3-4 Cycles versus 6 Cycles Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy in Advanced-Stage Epithelial Ovarian Cancer: Survival Is Not Determined by the Number of Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy Cycles.

INTRODUCTION: The aim of this study was to compare the disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) of patients who underwent interval cytoreductive surgery after 3-4 cycles or 6 cycles of neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT) in advanced epithelial ovarian cancer patients. METHODS: Out of 219 patients with advanced epithelial ovarian cancer, 123 patients received 3-4 cycles and 96 patients received 6 cycles of platinum-based NACT. Afterward, laparotomy was performed for interval cytoreductive surgery. RESULTS: No statistically significant difference was found for DFS and OS of the patients who received 3-4 cycles and those who received 6 cycles of NACT (HR: 1.047, 95.0% CI [0.779-1.407]; p: 0.746 for DFS, and HR: 1.181, 95.0% CI [0.818-1.707]; p: 0.368 for OS). Evaluating 123 patients who received 3-4 cycles of NACT, 87 patients (70.7%) without macroscopic residual tumor after interval cytoreductive surgery had significantly longer DFS and OS compared to 36 patients (29.3%) with any residual tumor (HR: 1.830, 95.0% CI [1.194-2.806]; p: 0.003 for DFS, and HR: 1.946, 95.0% CI [1.166-3.250]; p: 0.009 for OS). 96 patients who received 6 courses of NACT were evaluated; 63 patients (65.6%) without macroscopic residual tumor after interval cytoreductive surgery had significantly longer DFS and OS than 33 patients (34.4%) with any residual tumor (HR: 1.716, 9 5.0% CI [1.092-2.697]; p: 0.010 for DFS, and HR: 1.921, 95.0% CI [1.125-3.282]; p: 0.013 for OS). CONCLUSION: In patients with advanced ovarian cancer, there is no significant difference in DFS and OS between 3 and 4 cycles or 6 cycles of NACT. The most important factor determining survival is whether macroscopic residual tumor tissue remains after interval cytoreductive surgery following NACT.

Associations of semen quality with pyrethroids in semen and urine samples of men with oligozoospermia: A cross-sectional study in Samsun, Turkey.

Pyrethroids (PYRs) may act as endocrine disrupters and lead to infertility. The aim of the study was to analyze the levels of anti-androgenic PYRs (cypermethrin, deltamethrin, and permethrin) and 3-phenoxy benzoic acid (3-PBA), a general metabolite of PYRs, in both semen and urine samples of men with oligozoospermia. The PYRs and 3-PBA metabolite levels in the semen and urine samples of the men were analyzed through GC-MS. The results indicated that the levels of PYRs in the semen samples of the infertile group were significantly higher than those of the fertile group. It was determined that cypermethrin exposure was associated with changes in sperm count and total sperm motility, while permethrin, deltamethrin, and 3-PBA levels were associated with changes in sperm morphology. It was determined that there was a significant negative correlation between semen deltamethrin levels and sperm morphology and sperm count. In addition, exposure of these patients to deltamethrin (range; 1.53-8.02 µg/l) and having farmer parents were determined to increase the risk of infertility. In conclusion, the findings of this study showed that exposure to environmental PYRs may adversely affect semen quality, especially in terms of sperm morphology, in men with oligozoospermia.

A potential role of Sirtuin3 and its target enzyme activities in patients with ovarian endometrioma.

