Assuntos
Mortalidade da Criança , Saúde Global , Humanos , Mortalidade da Criança/tendências , Pré-Escolar , LactenteRESUMO
Unilateral or bilateral hard bony enlargement is sometimes palpated over dairy cows' ribs. Although usually not painful, these injuries may have welfare and economic implications and can be used as indicators of poor husbandry conditions. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of rib lesions in dairy cows kept in intensive systems and to identify the risk factors either associated with the housing or with the animal's clinical history. We examined the ribs of all 1319 lactating cows from 22 Portuguese dairy farms. In each farm, housing and animal potential risk factors were recorded. Additionally, clinical examination, including lameness scoring, was performed on all cows showing rib lesions. The global rib lesions' prevalence per farm was 2.3%, ranging from 0% (n = 12 farms) to 6.1% (n = 1 farm). Lesions were found in cows with an average of 3.7 lactations. The main farm risk factors were narrow stalls; insufficient feeding places; insufficient cubicles; and the presence of an exposed curb at the back end of the stalls. Rib lesions were associated with a history of lameness but not with lame cows at the moment of examination or a history of being a downer cow. In conclusion, rib lesions' prevalence can be high in some farms, being significantly associated with cubicle design and lameness. By being associated with chronic lameness and inadequate housing, rib lesions should be included in dairy cows' welfare assessment protocols.
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BACKGROUND: Most neurological diseases have no curative treatment; therefore, focusing on prevention is key. Continuous research to uncover the protective and risk factors associated with different neurological diseases is crucial to successfully inform prevention strategies. eHealth has been showing promising advantages in healthcare and public health and may therefore be relevant to facilitate epidemiological studies. OBJECTIVE: In this study, we performed a Delphi consensus exercise to identify the key screening tests to inform the development of a digital neurological examination tool for epidemiological research. METHODS: Twelve panellists (six experts in neurological examination, five experts in data collection-two were also experts in the neurological examination, and three experts in participant experience) of different nationalities joined the Delphi exercise. Experts in the neurological examination provided a selection of items that allow ruling out neurological impairment and can be performed by trained health workers. The items were then rated by them and other experts in terms of their feasibility and acceptability. RESULTS: Ten tests and seven anamnestic questions were included in the final set of screening items for the digital neurological examination. Three tests and five anamnestic questions were excluded from the final selection due to their low ratings on feasibility. CONCLUSION: This work identifies the key feasible and acceptable screening tests and anamnestic questions to build an electronic tool for performing the neurological examination, in the absence of a neurologist.
Assuntos
Consenso , Técnica Delphi , Doenças do Sistema Nervoso , Exame Neurológico , Humanos , Exame Neurológico/normas , Exame Neurológico/métodos , Doenças do Sistema Nervoso/diagnóstico , Estudos Epidemiológicos , FemininoRESUMO
Some bacteria have developed mechanisms to withstand the stress caused by ionizing radiation. The ability of these radioresistant microorganisms to survive high levels of radiation is primarily attributed to their DNA repair mechanisms and the production of protective metabolites. To determine the effect of irradiation on bacterial growth, we propose to compare the metabolites produced by the irradiated isolates to those of the control (non-irradiated isolates) using mass spectrometry, molecular networking, and chemometric analysis. We identified the secondary metabolites produced by these bacteria and observed variations in growth following irradiation. Notably, after 48 h of exposure to radiation, Pantoea sp. bacterial cells exhibited a significant 6-log increase compared to non-irradiated cells. Non-irradiated cells produce exclusively Pyridindolol, 1-hydroxy-4-methylcarbostyril, N-alkyl, and N-2-alkoxyethyl diethanolamine, while 5'-methylthioadenosine was detected only in irradiated cells. These findings suggest that the metabolic profile of Pantoea sp. remained relatively stable. The results obtained from this study have the potential to facilitate the development of innovative strategies for harnessing the capabilities of endophytic bacteria in radiological protection and bioremediation of radionuclides.
