Should left atrial appendage closure be considered in resistant left atrial appendage thrombus cases? 'Former Foe, New Ally'.

BACKGROUND: The study explores left atrial appendage closure (LAAC) as a safe and effective alternative to anticoagulation for atrial fibrillation (AF) patients at high bleeding risk. Complications, such as cardioembolic events due to left atrial appendage thrombus (LAAT), highlight the need for alternative stroke prevention strategies. AIMS: This research assesses LAAC's safety and efficacy in patients with LAAT, aiming to offer valuable insights into its potential as a viable option for stroke prevention in such cases. METHODS: The study included 205 patients who underwent LAAC using specific devices between September 2015 and February 2023. Among them, 32 patients had persistent LAAT. Baseline characteristics, antithrombotic medications, risk scores, and LAAC indications were documented. Patients were followed to monitor significant clinical events like stroke, cardiovascular mortality, and all-cause mortality. RESULTS: The mean age was 71.9 and mostly female. Indications for LAAC were ischemic cerebrovascular events (CVE) despite anticoagulation (25%), bleeding complications (major/minor, 37.5% each), or both. Successful LAA closure was achieved in all cases, with minimal pericardial effusion in one. One-month follow-up showed no major events or device-related issues. Median follow-up of 16.5 months saw 21.9% non-cardiac deaths. The study underscores LAAC's efficacy for stroke prevention in patients with persistent LAAT. CONCLUSIONS: The LAAC in cases of LAAT, whether pursued initially or as a deferred approach, demonstrates feasibility and safety, exhibiting notable procedural success and minimal incidence of periprocedural complications.

Functional substrate mapping characteristics during sinus rhythm predicts critical isthmus of reentrant atrial tachycardia.

BACKGROUND: Atrial tachycardia (AT) is a commonly encountered rhythm disorder in patients with underlying atrial scar. The role of atrial late activation mapping during sinus rhythm to predict the critical isthmus (CI) of AT has yet to be systematically evaluated. We aimed to investigate the relationship between the functional substrate mapping (FSM) characteristics and the CI of reentrant ATs in patients with underlying atrial low-voltage areas. METHODS: Patients with history of left AT who underwent catheter ablation with 3D mapping using high-density mapping were enrolled. Voltage map and isochronal late activation mapping were created during sinus/paced rhythm to detect deceleration zones (DZ). Electrograms with continuous-fragmented morphology were also tagged. After induction of AT, activation mapping was performed to detect CI of the tachycardia. Atrial tachyarrhythmia (ATa) recurrence was defined as detection of atrial fibrillation or AT (≥30 s) during the follow-up. RESULTS: Among 35 patients [mean age: 62 ± 9, gender: 25 (71.5%) female] with left AT, a total of 42 reentrant ATs induced. Voltage mapping during sinus rhythm revealed low-voltage area of 37.1 ± 23.8% of the left atrium. The mean value of bipolar voltage, EGM duration, and conduction velocity during sinus rhythm corresponding to CI of ATs were 0.18 ± 0.12 mV, 133 ± 47 ms, and 0.12 ± 0.09 m/s, respectively. Total number of DZs per chamber was 1.5 ± 0.6, which were located in the low-voltage zone (<0.5 mV) detected by high-density mapping. All CIs of reentry were colocalized with DZs detected during FSM. The positive predictive value of DZs to detect CI of inducible ATs is 80.4%. Freedom from ATa after the index procedure was 74.3% during a mean follow-up of 12.2 ± 7.5 months. CONCLUSION: Our findings demonstrated the utility of FSM during sinus rhythm to predict the CI of AT. DZs displayed continuous-fragmented signal morphology with slow conduction which may guide to tailor ablation strategy in case of underlying atrial scar.

Long-term outcomes of left atrial appendage isolation using cryoballoon in persistent atrial fibrillation.