OBJECTIVE: Sirtuin3 (SIRT3) is a NAD+-dependent major mitochondrial deacetylase. In this study, we aimed to investigate SIRT3 levels and their target enzyme activities, including glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH), succinate dehydrogenase (SDH), and manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD), also to determine the antioxidant capacity and oxidative stress in tissue, mitochondria and serum samples in ovarian endometrioma patients. METHODS: We collected serum and endometrioma tissue samples from 30 patients. In the control group, we collected serum and eutopic endometrial tissue samples from 26 women without endometriosis. RESULTS: SIRT3 levels were significantly decreased in endometrioma tissue samples compared to the control group. There was no statistically significant difference in SIRT3 levels between patient and control serum samples. Furthermore, there was a decrease in GDH and SDH enzyme activities in both endometrioma tissue homogenate and mitochondria. MnSOD activity was decreased in tissue homogenate but increased in mitochondria and there was no difference in serum. While total SOD activity was decreased, CuZnSOD activity was increased in both tissue and serum samples. Besides these, total antioxidant capacity and advanced oxidation protein products (AOPP) levels were decreased in endometrioma tissue and mitochondria, but there was no difference in serum. CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggested that decreased levels of SIRT3 in endometrioma may be an important factor in the weakening of mitochondrial energy metabolism and antioxidant defense in endometriosis. We think that SIRT3 deficiency may be an important factor underlying the pathogenesis of endometriosis. More detailed studies are needed to reveal the relationship between SIRT3 and metabolism and oxidative stress in ovarian endometrioma.

The relationship between maternal and umbilical cord adropin levels with the presence and severity of preeclampsia.

AIM: To investigate both maternal and umbilical cord adropin levels in patients with preeclampsia and the possible relations with its severity and perinatal outcomes. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this study, a total of 38 preeclamptic and 40 age-matched healthy pregnant women between January and June 2016 were included. Serum and cord adropin levels were measured using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). RESULTS: The maternal and umbilical cord adropin levels were significantly lower in the preeclamptic group compared to controls [71.19±22.21 vs. 100.76±27.02 ng/L and 92.39 (59.77:129.89) vs. 106.20 (74.42:208.02) ng/L, P<0.001, respectively]. While maternal adropin levels were significantly lower in the severe preeclampsia group as compared to the mild preeclamptic group [66.45 (21.49:98.02) vs. 76.17 (58.06:109.58), P=0.007], umbilical cord adropin levels did not differ between each group [91.32 (59.77:113.34) vs. 92.87 (63.12:129.89), P=0.750]. Maternal adropin level was negatively correlated with systolic and diastolic blood pressures (r=-0.60, P<0.001 and r=-0.58, P<0.001, respectively) and positively correlated with platelet count (r=0.27, P=0.016). Moreover, umbilical cord adropin levels were weakly correlated with gestational age at delivery (r=0.28, P=0.012) and birth weight (r=0.28, P=0.014). CONCLUSION: The present study is the first to demonstrate a significant association between maternal and umbilical adropin levels and the presence and severity of preeclampsia. Adropin might be a useful parameter for predicting the presence and severity of preeclampsia.

Usefulness of Serum Procalcitonin Levels in Predicting Tubo-Ovarian Abscess in Patients with Acute Pelvic Inflammatory Disease.

We aimed to investigate the clinical importance of serum procalcitonin (PCT) levels in the diagnosis of tubo-ovarian abscess (TOA). Patients diagnosed with pelvic inflammatory disease (PID; n = 36) and patients diagnosed with TOA (n = 42) were included in the study. Sociodemographic characteristics, laboratory and clinical parameters were compared between the 2 groups. Mean PCT level was higher in the TOA group (p = 0.004). Mean length of stay in hospital was longer in patients with TOA (p < 0.001). White blood cell count, neutrophil count, percentage of neutrophils and C-reactive protein levels were higher than normal limits in all patients; however, no differences in these parameters were observed between the groups. A cutoff level of 0.330 ng/ml for PCT revealed 62% sensitivity and 75% specificity in predicting TOA. Serum PCT is a promising inexpensive marker for the diagnosis of TOA in PID patients.

Iodine status of pregnant women in a metropolitan city which proved to be an iodine-sufficient area. Is mandatory salt iodisation enough for pregnant women?

