Influence of n-3 fatty acid supplementation on inflammatory and oxidative stress markers in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is defined as a reproductive endocrine disease that results in a low-grade inflammatory and pro-oxidant state. Dietary factors, including n-3 fatty acids, may have a key role in improving metabolic disorders in PCOS patients. The present study aimed to investigate the influence of n-3 fatty acid supplementation on inflammatory and oxidative stress (OS) markers in patients with PCOS. A systematic literature search of Medline/PubMed, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Scopus and Lilacs, until November 2019, was conducted. Randomised clinical trials that reported inflammatory and OS markers as endpoints in women with PCOS receiving n-3 fatty acid supplementation were included. The pooled estimates of the weighted mean differences (WMD) and the standard mean differences (SMD) were calculated. Random effects models were adopted to measure the pooled outcomes. Among the 323 studies retrieved, ten fulfilled the inclusion criteria for a meta-analysis. We founded a significant decrease in high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) (SMD -0·29 (95 % CI -0·56, -0·02) mg/l) and an increase in adiponectin (WMD 1·42 (95 % CI 1·09, 1·76) ng/ml) concentrations in the intervention group when compared with the placebo group. No statistically significant results were found in the meta-analysis for visfatin, nitric oxide, GSH or malondialdehyde levels or total antioxidant capacity. The data suggest that supplementation of n-3 fatty acids could reduce the inflammatory state in women with PCOS, through a decrease in hs-CRP and an increase in adiponectin levels.

Anti-inflammatory effects of C-peptide on kidney of type 1 diabetes mellitus animal model.

Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is characterized by C-peptide deficiency and elevated levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of C-peptide in renal and inflammatory complications in streptozotocin (STZ)-diabetic mice model of T1DM with kidney disease. The study was performed in 8-week old male C57BL/6 mice. Two streptozotocin-diabetic groups (a T1DM animal model), after 4 weeks of diabetes, were treated with subcutaneous infusion of either vehicle (n = 12) or C-peptide (n = 11). Two non-diabetic groups (vehicle, n = 10; C-peptide, n = 9) were treated using the same protocol as described for the diabetic mice. The treatment with C-peptide in the diabetic group reduced the urinary levels of IL17 and TNFα, as well as IL4 and IL10 (p < 0.05). Contrary, the diabetic + C-peptide group presented higher IL10 gene expression in kidney. Besides, it displayed a reduction of TNFα gene expression. The data suggest that C-peptide may modulate pro- and anti-inflammatory signalling pathways, resulting in attenuation of kidney inflammation in T1DM animal model.

Galectin-3 is a potential biomarker to insulin resistance and obesity in women with polycystic ovary syndrome.

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the most common endocrine and metabolic disorder that affects women in reproductive age. This study aimed to evaluate Gal-3 levels and its role on metabolic parameters in women with PCOS. Gal-3 was measured in 44 PCOS and 25 women recruited as control group for the case-control study. Gal-3 levels were similar between PCOS and control groups (p > 0.05), but showed a positive correlation with glucose levels in the oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) (r = 0.403, p = 0.037), body mass index (BMI) (r = 0.469, p = 0.027), insulin levels (r = 0.453, p = 0.030) and HOMA-IR (r = 0.738, p = 0.037) in PCOS group. The data suggest that Gal-3 plays a role in the pathophysiology of the insulin resistance and obesity in PCOS group.

Interleukin-10 levels and the risk of thromboembolism according to COMPASS-Cancer associated thrombosis score in breast cancer patients prior to undergoing doxorubicin-based chemotherapy.

Venous thromboembolism (VTE) is an important cause of morbidity/mortality in cancer patients, and COMPASS-CAT score must be used to VTE-risk prediction. There is a relationship between cytokines and thrombus formation and/or resolution. This study aimed to investigate the VTE risk and cytokines level in breast cancer patients prior to chemotherapy with doxorubicin (DOXO). Eighty women with breast cancer and indication for DOXO treatment were selected. TNF, IL-1ß, IL-6, and IL-10 were measured after the diagnosis and immediately before DOXO treatment. All 80 patients presented a high risk for VTE when evaluated by COMPASS-CAT model (score ≥7). A positive correlation was observed between IL-10 plasma levels and VTE risk score. Our data showed that higher IL-10 levels before chemotherapy are associated to increased risk of VTE in breast cancer patients. This finding suggests that IL-10 levels and the combination with COMPASS-CAT score could be good markers to predict increased risk of VTE in these patients.

