Unhealthy Food and Psychological Stress: The Association between Ultra-Processed Food Consumption and Perceived Stress in Working-Class Young Adults.

BACKGROUND: Ultra-processed foods are industrial formulations made from food extracts or constituents with little or no intact food and often containing additives that confer hyper-palatability. The consumption of these products increases the risk of chronic non-communicable diseases. Stressed people may engage in unhealthy eating as a way to cope. This study aimed to verify whether ultra-processed food consumption was associated with perceived stress levels in industrial and retail workers from Vitoria da Conquista, Brazil. METHODS: This was a cross-sectional study carried out between July 2017 and August 2018. During the study period, 1270 participants completed a survey administered by an interviewer. Stress levels were assessed using the Perceived Stress Scale. Information regarding weekly ultra-processed food consumption was collected. Ultra-processed foods were classified into four groups: sugary drinks; sugary foods; fast foods; and canned foods, frozen foods, or processed meat. The Student's t-test or one-way analysis of variance was used to assess the differences in stress levels and ultra-processed food consumption. Ordinal regression was used to determine the association between the degrees of stress and ultra-processed food consumption levels. RESULTS: Factors such as a young age, being unmarried, smoking, high-risk alcohol consumption, negative health perception, and high perceived stress level indicated higher rates of ultra-processed food consumption. Ordinal regression analysis showed that high stress levels were associated with increased odds of higher ultra-processed food consumption (odds ratio: 1.94; 95% CI: 1.54-2.45). CONCLUSIONS: These findings could help identify appropriate target areas for interventions aimed at mental health promotion and healthier food consumption.

Quality of Life and Associated Factors in Young Workers.

BACKGROUND: This study aimed to identify the factors associated with the quality of life of young workers of a Social Work of Industry Unit. METHODS: This was a cross-sectional study conducted on 1270 workers. Data were collected using a digital questionnaire built on the KoBoToolbox platform that included the EUROHIS-QOL eight-item index to assess quality of life. Demographic, socioeconomic, behavioral, and clinical variables were considered explanatory. The associations were analyzed using the ordinal logistic regression model at a 5% significance level. RESULTS: Men and women had a mean quality of life of 31.1 and 29.4, respectively. Workers that rated their health as "very good" had an odds ratio of 7.4 (95% confidence interval (CI) = 5.17-10.81), and those who rated it as "good" had an odds ratio of 2.9 (95% CI = 2.31-3.77). Both these groups of workers were more likely to have higher levels of quality of life as compared to workers with "regular", "poor", or "very poor" self-rated health. Physically active individuals were 30% more likely to have higher levels of quality of life (odds ratio = 1.3; 95% CI = 1.08-1.65). After adjusting the model by gender, age group, marital status, socioeconomic class, self-rated health, nutritional status, and risky alcohol consumption, the odds ratio of active individuals remained stable (odds ratio = 1.3; 95% CI = 1.05-1.66). CONCLUSIONS: In the present study, self-rated health, physical activity, and gender were associated with young workers' quality of life.

Práticas de cuidado para doenças não transmissíveis na Estratégia Saúde da Família / Prácticas de cuidado para enfermedades no transmisibles en la Estrategia Salud de la Familia / Care practices for non-communicable diseases in the Family Health Strategy

Objetivo: realizar uma reflexão crítica e analítica acerca das práticas de cuidado em saúde no Brasil voltadas para as doenças não transmissíveis no contexto da Estratégia Saúde da Família. Síntese do conteúdo: as reflexões sobre as práticas de cuidado revelaram importantes avanços materializados pela instituição de referências legais no âmbito políticonormativo e assistencial, refletindo em melhor controle das doenças crônicas por longo período. Contudo, o cenário de crise global impôs sérias restrições orçamentárias com implicações político-econômicas e técnico-assistenciais, constituindo, portanto, uma ameaça ao controle das doenças crônicas e um prejuízo para a qualidade de vida da população brasileira. Conclusões: maior sinergia de esforços entre distintos atores sociais será necessária para garantir a defesa da universalidade, a resolutividade, a equidade e a gratuidade das práticas de cuidado em saúde na Estratégia Saúde da Família com foco nas doenças crônicas.

Objetivo: realizar una reflexión crítica y analítica sobre las prácticas de atención en salud dirigidas a las enfermedades no transmisibles a partir del contexto de la Estrategia Salud de la Familia en Brasil. Síntesis de contenido: las reflexiones sobre las prácticas de cuidado revelaron importantes avances materializados por la institución de referencias legales en el ámbito político-normativo y asistencial, los cuales dan cuenta de un mejor control de las enfermedades crónicas durante un mayor período. No obstante, el escenario de crisis global impuso graves restricciones presupuestarias con implicaciones políticoeconómicas y de asistencia técnica, constituyendo una amenaza para el control de las enfermedades crónicas y un perjuicio para la calidad de vida de la población brasileña. Conclusiones: una mayor sinergia entre los diferentes actores sociales será necesaria para garantizar la defensa de la universalidad, resolución, equidad y las prácticas gratuitas de atención en salud promovidas por la Estrategia Salud de la Familia con enfoque en las enfermedades crónicas.

Objective: To provide a critical and analytical reflection on health care practices in Brazil aimed at non-communicable diseases in the context of the Family Health Strategy. Content synthesis: the reflections on the care practices revealed important advances materialized by the institution of legal references in the political-normative and assistance scope, reflecting in a better control of chronic diseases for a long period. However, the global crisis scenario imposed serious budgetary restrictions with political-economic and technical-assistance implications, thus constituting a threat to the control of chronic diseases and a detriment to the quality of life of the Brazilian population. Conclusions: Greater synergy between different social actors and their efforts will be necessary to guarantee the defense of universality, resolution, equity, and free health care practices in the Family Health Strategy with a focus on chronic diseases.