AIMS: There is an increasing trend evaluating the role of non-pulmonary vein (PV) triggers to improve ablation outcomes in persistent atrial fibrillation (AF) as pulmonary vein isolation (PVI) strategy alone has modest outcomes. We investigated the long-term safety and efficacy of left atrial appendage isolation (LAAi) in addition to PVI using cryoballoon (CB) in persistent AF. METHODS AND RESULTS: In this multicentre retrospective analysis, we included a total of 193 persistent AF patients (mean age: 60 ± 11 years, 50.3% females) who underwent PVI and LAAi using CB. Baseline and follow-up data including electrocardiography (ECG), 24 h Holter ECGs, and echocardiography were recorded for all patients. Atrial tachyarrhythmia (ATa) recurrence was defined as the detection of AF, atrial flutter, or atrial tachycardia (≥30 s) after a 3-month blanking period. At a median follow-up of 55 (36.5-60.0) months, 85 (67.9%) patients with PVI + LAAi were in sinus rhythm after the index procedure. Ischaemic stroke/transient ischemic attack occurred in 14 (7.2%) patients at a median of 24 (2-53) months following catheter ablation. Multivariate regression analysis revealed heart failure with preserved ejection fraction [hazard ratio (HR) 2.29, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.04-5.02; P = 0.038], male gender (HR 0.53, 95% CI 0.29-0.96; P = 0.037), and LA area (HR 1.04, 95% CI 0.53-1.32; P = 0.023) as independent predictors of ATa recurrence. CONCLUSION: Our findings demonstrated that the LAAi + PVI strategy using CB had acceptable long-term outcomes in patients with persistent AF. Systemic thrombo-embolic events are an important concern throughout the follow-up, which were mostly observed in case of non-adherence to anticoagulants.

Evaluation of atrial fibrosis in atrial fibrillation patients with three different methods.

BACKGROUND: The presence of atrial fibrosis has already been known as a risk factor for atrial fibrillation (AF) development. We aimed to evaluate atrial fibrosis with previously defined three different methods, which were cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (C-MRI), echocardiographic strain imaging, and biomarkers and show the relationship between these methods in patients with AF scheduled for cryoballoon ablation. METHODS: A total of 30 patients were enrolled. Atrial T1 relaxation durations were measured using C-MRI before the procedure of atrial fibrillation catheter ablation. Fibroblast growth factor-21 (FGF-21) and fibroblast growth factor-23 (FGF-23) levels were measured at serum derived from the femoral artery (Peripheral FGF 21 and 23) and left atrium blood samples (Central FGF 21 and 23) before catheter ablation. Preprocedural transthoracic echocardiography was performed. The median follow-up duration for atrial tachyarrhythmia (ATa) recurrence was 13 (12-18 months) months. RESULTS: The mean ages of the study group were 55.23 ± 12.37 years, and there were 17 (56.7%) female patients in study population. There were negative correlations between post contrast T1 relaxation durations of both posterior and posterosuperior atrium, and central FGF-23 (r: - 0.561; p = 0.003; r:-0.624; p = 0.001; Posterior T1 vs. central FGF-23 levels and Posterosuperior T1 vs central FGF-23 levels, respectively). The positive correlations were observed between postcontrast posterior T1 relaxation durations and left ventricle ejection fraction (r:0.671; p = 0.001); left atrial emptying fraction (r:0.482; p = 0.013); peak atrial longitudinal strain (r:0.605; p = 0.001), and peak atrial contraction strain (r:0.604; p = 0.001). Also negative correlation was observed between postcontrast posterior T1 relaxation durations, and left atrial volume index (r: - 0.467; p = 0.016).

Long-term outcomes of cryoballoon-based left atrial appendage isolation in addition to pulmonary vein isolation in persistent atrial fibrillation.