The objective of this study was to assess the iodine status of pregnant women in a metropolitan city which was stated as iodine sufficient area after salt iodination program. This multicenter, cross-sectional study was carried out on 3543 pregnant women. Age, gestational weeks, smoking, consumption of iodized salt, dietary salt restriction, history of stillbirth, abortus and congenital malformations were questioned. Spot urine samples were analyzed for urine iodine concentration (UIC). The outcomes were: (a) median UIC in three trimesters of pregnancy and (b) frequency of ID among pregnant women. The median UIC was 73 µg/L. The median UIC was 77 µg/L (1-324), 73 µg/L (1-600) and 70 µg/L (1-1650) in three trimesters of pregnancy, respectively (p: 0.14). UIC <50 µg/L was observed in 36.6% (n: 1295) and UIC<150 µg/L was observed in 90.7% (n: 3214) of pregnant women. Only 1% (n: 34) of the pregnant women had UIC levels higher than 500 µg/L. This study showed that more than 90% of the pregnant women in this iodine-sufficient city are facing some degree of iodine deficiency during their pregnancy. A salt iodization program might be satisfactory for the non-pregnant population, but it seems to be insufficient for the pregnant population.

Serum endocan concentration in women with pre-eclampsia.

PURPOSE: To investigate serum endocan levels in pregnant subjects with and without pre-eclampsia. METHODS: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 49 pregnant women with pre-eclampsia and 32 healthy pregnant women matched for gestational age. Maternal levels of serum endocan were measured with the use of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kit. RESULTS: Mean endocan levels were not significantly different among groups (10.7 ± 4.5 vs. 10.3 ± 3.2 ng/mL, p 0.763). Mean uterine artery PI and RI were higher in the pre-eclampsia group (p < 0.001, p < 0.001). Mean endocan levels were negatively correlated with BMI at the time of blood sampling (r = -0.247, p = 0.044). There was no correlations between mean endocan levels and all the others parameters. CONCLUSION: These findings suggest that the role of endocan in the pathogenesis of pre-eclampsia was not related to pre-eclampsia; hence, further studies are needed to investigate the role of endocan in the pathogenesis of pre-eclampsia.

The association of lectin-like oxidized LDL receptor 1 (LOX-1) K167N and 3'UTR188CT polymorphisms with maternal plasma soluble LOX-1 levels and preeclampsia risk in Turkish population.

PURPOSE: To investigate the main effect of polymorphisms in genes involved in endothelial pathophysiological mechanisms, LOX-1 K167N and 3'UTR188CT single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in relation to preeclampsia (PE) risk and possible interactions between the gene polymorphisms and plasma oxLDL and soluble LOX-1 (sLOX-1) levels on PE in Turkish population. METHODS: LOX-1 K167N and 3'UTR188CT polymorphisms were studied in 113 pregnant women with preeclampsia and 96 healthy pregnant women by the PCR-RFLP techniques. sLOX-1 and oxLDL levels were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in all study subjects. RESULTS: Patients having LOX-1 3'UTR188CT (OR 3.55, 95% CI 1.89-6.67, P = 0.001) or 3'UTR188CC (OR 3.04, 95% CI 1.25-7.38, P = 0.012) genotype had a significantly higher risk of PE than those with 3'UTR188TT genotype. Also, patients having K167N KK (OR 2.73, 95% CI 1.33-5.61, P = 0.005) genotype had a significantly higher risk of PE than those with K167N NN genotype. LOX-1 3'UTR188TT and LOX-1 K167N NN genotype carriers were associated with significantly increased serum sLOX-1 level (P = 0.001). We further investigated the potential combined effect of these polymorphic variants on risk of PE development. According to the combined genotype analysis of LOX-1 3'UTR188TT and K167N NN polymorphisms, sLOX-1 and oxLDL levels also showed significant differences between PE patients and controls with or without combined TT/NN genotype carriers. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings indicate that higher plasma sLOX-1 and oxLDL concentrations, and the LOX-1 3'UTR188C>T and LOX-1 K167N gene polymorphisms were significantly associated with risk of developing preeclampsia. Plasma sLOX-1 may be a potential therapeutic target in the treatment of preeclampsia.

Serum YKL-40 levels are altered in endometriosis.

