The empirical findings of the VAR model highlighted that GDPPCI and EG negatively impact migration, whereas unemployment and HE positively affect migration. The study's implications demonstrated that GDPPCI, unemployment, HE, and EG were the primary factors influencing the country's migration decisions. These findings will hopefully inform and guide the Sri Lankan government and policymakers for more effective decision-making.


Asunto(s)
Emigración e Inmigración , Humanos , Demografía , Dinámica Poblacional , Sri Lanka , Factores Socioeconómicos , Economía , Países en Desarrollo
18.
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A ; 121(12): e2306771121, 2024 Mar 19.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38466846

RESUMEN

Addressing the total energy cost burden of elderly people is essential for designing equitable and effective energy policies, especially in responding to energy crisis in an aging society. It is due to the double impact of energy price hikes on households-through direct impact on fuel bills and indirect impact on the prices of goods and services consumed. However, while examining the household energy cost burden of the elderly, their indirect energy consumption and associated cost burden remain poorly understood. This study quantifies and compares the direct and indirect energy footprints and associated total energy cost burdens for different age groups across 31 developed countries. It reveals that the elderly have larger per capita energy footprints, resulting from higher levels of both direct and indirect energy consumption compared with the younger age groups. More importantly, the elderly, especially the low-income elderly, have a higher total energy cost burden rate. As the share of elderly in the total population rapidly grows in these countries, the larger per capita energy footprint and associated cost burden rate of elderly people would make these aging countries more vulnerable in times of energy crises. It is therefore crucial to develop policies that aim to reduce energy consumption and costs, improve energy efficiency, and support low-income elderly populations. Such policies are necessary to reduce the vulnerability of these aging countries to the energy crisis.


Asunto(s)
Composición Familiar , Pobreza , Humanos , Anciano , Países Desarrollados , Envejecimiento , Política Pública
19.
Glob Public Health ; 19(1): 2326631, 2024 Jan.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38468161

RESUMEN

This special issue aims to help fill two critical gaps in the growing literature as well as in practice. First, to bring together scholars and practitioners from around the world who develop, practice, review, and question structural competency with the aim of promoting a dialogue with related approaches, such as Latin American Social Medicine, Collective Health, and others, which have been key in diverse geographical and social settings. Second, to contribute to expanding structural competency beyond clinical medicine to include other health-related areas such as social work, global health, public health practice, epidemiological research, health policy, community organisation and beyond. This conceptual expansion is currently taking place in structural competency, and we hope that this volume will help to raise awareness and reinforce what is already happening. In sum, this collection of articles puts structural competency more rigorously and actively in conversation with different geographic, political, social, and professional contexts worldwide. We hope this conversation sparks further development in scholarly, political and community movements for social and health justice.


Asunto(s)
Política de Salud , Medicina Social , Humanos , Salud Global
20.
Front Public Health ; 12: 1356652, 2024.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38469268

RESUMEN

Introduction: The article analyzed homeless people's (HP) access to health and social protection policies and tailored inter-sector care, including emergency measures, during the COVID-19 pandemic in Belo Horizonte (BH), capital of Minas Gerais state, Brazil. It intended to provide data on HP and evaluate existing public policies focused on vulnerable populations during this health emergency. Methods: The study adopted a mixed-methods design with triangulation of quantitative and qualitative data. Results: Social cartography showed that in the early months of the pandemic, the health administration had difficulty reordering the health system, which experienced constant updates in the protocols but was nevertheless consolidated over the months. The evidence collected in the study showed that important emergency interventions in the municipality of BH involved activities that facilitated access by HP to the supply of services. Discussion: The existence of national guidelines for inter-sector care for HP cannot be ruled out as a positive influence, although the municipalities are responsible for their implementation. Significantly, a health emergency was necessary to intensify the relationship between health and social protection services. Roving services were among those with the greatest positive evidence, with the least need for infrastructure to be replicated at the local level. In addition, the temporary supply of various inter-sector services, simultaneously with the provision of day shelters by organized civil society, was considered a key factor for expanding and intensifying networks of care for HP during the emergency phase. A plan exists to continue and expand this model in the future. The study concluded that understanding the inter-sector variables that impact HP contributes to better targeting of investments in interventions that work at the root causes of these issues or that increase the effectiveness of health and social protection systems.


Asunto(s)
COVID-19 , Humanos , COVID-19/prevención & control , Pandemias , Política Pública , Servicio Social , Brasil/epidemiología
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