AIMS: Pulmonary vein isolation (PVI) alone in persistent atrial fibrillation (AF) is not as successful as in paroxysmal AF, and recent data indicate the key role of non-PV triggers. We aimed to assess the long-term safety and efficacy of left atrial appendage isolation (LAAi) as an adjunct to PVI using cryoballoon (CB) in persistent AF. METHODS AND RESULTS: We compared 144 persistent AF patients (59 ± 10 years, 51% females) who underwent PVI combined with LAAi with a propensity-score matched cohort of 138 persistent AF patients (59 ± 6 years, 52% female) in whom PVI-only was performed. Baseline and follow-up data including electrocardiography (ECG), 24-h Holter ECG's, and echocardiography were recorded for all patients. Atrial tachyarrhythmia (ATa) recurrence was defined as detection of AF, atrial flutter, or atrial tachycardia (≥30 s) after a 3-month blanking period. At a mean of 30.5 ± 5.6 months follow-up, 85 (61.6%) patients in the PVI-only group and 109 (75.7%) patients in the PVI+LAAi group were free of ATa after the index procedure (P = 0.008). Ischaemic stroke/transient ischaemic attack was detected in 4 (2.9%) patients in PVI-only group and in 5 (3.5%) patients in the PVI+LAAi group (P = 0.784). Cox regression analysis revealed that the PVI-only strategy was found as a significant predictor for recurrence (hazard ratio 3.01, 95% confidence interval 1.81-5.03; P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Our findings indicated that CB-based LAAi+PVI was associated with a favourable efficacy compared to PVI-only strategy in patients with persistent AF. Although ischaemic event rates were similar between the groups, rigorous adherence to anticoagulation regime is paramount in order to prevent thrombo-embolic complications.

Comparison of standard vs modified "figure-of-eight" suture to achieve femoral venous hemostasis after cryoballoon based atrial fibrillation ablation.

BACKGROUND: Immediate hemostasis following removal of sheaths is essential to prevent access site complications after atrial fibrillation (AF) ablation. Despite various precautions to achieve complete hemostasis in a safe and effective manner, no standard approach is present yet. OBJECTIVE: We aimed to compare the efficacy and safety of standard vs modified figure-of-eight (sFoE vs mFoE) suture for immediate venous hemostasis after cryoballoon (CB) AF ablation. METHODS: A total of 150 patients who underwent CB catheter ablation were sequentially allocated to either sFoE (n = 75) or mFoE (n = 75) suture to achieve immediate venous hemostasis at right femoral access site after 15 Fr sheath removal. A "three-way stopcock" was used in the mFoE group rather than tying the knot as in a sFoE group. Demographics, clinical and procedural data, and access site complications were recorded. RESULTS: Immediate haemostasis was achieved in all patients (n = 75) with mFoE suture as compared to 90.7% (n = 68) of sFoE suture group (P < .001). Light manual pressure of ≤1 min was required in five patients (6.7%) due to looseness and conventional manual compression because of the snapped silk suture during knotting was required in two patients (2.6%) in the sFoE group. Time to hemostasis was shorter in the mFoE group (P < .001), but time to ambulation and time to discharge were similar in both groups (P > .05). Although no minor or major access site complication has occurred in the mFoE group, in-hospital rebleeding (n = 2, 2.7%) and early local access site infection (n = 2, 2.7%) were observed in the sFoE group. CONCLUSION: The mFoE suture using three-way stopcock is an available, effective, maybe safe, and time- and cost-saving alternative technique to achieve immediate hemostasis after removal of 15 Fr right femoral venous sheath in patients undergoing cryoablation.

Association of Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte Ratio with the Severity and Morphology of Coronary Atherosclerotic Plaques Detected by Multidetector Computerized Tomography.

BACKGROUND: Studies have demonstrated a consistent relationship between white blood cell (WBC) counts and coronary artery disease (CAD). The neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio (NLR) has been considered as a potential marker for identifying individuals under risk of CAD and associated events. In this study, we aimed to evaluate whether NLR was associated with the severity and morphology of coronary atherosclerotic plaques shown by multidetector computed tomography (MDCT). METHODS: Our study population consisted of 684 patients who underwent dual-source 64 slice MDCT for the assessment of CAD. Coronary arteries were evaluated on a 16-segment basis and critical coronary plaque was described as luminal narrowing > 50%, whereas plaque morphology was assessed on a per segment basis. Total WBC, neutrophil and lymphocyte counts were determined using commercially available assay kits. RESULTS: WBC count [7700 (6400-8800) vs. 6800 (5700-7900), p < 0.05] and NLR [2.40 (1.98-3.07) vs. 1.86 (1.50-2.38), p < 0.001] were found to be higher in patients with critical stenosis than in those without. In the binary logistic regression analysis, NLR was a predictor of critical stenosis (odds ratio, 1.68; 95% confidence interval, 1.39-2.03, p < 0.001). NLR levels differed among plaque morphology subtypes (p < 0.05) and was significantly higher in non-calcified plaque (NCP) compared to mixed plaque (MP) and calcified plaque (CP) (p < 0.05). In the multinomial logistic regression analysis, NLR was found to be an independent predictor of NCP, MP and CP (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: These data show that NLR is associated with both the severity and morphology of coronary atherosclerotic disease.