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BACKGROUND: People living with HIV (PLWH), even when viral replication is controlled through antiretroviral therapy (ART), experience persistent inflammation. This inflammation is partly attributed to intestinal microbial dysbiosis and translocation, which may lead to non-AIDS-related aging-associated comorbidities. The extent to which living with HIV - influenced by the infection itself, ART usage, sexual orientation, or other associated factors - affects the biological age of the intestines is unclear. Furthermore, the role of microbial dysbiosis and translocation in the biological aging of PLWH remains to be elucidated. To investigate these uncertainties, we used a systems biology approach, analyzing colon and ileal biopsies, blood samples, and stool specimens from PLWH on ART and people living without HIV (PLWoH) as controls. RESULTS: PLWH exhibit accelerated biological aging in the colon, ileum, and blood, as measured by various epigenetic aging clocks, compared to PLWoH. Investigating the relationship between microbial translocation and biological aging, PLWH had decreased levels of tight junction proteins in the intestines, along with increased microbial translocation. This intestinal permeability correlated with faster biological aging and increased inflammation. When investigating the relationship between microbial dysbiosis and biological aging, the intestines of PLWH had higher abundance of specific pro-inflammatory bacteria, such as Catenibacterium and Prevotella. These bacteria correlated with accelerated biological aging. Conversely, the intestines of PLWH had lower abundance of bacteria known for producing the anti-inflammatory short-chain fatty acids, such as Subdoligranulum and Erysipelotrichaceae, and these bacteria were associated with slower biological aging. Correlation networks revealed significant links between specific microbial genera in the colon and ileum (but not in feces), increased aging, a rise in pro-inflammatory microbe-related metabolites (e.g., those in the tryptophan metabolism pathway), and a decrease in anti-inflammatory metabolites like hippuric acid. CONCLUSIONS: We identified specific microbial compositions and microbiota-related metabolic pathways that are intertwined with intestinal and systemic biological aging. This microbial signature of biological aging is likely reflecting various factors including the HIV infection itself, ART usage, sexual orientation, and other aspects associated with living with HIV. A deeper understanding of the mechanisms underlying these connections could offer potential strategies to mitigate accelerated aging and its associated health complications. Video Abstract.
Assuntos
Microbioma Gastrointestinal , Infecções por HIV , Humanos , Feminino , Masculino , Infecções por HIV/tratamento farmacológico , Disbiose/microbiologia , Microbioma Gastrointestinal/genética , Intestinos/microbiologia , Envelhecimento , Bactérias/genética , Inflamação/microbiologia , Anti-InflamatóriosRESUMO
People living with HIV (PLWH) experience increased vulnerability to premature aging and inflammation-associated comorbidities, even when HIV replication is suppressed by antiretroviral therapy (ART). However, the factors associated with this vulnerability remain uncertain. In the general population, alterations in the N-glycans on IgGs trigger inflammation and precede the onset of aging-associated diseases. Here, we investigate the IgG N-glycans in cross-sectional and longitudinal samples from 1214 women and men, living with and without HIV. PLWH exhibit an accelerated accumulation of pro-aging-associated glycan alterations and heightened expression of senescence-associated glycan-degrading enzymes compared to controls. These alterations correlate with elevated markers of inflammation and the severity of comorbidities, potentially preceding the development of such comorbidities. Mechanistically, HIV-specific antibodies glycoengineered with these alterations exhibit a reduced ability to elicit anti-HIV Fc-mediated immune activities. These findings hold potential for the development of biomarkers and tools to identify and prevent premature aging and comorbidities in PLWH.
Assuntos
Senilidade Prematura , Infecções por HIV , Masculino , Humanos , Feminino , Imunoglobulina G , Estudos Transversais , Envelhecimento , Inflamação/complicações , PolissacarídeosRESUMO
A mastectomia preventiva relacionada às neoplasias de mama precoces é um tema de grande importância na área da oncologia, especialmente para mulheres com alto risco genético de desenvolver câncer de mama. Objetivo: Descrever como a mastectomia relaciona-se com a prevenção de neoplasias de mama precoces. Métodos: Trata-se de uma revisão integrativa da literatura. Para construção da pesquisa, a coleta e análise de dados foi realizada através do Portal da Biblioteca Virtual da Saúde e da base de dados Medical Literature Analysis and Retrievel System Online via PubMed, através dos Descritores em Ciências da Saúde (DeCS): "Mastectomia Profilática", "Neoplasias da Mama" e "Fatores de Risco" combinados entre si pelo operador booleano AND. Como critérios de inclusão: estudos relacionados à temática excluindo-se as revisões de literatura, com delimitação temporal dos últimos cinco anos, nos idiomas inglês, português e espanhol. A questão norteadora foi construída com base na estratégia PICo de acordo com a descrição (População, Interesse e Contexto). Resultados: Foram encontrados 76 artigos, destes 64 foram excluídos devido aos filtros utilizados e a leitura dos resumos e na íntegra, restando apenas 12 estudos para compor a amostra final. Em suma, os estudos demonstram que a mastectomia preventiva pode oferecer às mulheres com alto risco genético uma opção para reduzir suas chances de desenvolver câncer de mama. Conclusão: A mastectomia preventiva relacionada às neoplasias de mama precoces é uma opção terapêutica complexa e individualizada, que busca reduzir o risco de desenvolvimento ou recorrência do câncer de mama em mulheres de alto risco