Endometriosis is traditionally defined as the presence of endometrial glands and stroma in ectopic locations, especially the pelvic peritoneum, ovaries and rectovaginal septum. YKL-40, a new biomarker of inflammation, is secreted by activated macrophages and neutrophils in different tissues with inflammation. Serum concentrations of YKL-40 are elevated in patients with diseases characterized by inflammation. We aimed to investigate the possible association between serum YKL-40 levels and endometriosis. A total number of 88 women were recruited for this case-control study. About 53 patients with surgically proven endometriosis were included, while 35 patients without endometriosis comprised the control group. Patients were classified as having minimal, mild, moderate and severe disease in accordance with the severity. Two new groups were formed by combining patients with minimal and mild disease (Stage 1-2) and with moderate and severe disease (Stage 3-4). Serum YKL-40 levels were statistically higher in the endometriotic group compared to control group (p:0.001). YKL-40 levels were significantly higher in Stage 3-4 group compared to Stage 1-2 group (p values 0.001) as well. Correlation analysis revealed a positive correlation between serum YKL-40 levels and the stage of the disease. YKL-40 may be utilized as a marker for determining the severity of endometriosis.

Evaluation of ovarian reserve in Hashimoto's thyroiditis.

Human ovary is commonly the target of an autoimmune attack in cases of organ- or non-organ-specific autoimmune disorders. Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT) is likely to be associated with ovarian dysfunction and diminished ovarian reserve. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the possible negative association between this significantly prevalent autoimmune disease and the ovarian reserve. Thirty-two premenopausal women with primary hypothyroidism, who under replacement therapy with thyroxine were recruited. Forty-nine healthy female subjects who had normal anti-thyroid antibody levels and were comparable with the HT group in terms of age and BMI values, comprised the control group. There was no statistically significant difference between the study and the control patients in terms of antral follicle count. Serum anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) levels were significantly higher in woman with HT compared to the control group. The results of this study found no impairment in ovarian reserve parameters of patients with HT. Interestingly, the results revealed a significant increase in serum AMH levels of the patients with HT compared to controls. Hashimoto's thyroiditis may share a common etiologic linkage with polycystic ovary syndrome; therefore, leading to elevated serum AMH levels, which we are currently unable to define elaborately.

Anti-müllerian hormone levels as a predictor of the pregnancy rate in women of advanced reproductive age.

PURPOSE: To investigate whether serum anti-müllerian hormone (AMH), follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), or antral follicle count (AFC) are predictive for clinical pregnancy in women who underwent IVF cycles at the age of 35 and older METHODS: A total of 240 consecutive women who underwent IVF cycles at the age of 35 and older were enrolled in this crsoss- sectional study. Pregnant and nonpregnant women were compared. RESULTS: The median AMH level of pregnant women was higher than non-pregnant women [3.20 (0.63-9.60) vs 1.15 (0.01-14.90) ng/ml, p < 0.001]. On logistic regression analysis, AMH was an independent predictor of clinical pregnancy rate (CPR) (OR 1.353; 95 % CI 1.141-1.605; P < 0.001). After controlling for the other independent variables (the number of retrieved oocytes, AFC and age), the significant association between AMH and clinical pregnancy rate remained strong (OR 1.677; 95 % CI 1.216-2.311; p = 0.002) on multivariate logistic regression analysis. CONCLUSIONS: AMH is an effective measure of quantitative ovarian reserve and it can predict ovarian response to controlled stimulation for advanced age women. The CPR tends to increase as AMH increases.

Copeptin is associated with the severity of endometriosis.

PURPOSE: Endometriosis is defined as the presence of endometrial glands and stroma in ectopic locations and may be associated with local and systemic inflammatory processes. Copeptin is elevated in acute and chronic inflammation conditions. The aim of the present study was to determine whether serum copeptin levels were altered in women with endometriosis and played a role in the pathophysiology of the disease. METHODS: A total of 86 women were recruited for this case-control study. 50 patients with surgically proven endometriosis were included, while 36 patients without endometriosis comprised the control group. Patients were classified as having minimal, mild, moderate and severe disease in accordance with American Society of Reproductive Medicine revised classification. Two subgroups were formed by combining patients with minimal and mild disease and with moderate and severe disease (Stage 1-2, stage 3-4; respectively). Levels of copeptin, tumor markers (CA-125, CA-19-9, CA-15-3) and C-reactive protein in serum were measured. RESULTS: Serum copeptin, CA-125, CA-15-3 and CA-19-9 levels were higher in the endometriosis group (p: 0.002; 0.001; 0.017; 0.015; respectively). Copeptin and CA-19-9 levels were significantly higher in stage 3-4 group as compared to stage 1-2 group (p: 0.004; 0.036 respectively). Serum copeptin levels were positively correlated with stage of the disease and size of endometriomas. ROC analysis revealed that CA-125 had the highest AUC for predicting endometriosis (0.938; 95 % confidence interval 0.882-0.993; p: 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Serum copeptin levels were significantly higher in patients with endometriosis as compared to healthy controls. Moreover, severity of the disease was correlated with serum copeptin levels.