Safety and efficacy outcomes in patients undergoing pulmonary vein isolation with second-generation cryoballoon†.

AIMS: The second-generation cryoballoon (Arctic Front Advance™) (Arc-Adv-CB) has a redesigned injection system which distributes the refrigerant homogenously to the frontal balloon surface. The aim of this study was to compare the efficacy and safety of the Arc-Adv-CB and its predecessor (Arctic Front™) (Arc-CB) in patients who underwent pulmonary vein isolation (PVI) for atrial fibrillation (AF). METHODS AND RESULTS: Three hundred and six patients (55.35 ± 10.60 years, 47.05% male) were included in the study. A total of 1205 pulmonary veins were attempted for PVI with either Arc-CB or Arc-Adv-CB. The follow-up durations were 30 (23-38) and 10 (8-13) months in Arc-CB and Arc-Adv-CB groups, respectively (P < 0.001). When the blanking period was considered, freedom from AF after a single ablation procedure was 68.53 and 90.83% in patients undergoing PVI with Arc-CB and Arc-Adv-CB, respectively. The most frequent complication was transient phrenic nerve palsy (PNP) which occurred in five(2.54%) and nine(8.26%) of patients undergoing PVI with Arc-CB and Arc-Adv-CB, respectively (P = 0.040). Left atrial (LA) diameter (hazard ratio, HR: 3.552, 95% CI: 2.034-6.201, P < 0.001), smoking history (HR:1.643, 95% CI: 1.011-2.671, P = 0.045), persistent AF (HR:1.725, 95% CI: 1.021-2.915, P = 0.041), duration of AF (HR:1.039, 95% CI: 1.000-1.080, P = 0.047), and early AF recurrence (HR:2.399, 95% CI: 1.443-3.989, P < 0.001) were associated with increased late AF recurrence. On the other hand, intraprocedural vagal reactions (HR: 0.550, 95% CI: 0.331-0.915, P = 0.021) and Arc-Adv-CB use (HR: 0.441, 95% CI: 0.225-0.866, P = 0.017) were associated with lower late AF recurrence. Left atrial diameter (HR: 3.072, 95% CI: 1.646-5.732, P < 0.001), early AF recurrence (HR: 1.906, 95% CI: 1.103-3.291, P = 0.021), and Arc-Adv-CB use (HR: 0.472, 95% CI: 0.239-0.931, P = 0.030) were independent predictors for late AF recurrence. CONCLUSION: Our study has shown that Arc-Adv-CB use is associated with lower late AF recurrences at the cost of an increased risk for PNP.

Acute coronary syndrome due to midazolam use: Kounis syndrome during a transurethral prostatectomy.

Developments in the drugs industry are leading to more rare drug side effects being encountered in clinical practice. Of these side effects, allergic reactions and hypersensitivity are seen in the usage of a large group of drugs such as antibiotics, analgesics, antineoplastics, contrast agents, corticosteroids, intravenous anesthetics, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, and proton pump inhibitors. One important result of these reactions is acute coronary syndrome, which may have serious life-threatening results. This syndrome was first described in 1991 by Kounis as an 'allergic angina syndrome progressing to acute myocardial infarction', and thereafter called 'allergic myocardial infarction'. This case report presents a 70-year-old male who had angina and dyspnea after administration of midazolam at the beginning of a transurethral prostatectomy operation.

Prevention of recurrent cryptogenic stroke with percutaneous closure of patent foramen ovale; one year follow-up study with magnetic resonance imaging and Holter monitoring.