HFE, MTHFR, and FGFR4 genes polymorphisms and breast cancer in Brazilian women.

Genetic factors related to cancer have been extensively studied and several polymorphisms have been associated to breast cancer. The FGFR4, MTHFR, and HFE genes have been associated with neoplastic diseases development. The current report outlines the analysis of the polymorphisms G388A (FGFR4), C677T (MTHFR), C282Y, and H63D (HFE) in Brazilian breast cancer patients. We studied 68 patients with invasive ductal and operable breast carcinoma and 85 women as a control group. The polymorphism frequencies in the breast cancer and control groups were analyzed, but no significant difference was observed by comparing the two groups. The presence of each polymorphism was analyzed according to the clinical features and markers already established as prognostic in the breast cancer group. The C677T, H63D, and G388A polymorphisms were not associated to histological grade, age of diagnosis, expression of HER2 receptor, or estrogen and progesterone receptor. The H63D polymorphism showed a significant association (P = 0.02) with the presence of p53 mutations, and C667T showed association to lymph node involvement (P = 0.05). Lymph node involvement, G388A polymorphism, and histological grade were independently associated to metastasis/death. Our data suggests that the polymorphisms G388A, C677T, and H63D are not useful in breast cancer diagnosis, but they may be significant additional prognostic markers related to breast cancer survival.

Evaluation of galectin-3 levels in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and chronic kidney disease / Avaliação dos níveis de galectina-3 em pacientes com diabetes mellitus tipo 2 e doença renal crônica

ABSTRACT INTRODUCTION: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is the most common manifestation of diabetes, accounting for about 90% of diagnosed cases. The causes of T2DM are not fully understood, but its pathogenesis is possibly associated with increased adiposity and a chronic low-grade inflammatory response. The glycoprotein galectin-3 (Gal-3) is known to play an important role in the modulation of blood glucose, adiposity, and inflammation. OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to evaluate Gal-3 levels in patients with T2DM and chronic kidney disease (CKD), in addition to relating them with complications and comorbidities present in these patients, comparing them to a control group. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Gal-3 was evaluated in 84 selected individuals, of which 42 had clinical and laboratory diagnosis of T2DM and CKD (treated at Santa Casa Hospital in Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil), and 42 individuals from the local community, with no history of diabetes (control group). RESULTS AND DISCURSION: Gal-3 levels were significantly higher (p = 0.012) in the T2DM group (15.17 ± 5.54 ng/ml) when compared to the control group (12.62 ± 3.2 ng/ml). There was a tendency for higher levels of Gal-3 in diabetic patients with hypertension (15.74 ± 5.61 ng/ml) when compared to patients without this complication (10.96 ± 2.49 ng/ml) (p = 0.069) CONCLUSION: The results suggest that Gal-3 may be involved in the pathophysiology of T2DM and still be a promising biomarker associated with hypertension in this group.

RESUMEN INTRODUCCIÓN: La diabetes mellitus tipo 2 (DM2) es la forma más común de la diabetes; representa alrededor del 90% de los casos diagnosticados. Todavía no se conocen por completo las causas de la DM2, pero posiblemente su etiopatogénesis se relaciona con el aumento de adiposidad y una respuesta inflamatoria crónica de bajo grado. Se sabe que la glicoproteína galectina 3 (Gal-3) juega un papel importante en la modulación de glucemia, adiposidad e inflamación. OBJETIVOS: Evaluar los niveles de Gal-3 en pacientes con DM2 y enfermedad renal crónica, además de relacionarlos con las otras complicaciones y comorbilidades presentes en eses individuos, comparándolos con un grupo control. MATERIAL Y MÉTODO: La Gal-3 fue evaluada en 84 pacientes elegidos; entre esos, 42 poseían el diagnóstico clínico y de laboratorio de DM2 y enfermedad renal crónica (atendidos en el Hospital Santa Casa de Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brasil) y 42 eran de la comunidad local, sin historial de diabetes (grupo control). RESULTADOS Y DISCUSIÓN: Los niveles de Gal-3 fueron más altos (p = 0,012) en el grupo con DM2 (15,17 ± 5,54 ng/ml) que en el grupo control (12,62 ± 3,2 ng/ml). Hubo tendencia de mayores niveles de Gal-3 en los pacientes diabéticos con hipertensión (15,74 ± 5,61 ng/ml) que en aquellos sin esa complicación (10,96 ± 2,49 ng/ml) (p = 0,069). CONCLUSIÓN: Los resultados obtenidos apuntan que la Gal-3 puede estar involucrada en la etiología de la DM2 y aún ser un biomarcador prometedor de hipertensión en ese grupo.