The effect of simvastatin and erythropoietin on renal fibrosis in rats with unilateral ureteral obstruction.

Prevention of fibrosis is a very important therapeutic strategy in the treatment of obstructive nephropathy (ON). The aim of this study is to show and compare the actions of Simvastatin (Simv) and Erythropoietin (Epo) in renal expression of nuclear factor kappa B (NFκB), transforming growth factor-ß (TGF-ß), basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), platelet-derived growth factor B (PDGF-B), fibronectin and development of interstitial fibrosis in rats with unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO). A total of 48 Sprague-Dawley rats were allocated to 4 groups of sham, Epo, Simv and control. Unilateral ureteral ligation was performed on all rats except the Sham group. For interstitial fibrosis Masson's trichrome stain and for the expression of TGF-ß, PDGF-B, bFGF, NFκB and fibronectin, immunohistochemical methods were used. In the Epo and Simv groups, expression of TGF-ß and fibronectin and staining with Masson's trichrome were less compared to the control group. In addition, fibronectin expression in the Epo group was less than the Simv group. Unlike the Simv group, NFκB and bFGF expression in the Epo group were less when compared to the control group. Consequently, it was seen that both Epo and Simv prevented fibrosis in ON. Epo was superior in this effect by suppressing the expressions of NFκB and bFGF more effectively than Simv. Based on this finding, Epo might be a better agent than Simv in the prevention of fibrosis in ON.

Evaluation of serum levels of soluble vascular endothelial (sVE)-Cadherin in early- and late-onset preeclampsia serum sVE-Cadherin levels in preeclampsia.

OBJECTIVE: Endothelial dysfunction is a major feature of preeclampsia. sVE-cadherin plays a role in the preservation and regulation of the endothelial barrier. For that reason, to evaluation of sVE-cadherin may help elucidate the disease pathophysiology of preeclampsia. METHODS: The sample size was calculated as a minimum of 46 pregnant women for each group based on serum sVE-Cadherin levels in a pilot study of 10 preeclamptic and 10 control groups. Hundred-twenty pregnancies complicated with early-onset (n = 60) and late-onset (n = 60) preeclampsia were compared with 120 gestational-age (GA)-matched (±1 week) uncomplicated pregnancies. The venous blood sampling was performed upon preeclampsia diagnosis prior to the onset of the labor in the preeclampsia group and the matching (±1 week) pregnancy week in the control group. Demographic and biochemical parameters were evaluated. RESULTS: Mean serum sVE-Cadherin was significantly higher in women with EOPE compared to that of the GA-matched control group (5.86 ± 1.57 ng/mL vs. 2.28 ± 0.80 ng/mL, p < 0.001), in women with LOPE compared to that of the GA-matched control group (3.11 ± 0.97 ng/mL vs. 1.69 ± 0.87 ng/mL, p < 0.001), and in women with EOPE compared to that of LOPE group (5.86 ± 1.57 ng/mL vs. 3.11 ± 0.97 ng/mL, p < 0.001) after correction for GA. Serum sVE-Cadherin positively correlated with systolic and diastolic blood pressure and a negative correlation with gestational age at sampling. CONCLUSION: The serum level of sVE-Cadherin was higher in women with preeclampsia than that of GA-matched healthy pregnant women, in women with EOPE compared to that of LOPE. sVE-Cadherin is an important marker in early-onset pre-eclampsia with severe clinical findings.