OBJECTIVES: In this study, we aimed to evaluate the effect of percutaneous closure of patent foramen ovale (PFO) on the recurrence of stroke and new cardiac arrhythmia using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and Holter monitoring. STUDY DESIGN: Patients with PFO had >1 previous stroke or transient ischemic attack documented with MRI in the first event. PFO with right to left shunt was detected by transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) and transcranial Doppler ultrasound. MRI examinations were performed on patients before and one year after PFO closure was applied. A twenty-four hour Holter monitoring was performed in all patients within 1 month before and 6 months after the procedure. RESULTS: Percutaneous PFO closure was performed on 47 patients (25 female, mean age: 38.7 years) who had cerebral ischemic events detected by MRI. A year after the procedure, TEE showed that there was no residual interatrial right-to-left shunting. After a 14 month follow-up, no new cerebrovascular event and no new lesion on MRI were recorded. The incidence of arrhythmia did not increase significantly after the procedure on Holter monitoring (p=0.917). CONCLUSION: One-year clinical and MRI follow-up study of patients with cerebral ischemic events and percutaneous closure of PFO showed no recurrent event and no significant complication associated with the procedure. In addition, Holter monitorization demonstrated that the procedure did not increase the incidence of arrhythmias compared with pre-procedural monitoring.

Single Center Experience of Percutaneous Septal Ablation in Patients With Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy With A Novel Agent: Polidocanol.

Septal reduction therapy is recommended in patients with obstructive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) who remain symptomatic under maximally tolerated optimal medical treatment. Alcohol septal ablation is a favorable option, especially in patients with high surgical risk or who refuse surgery. Alcohol; causes scar-related ventricular arrhythmias and advanced heart blocks more frequently than surgical myectomy. Therefore, novel, safer agents are required for percutaneous septal ablation therapy. All the patients who underwent percutaneous septal ablation between January 2017 and June 2021 with polidocanol because of ongoing symptoms related to HCM despite maximally tolerated medical treatment were enrolled. Data were obtained retrospectively from the hospital electronic database. A total of 28 patients were included. Median age was 61 years (43.5-67), and 19 (67.8%) patients were male. Most of the patients underwent index procedures; however, only 2 cases had history of previous septal ablation. Median follow-up was 3.5 months (0.25 to 12.25). Median left ventricular outflow tract (LVOT) gradient at rest was 68.5 (37-80) mm Hg, and after Valsalva maneuver median LVOT gradient was 95.5 (75-125) mm Hg. Median volume of polidocanol used in procedures was 2 (2-3.37) ml, and mean procedure time was 28.1 ± 2.5 minutes. LVOT gradient invasively measured was significantly reduced (mean 76.5 mm Hg vs mean 30 mm Hg; p <0.001) immediately after the septal ablation. Conduction defects developed in 18 patients (64.2%); however, de novo permanent cardiac implantable electronic device implantation was required in only 4 (14.3%) cases. Leakage of polidocanol and mortality did not occur in any cases. Pericardial effusion developed in only 1 case, and it resolved with medical treatment. After mean 3.5 months follow-up, both LVOT gradient and New York Heart Association functional class parameters were better than baseline values. In conclusion, polidocanol is a safe and effective agent for septal ablation in patients with HCM. Outcomes and complication rates are similar with alcohol septal ablation.

Unlocking Promising Therapies: Drug-Eluting Stents in Medically Refractory Angina Patients With Myocardial Bridging.

Myocardial bridging (MB) is a congenital variation in which a coronary artery segment tunnels through the myocardium instead of following its usual epicardial route. Although MB is usually diagnosed incidentally and has a good long-term prognosis, it can lead to complications such as angina, myocardial infarction, arrhythmias, and sudden death. This study aimed to evaluate the outcomes of drug-eluting stent (DES) implantation in patients with MB and medically refractory angina. The study included 12 patients with significant MB who did not respond to maximal medical therapy and underwent DES implantation. The patients were followed up for a mean duration of 33 months. The procedural success rate was 92%, with only 1 patient experiencing acute coronary artery rupture during the procedure. During the follow-up period, none of the patients reported angina symptoms, required additional percutaneous coronary intervention, or developed stent thrombosis. One patient (8.3%) died from a non-cardiac cause. The procedure demonstrates a high procedural success rate and leads to favorable long-term outcomes, including the absence of angina symptoms and the avoidance of stent-related complications. In conclusion, this study suggests that DES implantation can serve as an effective treatment option for selected patients with medically refractory angina and significant MB.

Percutaneous interventions of coronary artery fistulas: a single-center experience.

