Level of anxiety, depression, self-esteem, social anxiety, and quality of life among the women with polycystic ovary syndrome.

INTRODUCTION: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a heterogeneous disease and many symptoms are seen with varying degrees. The aim of the present study was to determine which symptoms increased such problems as depression, anxiety, low self-esteem, and social worry by classifying PCOS according to symptoms. METHODS: The study was carried out with two groups. The first group consisted of 86 patients who were diagnosed with PCOS and the second group consisted of 47 healthy volunteers. Liebowitz' Social Anxiety Scale, Rosenberg' Self-Esteem Scale, Short-Form 36, Quality of Life Scale, Beck Anxiety Inventory, and Beck Depression Inventory were administered to each volunteer. RESULTS: Depression scores of infertile group were higher while anxiety scores of the obese group were bigger than other groups. It was the obesity group that received the smallest score in self-esteem and trust in people and the highest score in sensitiveness to criticism. The most affected group was oligomenorrhea-hirsutism group in terms of physical functioning, physical role function, pain, social functioning, emotional role function, and emotional well-being. CONCLUSION: We suggest that not only gynecologist but also a multidisciplinary team may examine these patients.

Commandos do not use condoms.

The aim of this study was to determine private soldiers' knowledge and attitudes about the use of condoms. This study includes privates discharged from the Zincidere 1st Commando Brigade, Kayseri, Türkiye. This study was composed of volunteers (n = 481) who were present at their Brigade at the time of the research. Data were collected with a questionnaire. It was found that 44.7% of the privates had not used a condom. Reasons for not using a condom included the following: lack of enjoyment and feeling of discomfort, belief in its unreliability and the difficulty of obtaining one. Privates stated that they had knowledge regarding protection against sexually transmitted diseases (95.8%), the importance of always using condoms (84.8%) and the importance of having a single partner (60.7%). The results of this study show that although knowledge of condoms is relatively good, they are not widely used.

Evaluation of endometrial precancerous lesions in postmenopausal obese women--a high risk group?

AIM: To evaluate precancerous lesions such as hyperplasia and endometrial polyps in obese postmenopausal women. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Women who were referred with abnormal uterine bleeding in postmenopausal period or the presence of endometrial cells on cervical cytology in our department were investigated. Anthropometric measurements such as height, weight, body mass index, waist/hip ratio and endometrial thickness were compared between a precancerous lesion (hyperplasia and endometrial polyp) group and a pathologically normal group. RESULTS: We detected statistically significant thickening of endometrium in patients with precancerous lesions. Moreover patients with precancerous lesions had higher body mass index than the pathologically normal group. CONCLUSIONS: We found elevated precancerous lesion rates in overweight and obese women in the postmenopausal period, of interest given that the prevalence of obesity is increasing in most parts of the world. Although screening for endometrial cancer is not recommended for the general population, in high-risk populations like obese postmenopausal women, it may be very important.

Effect of paracetamol, dexketoprofen trometamol, lidocaine spray, and paracervical block application for pain relief during suction termination of first-trimester pregnancy.

The aim of the study was to investigate the analgesic efficacy of preoperative oral dexketoprofen trometamol, intravenous paracetamol, lidocaine spray, and paracervical block with ultracaine on curettage procedure. A total of 111 subjects with the request of pregnancy termination between 5 and 7 weeks of gestation were included in the study. The first group (control group) consisted of 20 participants without medication. The second group consisted of 25 participants receiving 2 puffs of lidocaine sprays on cervical mucosa. The third group consisted of 20 participants receiving oral 25 mg dexketoprofen trometamol. The fourth group consisted of 23 participants receiving 1000 mg intravenous paracetamol and the fifth group consisted of 23 participants receiving paracervical block with ultracaine. Paracervical block reduced pain score significantly in both intraoperative and postoperative periods. All analgesic procedures were significantly effective for reducing pain in postoperative period. Paracervical block may be the best method for reducing pain scores in intraoperative and postoperative periods during curettage procedure. All analgesic procedures such as lidocaine, paracetamol, ultracaine, and paracervical block with ultracaine can be used for reducing pain score in postoperative period. This trial is registered with NCT01947205.

State and trait anxiety levels of childless women in Kayseri, Turkey.

OBJECTIVES: To determine the prevalence rate of primary infertility in the provincial centre of Kayseri, the state-trait anxiety levels of childless women and the impact of some factors on the anxiety levels. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The investigation was carried out in the Kayseri province of Turkey. A sample group of 2400 married women aged 15-49 was visited at home and couples with primary infertility were identified. The female partners of these couples were included in the study group and were called 'childless women'. A control group was made up of women, with at least one child, who were of similar ages and resided in similar conditions as the study group. The State-Trait Anxiety Inventory was applied to the study group of 150 childless women, and the age and residence matched control group. RESULTS: The prevalence of primary infertility in the area was found to be 6.3%. Of the childless women, 89.3% had consulted a physician for diagnosis or treatment of infertility and 66.6% had applied traditional remedies in order to conceive. State anxiety scores had mean values of 43.3 and 31.4 in the study and control groups, respectively. The trait anxiety scores were higher with values of 49.5 and 45.1, respectively. The impact of childlessness on the state and trait anxiety levels was statistically significant. The duration of marriage was a significant predictor of the trait anxiety score. The impact of the educational level of the women and that of the husband's support on the trait anxiety score were also found to be statistically significant. CONCLUSION: The state and trait anxiety scores among childless women were higher than in controls. The trait anxiety scores among childless women increased with the duration of their marriage. The educational level of the childless women and the husband's support may affect anxiety levels.