: Preventive mastectomy related to early breast neoplasms is a topic of great concern in the field of oncology, especially for women with a high genetic risk of developing breast cancer. Objective: To describe how mastectomy is related to the prevention of early breast cancer. Methods: This is an integrative literature review. For the construction of the research, data collection and analysis was carried out through the Virtual Health Library Portal and the Medical Literature Analysis and Retrievel System Online database via PubMed, through the Health Sciences Descriptors (DeCS): "Prophylactic Mastectomy","Breast Neoplasms" and "Risk Factors" combined with the Boolean AND operator. As inclusion criteria: studies related to the theme excluding literature reviews,with publication time delimitation of the last five years, in English, Portuguese and Spanish. The research question was structured based on the PICo strategy according to the description (Population, Interest and Context). Results: 76 articles were found, of which 64 were excluded after the filters application. We performed the reading of abstracts and full text, and 12 studies were selected to compose the final sample. In summary, studies demonstrate that preventive mastectomy can offer women at high genetic risk an option to reduce their chances of developing breast cancer. Conclusion: Preventive mastectomy related to early breast neoplasms is a complex and individualized therapeutic option that seeks to reduce the risk of breast cancer development or recurrence in high-risk women
Assuntos
Humanos , Feminino , Neoplasias da Mama , Detecção Precoce de Câncer , Fatores de Risco , Mastectomia Profilática/psicologiaRESUMO
Resumo O consentimento livre e esclarecido, como forma de garantir envolvimento e participação em tratamento, é parte da abordagem terapêutica à pessoa com problemas relacionados ao uso de álcool. O valor ético central da autonomia e sua imanência para o consentimento informado apresenta desafios ético-clínicos no caso de pessoa que busca tratamento em situação de coerção, ansiedade ou depressão. Entre abril de 2018 e junho de 2019, conduziu-se estudo observacional longitudinal prospetivo que incluiu 150 pessoas com problemas relacionados ao uso de álcool assistidas em unidade especializada de tratamento. O objetivo foi verificar se o consentimento com interferência de coerção, perturbação de ansiedade ou depressão determina a participação terapêutica. A ausência de coerção judicial e sintomatologia ansiosa e a maior valorização da perceção de autonomia no consentimento informado relacionaram-se com a participação. Propõem-se contributos para reforçar a prática do consentimento informado assente no reconhecimento e promoção da autonomia.
Abstract Informed consent, as a way to ensure involvement and treatment adherence, is part of the therapeutic approach to individuals with alcohol-related disorders. Autonomy, as a core ethical value, and its immanence for informed consent presents ethical-clinical challenges in the case of individuals seeking treatment due to coercion, anxiety, or depression. Between April 2018 and June 2019, a prospective longitudinal observational study was conducted with 150 people with alcohol-related disorders attending a specialized treatment facility. The goal was to verify whether consent obtained under coercion, or influenced by anxiety disorder or depression determines therapeutic participation. Absence of judicial coercion and anxious symptomatology and the greater value placed on perceived autonomy in informed consent were related to participation. The study proposes contributions to strengthen the practice of obtaining informed consent based on the recognition and promotion of autonomy.
Resumen El consentimiento informado, que garantiza comprometimiento y participación en el tratamiento, forma parte del enfoque terapéutico del manejo de la persona con problemas relacionados al consumo de alcohol. El valor ético de la autonomía y su inmanencia para el consentimiento informado tiene desafíos ético-clínicos en el caso de personas que buscan tratamiento en situación de coerción, ansiedad o depresión. Entre abril de 2018 y junio de 2019 se realizó un estudio observacional longitudinal prospectivo con 150 personas con problemas relacionados al consumo de alcohol, asistidas por un centro de tratamiento especializado. Este estudio pretendió confirmar si el consentimiento por coerción, trastorno de ansiedad o depresión influye en la participación terapéutica. La ausencia de coerción judicial y de síntomas ansiosos, así como la mayor autonomía en el consentimiento se relacionaron con la participación. Se proponen aportes para reforzar la práctica del consentimiento informado desde el reconocimiento y promoción de la autonomía.