Introduction: Coronary artery fistula (CAF) is a congenital communication between the coronary artery and other vascular structures or cardiac chambers. Percutaneous CAF closure is an emerging alternative to surgery, but long-term outcome data are limited. Aim: To review our center's experience with percutaneous CAF closure methods. Material and methods: Patients who were admitted to our department and underwent percutaneous coronary artery fistula intervention between January 2002 and April 2022 due to presence of CAF-related symptoms or complications were retrospectively analyzed. Data were obtained retrospectively from the hospital electronic database. Results: A total of 39 patient were included. Mean age was 57.3 ±12.5 years and 23 (59%) patients were male. The most common symptom was angina (69.2%) and 51.2% of the patients were under treatment with at least one anti-anginal agent at admission. The right coronary artery (n = 19) and left anterior descending artery (n = 19) were the most common sites of CAF origin, and the pulmonary artery (n = 22) was the main drainage site. Coil embolization was performed most frequently and occlusion via cyanoacrylate in 3 patients and detachable balloon angioplasty in 1 patient were preferred. Percutaneous occlusion was achieved in 34 cases, 2 of the 5 failed cases underwent surgical occlusion, and remaining patients were treated with anti-anginal drugs. Complications occurred in 6 (15.3%) patients and all of the patients recovered without sequelae. Conclusions: Coronary artery fistulas may present with different symptoms or complications and there are several techniques for percutaneous occlusion. Percutaneous closure of CAF is feasible and safe in anatomically suitable vessels, with good results at follow-up.

Association of type 2 diabetes mellitus with coronary atherosclerotic plaque burden and morphology measured by multidetector computed tomography coronary angiography.

AIMS: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is strongly associated with increased risk of coronary artery disease (CAD). The aim of this study was to determine differences in presence, extent and morphology of coronary atherosclerotic plaques (CAP) detected by multidetector computed tomography (MDCT) between symptomatic patients with and without diabetes. METHODS: The CAPs (calcified, non-calcified, mixed) were compared between patients with/without diabetes (104/257 DM; mean age 58.6 +/- 11 y; 46.3% male) who underwent dual-source 64-slice MDCT for evaluation of CAD. Severity, extent and morphology of CAPs were determined per each segment. RESULTS: Critical coronary stenosis was higher in patients with diabetes (33.7% vs. 19.6%) after adjustment for all risk factors (P = 0.022). Patients with DM had a higher prevalence and extent of CAP compared to non-diabetic subjects (87.5% vs. 43.8%, 4.8 +/- 3.5 vs. 1.9 +/- 2.7, respectively; P < 0.001). Noncalcified and mixed CAP were more prevalent in patients with diabetes as compared to those without diabetes (2.61 +/- 2.63 vs. 0.86 +/- 1.69, 0.81 +/- 1.6 vs. 0.35 +/- 0.96, respectively, P < 0.001). Patients with DM tended to have higher prevalence of significant 1-, 2- and 3-vessel disease (P = 0.006). CONCLUSIONS: Among individuals referred for the evaluation of CAD, those with DM had a higher risk of coronary stenosis and overall increased CAP burden independent from other cardiovascular risk factors shown by MDCT. Further studies are needed to evaluate the prognostic value of different plaque compositions observed in patients with diabetes.

Comparison of atrial fibrillation ablation using cryoballoon versus radiofrequency in patients with left common pulmonary veins: mid-term follow-up results.

PURPOSE: Cryoballoon (CB) and radiofrequency (RF) ablation techniques have similar outcomes for pulmonary vein isolation (PVI) in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF). However, there is limited data about the impact of different ablation strategies in patients with left common pulmonary vein (LCPV). Our aim was to compare the safety and efficacy of RF and CB ablation in AF patients with LCPV. METHODS: One hundred and twenty-seven (n = 80 CB and n = 47 RF) AF patients with LCPV detected by preprocedural computerized tomography (CT) were included in the study. Ostial dimensions and trunk distance were measured in all patients. Atrial tachyarrhythmia (ATa) recurrence was defined as detection of AF, atrial flutter, or atrial tachycardia (≥ 30 s) after a 3-month blanking period. RESULTS: There was no significant difference in acute procedural success rates for PVI (97.5% in CB and 97.9% in RF, respectively, P = 0.953) and complication rates were similar between the groups (6 (7.5%) in CB and 4 (8.5%) in RF, respectively, P = 1.000). During a median follow-up of 20.7 (4.8-50.2) months for CB and 20.5 (6.2-36.0) months for RF, ATa recurrence was 35.0% and 38.2%, respectively (P = 0.777). Multivariate analysis did not reveal any of the morphologic parameters of LCPV as a significant predictor of ATa recurrence. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings demonstrated that both CB and RF ablation techniques have similar efficacy and safety in AF patients with LCPV during the mid-term follow-up.

