Sedentary Behavior in Individuals With Diabetic Chronic Kidney Disease and Maintenance Hemodialysis.

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to examine whether more advanced kidney failure is associated with sedentary behavior and whether demographics, comorbidity, nutritional, and inflammatory markers explain this association. DESIGN: Observational study. SETTING: Outpatients recruited from outpatient clinics and dialysis units. SUBJECTS: One hundred sixty patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) or receiving maintenance hemodialysis (MHD). METHODS: Standardized questionnaires including Baecke physical activity questionnaire, standardized anthropometry examination, and blood draw. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Sedentary behavior (defined as answering "very often" for "during leisure time I watch television" or answering "never" for "during leisure time I walk") and being physically active (top 25th percentile of the total Baecke score). RESULTS: Nineteen percent of CKD and 50% of MHD patients were sedentary (P < .001) and 38.8% of CKD and 11.3% of MHD patients were physically active. In separate multivariable logistic regression models, compared with CKD patients, MHD patients were more sedentary (odds ratio 3.84; 95% confidence interval, 1.18-12.51) and less physically active (odds ratio 0.07; 95% confidence interval 0.01-0.40) independent of demographics, comorbidity, smoking, body size, serum high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) and albumin. Congestive heart failure, peripheral vascular disease, and higher body mass index were independently associated with sedentary behavior, whereas younger age, lower body mass index, lower serum hsCRP, and higher serum albumin were associated with being physically active. CONCLUSIONS: Sedentary behavior is highly prevalent among diabetic CKD or MHD patients. The strong association of MHD status with sedentary behavior is not explained by demographics, smoking, comorbidity, nutritional, and inflammatory markers. Interventions targeting obesity might improve sedentary behavior and physical activity, whereas interventions targeting inflammation might improve physical activity in these populations.

"How Hard Could it Be?" A Descriptive Analysis of Errors Made on a Validated Lifetime Physical Activity Questionnaire.

BACKGROUND: Measuring historical physical activity in epidemiologic research depends on self-report. We aimed to describe data reporting errors women made in completing 2 validated questionnaires: Lifetime Physical Activity Questionnaire (LPAQ) and Occupational Questionnaire (OQ). METHODS: Participants--229 women aged 38 to 65 years--completed questionnaires on paper (n = 160) or by web interface (n = 69). One research assistant collected questionnaire data, identified potential errors and contacted participants to trouble-shoot errors. RESULTS: Women made mean 9.7 (SD 11.2) errors on paper and 7.1 (SD 6.2) errors on electronic versions of the LPAQ and 2.6 (SD 3.8) and 1.1 (SD 1.4) errors on paper and electronic versions of the OQ, respectively. Fewer mistakes were made on electronic versions of both questionnaires combined (8.5 ± 6.1) when compared with the paper versions (12.7 ± 13.1). Only ~2% of the sample completed all questionnaires without detectable errors. The most common errors were reporting activities or frequencies inconsistently between past year survey and the current age epoch, reporting more years than allowed by age epoch and missing information. CONCLUSIONS: Despite the implications of "self-report" questionnaires, we recommend researchers provide participants with additional instructions, either verbally or as written tip sheet or both, and follow-up after questionnaire completion to correct mistakes as needed.