Assuntos
Transtornos de Ansiedade , Participação do Paciente , Bioética , Coerção , Transtornos Relacionados ao Uso de Álcool , Depressão , Consentimento Livre e EsclarecidoRESUMO
Abstract Guarana, the fruit of Paullinia cupana, is known for its stimulating and medicinal properties by the Amazonian indigenous population and communities. However, it presents serious phytopathological problems, such as anthracnose disease caused by Colletotrichum spp. The objective of this study was to verify if C. siamense, a mycovirus-carrying endophytic fungus, could protect guarana seedlings, by reducing or by eliminating characteristic disease symptoms. Other physiological changes in the plant caused by the presence of this endophyte were also evaluated. The cuttings of the Cereçaporanga cultivar were dipped in a biological control suspension and planted in a specific substrate. After four months in the greenhouse, the seedlings were sprayed with a suspension of phytopathogen conidia, and a portion of these seedlings received the fungicide indicated for the crop to be compared with the control seedlings. After 28 days, the number of lesions, morphophysiological and macro characteristics, and leaf micronutrients were evaluated. The seedlings treated with C. siamense showed a lower percentage of lesions and an increased aerial part and root system compared to the other treatments. There were no significant differences between treatments regarding the percentage of macronutrients and micronutrients.
Assuntos
Colletotrichum/virologia , Paullinia , Micovírus , Ecossistema AmazônicoRESUMO
O teste cardiopulmonar de exercício (TCPE) é utilizado para aplicações clínicas na avaliação da intolerância ao exercício não diagnosticada e na determinação da capacidade funcional. O TCPE é importante na pesquisa clínica em pacientes com apneia obstrutiva do sono (AOS), com a necessidade de mensuração da capacidade funcional e limitações físicas. O objetivo foi identificar o protocolo e ergometro mais utilizado em pacientes com AOS, se o protocolo reflete no nível de capacidade funcional e avaliar o comportamento do consumo de oxigênio de pico (VO2pico). Trata-se de uma revisão sistemática realizada de 2005 a 2017. A busca foi realizada nas bases de dados Pub-Med, LILACS, Medline e PEDro. Dos 25 estudos analisados a amostra total foi de 1124 pacientes. Os estudos que analisaram o VO2pico somaram 583 pacientes. O protocolo de rampa foi o mais utilizado, a escolha deve ser individual, considerando as características e limitações da população estudada.
Cardiopulmonary Exercise Testing (CPET) is used for clinical applications in assessing intolerance to undiagnosed exercise and in determining functional capacity. CPET is important in clinical research in patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), with the need to measure functional capacity and physical limitations. The objective was to identify the protocol and ergometer most used in patients with OSA if the protocol reflects on the functional capacity level and to evaluate the behavior of peak oxygen consumption (VO2peak). It is a systematic review carried out from 2005 to 2017. The search was performed in Pub-Med, LILACS, Medline and PEDro databases. The 25 studies analyzed the total sample was 1124 patients. The studies that analyzed VO2peak totaled 583 patients. The ramp protocol was the most used, the choice must be individual, considering the characteristics and limitations of the study population.
RESUMO
La prueba de esfuerzo cardiopulmonar (CPET) se utiliza en aplicaciones clínicas para evaluar la intolerancia al ejercicio no diagnosticada y determinar la capacidad funcional. El CPET es importante en la investigación clínica en pacientes con Apnea Obstructiva del Sueño (AOS), con la necesidad de medir la capacidad funcional y las limitaciones físicas. El objetivo fue identificar el protocolo y el ergómetro más utilizados en pacientes con AOS, si el protocolo se refleja en el nivel de capacidad funcional y evaluar el comportamiento del Pico de Consumo de Oxígeno (VO2pico). Se trata de una revisión sistemática realizada entre 2005 y 2017. La búsqueda se realizó en las bases de datos PubMed, LILACS, MEDLINE y PEDro. De los 25 estudios analizados, la muestra total fue de 1124 pacientes. Los estudios que analizaron el VO2peak sumaron 583 pacientes. El protocolo de rampa fue el más utilizado, y la elección debe ser individual, teniendo en cuenta las características y limitaciones de la población estudiada.
The Cardiopulmonary Exercise Test (CPET) is used for clinical applications to assess undiagnosed exercise intolerance and determine functional capacity. The CPET is important in clinical research in patients with Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA), with the need to measure functional capacity and physical limitations. The aim was to identify the protocol and ergometer most commonly used in patients with OSA, whether the protocol reflects on the level of functional capacity and to evaluate the behavior of Peak Oxygen Consumption (VO2peak). This is a systematic review carried out from 2005 to 2017. The search was carried out in the PubMed, LILACS, MEDLINE and PEDro databases. Of the 25 studies analyzed, the total sample was 1124 patients. The studies that analyzed VO2peak totaled 583 patients. The ramp protocol was the most widely used, and the choice should be individual, taking into account the characteristics and limitations of the population studied.