Transthoracic echocardiography guidance during percutaneous closure of patent foramen ovale.

BACKGROUND: Percutaneous closure of patent foramen ovale (PFO) has been increasingly performed for several indications; mostly due to cryptogenic stroke. In this study we aimed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of transthoracic echocardiographic (TTE) guidance during percutaneous closure of PFO in using the Amplatzer and Occlutech Figulla PFO occluder devices. METHODS: Between October 2005 and March 2011, 139 patients (74 male, mean age: 40.4 ± 10.3) underwent transcatheter PFO closure. In all patients transesophageal echocardiography performed subsequently to diagnose, assess the size and evaluate for suitability of the defect for percutaneous closure. During the procedure fluoroscopy and TTE were used for guidance. RESULTS: Among 139 patients, Amplatzer PFO occluder was used in 74 patients and in 65 of them Occlutech Figulla device was selected for occlusion. The indications for PFO closure were ischemic stroke in 98 (70.5%), recurrent transient ischemic attacks (TIA) in 40 (28.7%), peripheral embolism in 1 (0.8%) of the patients. In all patients, percutaneous intervention was performed successfully under TTE guidance. There have been no neurologic (recurrent strokes or TIAs) and cardiovascular complications during the immediate and long-term follow-up period (2-67 months, median 29). There was significant difference between the mean fluoroscopic time from the beginning which is 8.6 ± 3.4 min in the former versus 3.4 ± 1.9 min in the latter (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Our study confirms the efficacy and safety of TTE guidance during percutaneous closure of PFO, which shortens the procedural time and obviates the need for general anesthesia or endotracheal intubation.

Pulmonary embolism presenting with evolving electrocardiographic abnormalities mimicking anteroseptal myocardial infarction: a case report.

OBJECTIVES: To report a case with dynamic ST segment elevation suggestive of anteroseptal acute myocardial infarction (AMI) that proved to be bilateral pulmonary thromboembolism (PTE). CLINICAL PRESENTATION AND INTERVENTION: A 50-year-old woman with syncope was transferred to the emergency department. Findings from the admission electrocardiogram were suggestive of anteroseptal AMI; however, coronary angiography revealed that the patient had normal coronary arteries. On further evaluation, the patient was found to have massive bilateral PTE. CONCLUSION: This report emphasizes the role of evolving electrocardiographic changes in the diagnosis of PTE, particularly in patients with chest pain and ST segment elevation suggestive of acute coronary syndrome.

[Percutaneous closure of interatrial septal defects: mid-term follow-up results]. / Interatriyal septal defektlerin perkütan yolla kapatilmasi: Orta dönem izlem sonuçlari

OBJECTIVES: We evaluated short- and mid-term results of percutaneous closure of atrial septal defects (ASD) and patent foramen ovale (PFO) using various closure devices. STUDY DESIGN: The study included 278 patients (128 men, 150 women; mean age 39±12 years; range 17 to 66 years) who underwent percutaneous closure of secundum ASD (n=134) or PFO (n=144). All the patients were assessed by transthoracic (TTE) and transesophageal (TEE) echocardiography before the procedure. Percutaneous closure was performed with the Amplatzer (n=180), Occlutech Figulla (n=92) or BioSTAR (n=6) devices. Closure of ASDs was performed under general anesthesia with TEE guidance, and closure of PFOs was performed under local anesthesia with TTE guidance. Follow-up controls were at 1, 6, and 12 months, and annually thereafter. The mean follow-up period was 35.1 ± 24.6 months for ASD cases, and 24.9 ± 15.5 months for PFO cases. RESULTS: The mean device size was 20.2 ± 5.6 mm for ASD cases and 24 ± 2.9 mm for PFO cases. The mean procedural and fluoroscopy times were 28.4 ± 6.1 min and 4.9 ± 2.1 min for ASD closure, and 18.2 ± 5.3 min and 3.6 ± 1.2 min for PFO closure, respectively. Procedural device embolization occurred in only one patient. No recurrent embolic events occurred after PFO closure, and no residual shunts were seen after ASD closure. Device thrombosis developed in two patients during the procedure and in one patient at one-year follow-up. CONCLUSION: Percutaneous closure of secundum ASDs and PFOs using the Amplatzer, Occlutech Figulla, and BioSTAR devices is an effective and safe treatment option.