Copeptin concentrations are not elevated in gestational diabetes mellitus.

PURPOSE: To investigate copeptin levels in women with GDM and women with uncomplicated pregnancies. METHODS: This case-control study was conducted on 45 women with GDM and 40 women with uncomplicated pregnancies. The maternal serum levels of copeptin were measured with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS: Copeptin levels were not different among groups (0.93 ± 0.75 vs. 1.15 ± 0.93 ng/ml, p: 0.24). HOMA-IR and insulin levels were significantly higher in woman with GDM when compared with control group (2.90 ± 1.88 vs. 1.91 ± 0.50, p: 0.002; 11.74 ± 6.43 vs. 8.52 ± 2.28, p: 0.004, respectively). The copeptin concentrations were significantly correlated with insulin levels and HOMA-IR values (r = 0.329 p = 0.002, r = 0.289 p = 0.007, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: The present study shows that serum copeptin concentrations did not differ in woman with GDM and non-GDM patients. However, we found a significant correlation between copeptin and HOMA-IR. Future studies are needed with larger populations in gestational diabetic patients on copeptin secretion, metabolism and action.

Can first-trimester aspartate aminotransferase/platelet ratio index score predict intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy?

Background and Aim: The study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and platelet values in predicting intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy (ICP) in the first trimester, together with the aspartate aminotransferase/platelet ratio index (APRI) score. Materials and Methods: This study consisted of a patient group diagnosed with ICP (n=49) and a control group (n=62). Laboratory tests of both groups were analyzed retrospectively. Results: The first-trimester APRI score and AST and ALT values were found to be statistically significantly higher than those of the control group. The platelet value was found to be statistically significantly lower in the study group, even though it was within the normal reference range. Conclusion: The first-trimester APRI score was found to be effective in predicting ICP. In addition, the first-trimester AST, ALT, and platelet values were found to be effective in predicting ICP diagnosed in the third trimester even though if not as much as the APRI score.

Postoperative Pulmonary Complications after Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy Under Spinal Anesthesia.

PURPOSE: To evaluate risk factors and outcomes of Pulmonary Complications (PCs) in Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy (PCNL) under Spinal anesthesia (SA). MATERIAL AND METHOD: 286 patients who underwent PCNL under SA between 2017 and 2021 were identified retrospectively and divided into group 1 (clinically significant PCs) and group 2 (no clinically significant PCs). Demographic, preoperative, and intraoperative variables and postoperative outcomes were compared between both groups. Independent risk factors for PCs were evaluated by univariable and multivariable logistic regression analyses. RESULTS: PCs were noted in 90 patients (31.5%). Advanced age (P = .011), high body mass index (BMI) (P < .001), and the presence of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) (P < .001) were risk factors for PCs. CONCLUSION: SA is an effective method of anesthesia for all PCNL patients and carries a lower rate of PCNL-associated PCs. Risk factors for PCs after PCNL were advanced age, obesity, and preoperative COPD.

Relationship between LPA SNPs and inflammatory burden in patients with preeclampsia to address future cardiovascular risk.

OBJECTIVE: The study tested whether cardiovascular corresponding LPA risk genotypes improve pre-eclampsia and coronary heart disease (CHD) risk prediction beyond conventional risk factors. BACKGROUND: Studies have shown that women specific risk factors for cardiovascular disease (CVD) have taken an attention recently. It might be possible to identify women who have the highest risk in developing CVD in their further lives. It is well-known that Lp(a) levels have an impact on increased risk of CVD which is affected by LPA gene. Further, LPA risk genotypes are not considered in cardiovascular risk prediction. METHODS: We have included 200 pregnant Turkish women into the study. We stratified the preeclamptic (PE) group: early (EOP) (28.7 ± 3.0 weeks) and late onset (LOP) (36.0 ± 1.4 weeks). 14 LPA SNPs were evaluated in the study. Rs9355296 and rs3798220 were found as independent risk factors for preeclampsia by logistic regression analysis. A positive correlation was found between rs9355296 and the diagnostic criteria of preeclampsia. Further rs9355296 G/* carriers have higher vascular inflammation rather than AA carriers. CONCLUSIONS: The findings reveal that LPA genetic variability with high inflammatory response might be an indication of future cardiovascular events.