RESUMO INTRODUÇÃO: O diabetes mellitus tipo 2 (DM2) é a manifestação mais comum do diabetes; representa cerca de 90% dos casos diagnosticados. As causas do DM2 ainda não foram completamente estabelecidas, mas sua patogênese está, possivelmente, relacionada com o aumento da adiposidade e uma resposta inflamatória crônica de baixo grau. Sabe-se que a glicoproteína galectina-3 (Gal-3) possui papel importante na modulação de glicemia, adiposidade e inflamação. OBJETIVOS: Avaliar os níveis de Gal-3 em pacientes com DM2 e doença renal crônica, além de relacioná-los com as demais complicações e comorbidades presentes nesses indivíduos, comparando-os com um grupo-controle. MATERIAL E MÉTODOS:: A Gal-3 foi avaliada em 84 pacientes selecionados; destes, 42 possuíam o diagnóstico clínico e laboratorial de DM2 e doença renal crônica (atendidos no Hospital Santa Casa de Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brasil), e 42 eram da comunidade local, sem histórico de diabetes (grupo-controle). RESULTADOS E DISCUSSÃO: Os níveis de Gal-3 foram significativamente mais elevados (p = 0,012) no grupo com DM2 (15,17 ± 5,54 ng/ml) quando comparados com os níveis do grupo-controle (12,62 ± 3,2 ng/ml). Houve tendência em maiores níveis de Gal-3 nos pacientes diabéticos com hipertensão (15,74 ± 5,61 ng/ml) em comparação com os pacientes sem essa complicação (10,96 ± 2,49 ng/ml) (p = 0,069). CONCLUSÃO: Os resultados obtidos sugerem que a Gal-3 pode estar envolvida na fisiopatologia do DM2 e ainda ser um promissor biomarcador associado à hipertensão nesse grupo.

Effect of acetylsalicylic acid on platelet activation and oxidative profile in a set of Brazilian patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2) is a metabolic disorder associated with hyperactivation of platelets, increased formation of platelet microparticles (PMPs) and oxidative stress that are related to cardiovascular complications. Acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) is an antiplatelet agent used in the prevention of atherothrombosis. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of ASA by means of platelet activation and oxidative profile. We collected blood samples of 81 patients with DM2 before and during ASA treatment. These samples were analyzed to determine the levels of 2,3-dinor thromboxane-B2 (2,3-dinor-TXB2), PMPs, thiobarbituric acid reactive species (TBARS) and 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT). Moreover, the relationship between the levels of 2,3-dinor-TXB2 with some clinical and laboratory variables such as glycated hemoglobin, platelet count, D dimer, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and glycoprotein IIb/IIIa and cyclooxygenase-1 polymorphisms was evaluated. ASA intake did not change the levels of PMP, TBARS and MTT. Although a significant decrease in the levels of 2,3 dinorTXB2 (P < 0.001) in patients under ASA has been observed, an equal and satisfactory response to this drug was not found. However, the presence of PIA2 allele in GPIIIa gene may be associated with a better response to ASA intake in these patients, whereas other clinical and laboratory variables showed no association with this drug use. These findings are consistent with previous reports in the literature that patients with DM2 do not benefit in an equal way from the use of ASA for primary prevention of atherothrombotic events.