[A retrospective analysis of our paclitaxel-eluting stent (Genius TAXCOR I) implantations and follow-up results]. / Paklitaksel salinimli stent (Genius TAXCOR I) uygulamalarimizin izlem sonuçlariyla birlikte geriye dönük degerlendirilmesi.

OBJECTIVES: We evaluated our paclitaxel-eluting stent (Genius TAXCOR I) implantations and follow-up results in patients with coronary artery disease. STUDY DESIGN: The study included 101 patients (75 men, 26 women; mean age 60±10 years) who underwent elective paclitaxel-eluting stent deployment for de novo native coronary artery lesions. Sixteen patients received two stents. Lesion types were as follows: type A (23.9%), type B1 (29.1%), type B2 (32.5%), and type C (14.5%). Twelve lesions (10.3%) exhibited mild tortuosity, 32 (27.4%) had mild calcification, 12 had (10.3%) an angulation of more than 45 degrees, while eight (7.7%) had thrombus. Following stent implantation, the patients were examined at 1, 6, and 12 months, and annually thereafter. The mean follow-up period was 48.9±5.7 months (range 35 to 60 months). RESULTS: Stent implantation was successful in all the patients. The mean diameter stenosis was 82.8±9.9%, the mean stent diameter was 3.1±0.6 mm, and the mean stent length was 16.0±5.2 mm. During the follow-up period, 46 patients (45.5%) required coronary angiography, of which eight (17.4%) received target vessel revascularization, and four (8.7%) received target lesion revascularization. One patient (1.0%) died from sudden cardiac death. CONCLUSION: The clinical and angiographic follow-up results of this study involving relatively low- and intermediate-risk patients indicate that the use of the Genius TAXCOR I stents is effective and beneficial for the prevention of stent thrombosis and restenosis.

Long-term follow-up outcomes in a real-world study cohort after percutaneous patent foramen ovale closure.

OBJECTIVE: In recent years, percutaneous closure of a patent foramen ovale (PFO) has gained widespread use. This study is an evaluation of the safety and efficacy of the Figulla and Amplatzer devices for PFO closure, including long-term follow-up results. METHODS: A total of 305 patients (43.6% male; mean age: 43.25±10.98 years) who underwent percutaneous PFO closure between 2003 and 2019 were enrolled. The Risk of Paradoxical Embolism (RoPE) score was calculated to predict the recurrence risk of cerebrovascular events due to PFO. Transthoracic echocardiography was used during the procedure. RESULTS: The devices were successfully implanted in all patients. The in-hospital periprocedural complications recorded were atrial fibrillation in 1 patient (0.3%), supraventricular tachycardia in 1 patient (0.3%), and femoral hematoma in 3 patients (1%). The procedure time and fluoroscopy time was 21.92±2.93 minutes and 2.19±0.24 minutes, respectively. Recurrent ischemic stroke or transient ischemic attack (TIA) was observed in 7 (2.2%) patients during the median 85.77 months (25th-75th percentile: 10.21-108.00 months) follow-up. The RoPE score was significantly lower in patients with recurrent ischemic cerebral event (stroke or TIA) compared with asymptomatic patients (p<0.001). Kaplan-Meier curve analysis revealed that there was no significant difference between PFO device types (Amplatzer: 2.4% vs. Figulla: 3.3%) in terms of recurrent ischemic cerebral events during follow-up (log-rank; p=0.642). CONCLUSION: Percutaneous PFO closure was safe, feasible, and effective. Our study confirmed the efficacy and safety of transthoracic echocardiogram guidance during percutaneous closure of PFO, which shortens the procedure time. A lower RoPE score was related to the recurrence risk of ischemic cerebrovascular events.