Evaluation of maternal serum progranulin levels in normotensive pregnancies, and pregnancies with early- and late-onset preeclampsia.

AIMS: To investigate the possible pathophysiological associations between progranulin (PGRN) and preeclampsia (PE), early-onset PE (EOPE) and late-onset PE (LOPE). STUDY DESIGN: A cross-sectional study was designed to include consecutive patients with uncomplicated pregnancy (n = 28), EOPE (n = 30) and LOPE (n = 22). Maternal levels of serum PGRN were measured with the use of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kit. RESULTS: The mean serum PGRN level was significantly higher in women with PE compared to the control group (54.17 ± 4.20 pg/ml versus 42.37 ± 5.64 pg/ml, p < 0.001), in the LOPE group compared to the control group (51.63 ± 4.61 pg/ml versus 42.37 ± 5.64 pg/ml, p < 0.001) and also in women with EOPE compared to women with LOPE (56.03 ± 2.68 pg/ml versus 51.63 ± 4.61 pg/ml, p < 0.001). Serum PGRN was negatively correlated with gestational age at birth (r = -0.669, p = 0.001) and birth weight (r = -0.653, p = 0.001); and positively correlated with systolic (r = 0.653, p = 0.001) and diastolic blood pressure (r = 0.601, p = 0.001), C-reactive protein (r = 0.519, p = 0.001), uterine artery pulsatility (r = 0.441, p = 0.001) and resistance indices (r = 0.441, p = 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Serum PGRN levels increase significantly in women with PE as an indirect sign of placental dysfunction. This increase is even more prominent in women with EOPE. The serum PGRN in the third trimester is positively correlated with gestational age at birth and birth weight.

The relationships between blood pressure, blood glucose, and bone mineral density in postmenopausal Turkish women.

BACKGROUND: Hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and osteoporosis are important comorbidities commonly seen in postmenopausal women. The aim of the present study was to investigate the relationships between blood pressure, blood glucose, and bone mineral density (BMD) in postmenopausal Turkish women. METHODS: In this cross-sectional study, 270 consecutive patients who were admitted to an outpatient clinic with vasomotor symptoms and/or at least 1 year of amenorrhea were included. The patients were categorized into three groups according to their blood pressure and metabolic status as follows: normotensive, hypertensive nondiabetics, and hypertensive diabetics. The T- and z-scores of the proximal femur and lumbar vertebrae were measured with the dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry method to assess the BMD of the study groups. RESULTS: Lumbar vertebral T-scores (P<0.001), lumbar vertebral z-scores (P<0.003), and proximal femoral T-scores (P<0.001) were demonstrated to be significantly lower in the hypertensive diabetic group compared to the hypertensive nondiabetic and normotensive groups. Systolic blood pressure was significantly inversely correlated with lumbar vertebral T-scores (r=-0.382; P=0.001), lumbar vertebral z-scores (r=-0.290; P=0.001), and proximal femoral T-scores (r=-0.340; P=0.001). Moreover, diastolic blood pressure was significantly inversely correlated with lumbar vertebral T-scores (r=-0.318; P=0.001), lumbar vertebral z-scores (r=-0.340; P=0.001), and proximal femoral T-scores (r=-0.304; P=0.001). Hypertension (odds ratio [OR]: 2.541, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.46-3.48, P=0.003), diabetes mellitus (OR: 2.136, 95% CI: 1.254-3.678, P=0.006), and age (OR: 1.069, 95% CI: 1.007-1.163, P=0.022) were found to be significant independent predictors of osteopenia in a multivariate analysis, after adjusting for other risk parameters. CONCLUSION: The present study is the first to evaluate the relationships between blood pressure, blood glucose, and BMD in postmenopausal Turkish women. Moreover, both hypertension and diabetes were demonstrated as significant independent predictors of osteopenia in postmenopausal Turkish women. Clinicians should be aware of the high risk of developing osteopenia in diabetic hypertensive postmenopausal women.