O Teste Cardiopulmonar de Exercício (TCPE) é utilizado para aplicações clínicas na avaliação da intolerância ao exercício não diagnosticada e na determinação da capacidade funcional. O TCPE é importante na pesquisa clínica em pacientes com Apneia Obstrutiva do Sono (AOS), com a necessidade de mensuração da capacidade funcional e limitações físicas. O objetivo foi identificar o protocolo e ergometro mais utilizado em pacientes com AOS, se o protocolo reflete no nível de capacidade funcional e avaliar o comportamento do Consumo de Oxigênio de Pico (VO2pico). Trata-se de uma revisão sistemática realizada de 2005 a 2017. A busca foi realizada nas bases de dados PubMed, LILACS, MEDLINE e PEDro. Dos 25 estudos analisados a amostra total foi de 1124 pacientes. Os estudos que analisaram o VO2pico somaram 583 pacientes. O protocolo de rampa foi o mais utilizado, a escolha deve ser individual, considerando as características e limitações da população estuda
Assuntos
Humanos , Teste de EsforçoRESUMO
Endophytic microorganisms live inside the plants without causing any damage to their hosts. In the agricultural field, these endophytes might be a strategy of biological control for phytopathogens. We aimed to isolate endophytic fungifrom yellowpassion fruit (Passiflora edulis) leaves, evaluating its biocontrol capacity by in vitroantagonism against phytopathogen Colletotrichum sp. CNPU378. We also carried out greenhouse experiments in bean seedlings. A high colonization frequency was obtained (89%), and the molecular identification based on DNA sequencing attested Colletotrichumas the most frequent genus and minor occurrence of Curvulariaendophytes. The endophytes tested showed different types of competitive interactions in in vitro antagonism inhibition rate ranging from 28.8 to 48.8%. There were 10 promising antagonists tested for their antagonist activity of crude extracts of secondary metabolites, in which strain PE-36 (20.8%) stood out among the other strains evaluated. In the greenhouse assay, plants inoculated only with endophyte Colletotrichumsp. PE-36 was symptomless and suggest that the endophyte strengthened the growth promotion in common bean plants, especially in the root length and number of leaves when compared to control plantsand other treatments. Despite many fungiof Colletotrichumgenus being described as causative agents of anthracnose, in this study, the plant sampled was colonized predominantly by Colletotrichumendophytes living in asymptomatic relationship. By the way,we come across a Colletotrichumsp. endophyte able to antagonize a Colletotrichumsp. pathogen
Assuntos
Bioprospecção , Filogenia , Passiflora/genética , Passiflora/microbiologia , Colletotrichum , FungosRESUMO
The present study aimed to evaluate and diagnose pathologies of the reproductive system of slaughtered sheep in slaughterhouses in the state of Bahia since there are few data on the subject as well as it is important to note the diagnosis of these diseases to apply appropriate control and prophylaxis measures. The research was carried out in slaughterhouses in the state of Bahia according to the "Serviço de Inspeção Federal" and "Serviço de Inspeção Estadual" for sheep slaughter. From July 2018 to February 2019, visits and monitoring of 1,072 slaughtered sheep were carried out. The animals came from 22 municipalities in the state of Bahia, aged from six to 18 months. During slaughter, the sheep reproductive systems were sectioned for evisceration and lesion collection. Additionally, epidemiological surveys related to origin, age, and race were obtained. For bacteriological examination, collections were performed with sterile scalpel slides and swabs in Stuart medium sterile tubes and refrigerated in a thermal box. For histopathological analysis, fragments were fixed in 10% formaldehyde and routinely processed for histology, stained with Hematoxylin and Eosin (HE). A study of the sheep's main pathological changes in slaughterhouses in the state of Bahia was carried out, in which 1.072 genital systems were evaluated, and 211 alterations were identified. The most affected reproductive organs were the ovaries (65.3%), followed by the uterus (29.4%) and uterine tubes (5.3%). In the ovaries, the most frequent lesion was a follicular cyst (34.1%); in the fallopian tubes, the cysts represented 3.3% of the lesions, and in the womb, endometritis was observed in 9% of the animals. Other pathologies identified in the ovaries were: luteinized cyst (2.3%); cystic granulosa cell tumor (0.5%); benign lesion (0.5%); agenesis unilateral (0.5%), in addition to other changes of little clinical significance, such as corpus luteum cysts (11.8%) and paraovarian cysts (15.6%). In the fallopian tubes, hydrosalpinx was observed (1%), as well as adenoma (0.5%), agenesis (0.5%), and cysts (3.3%). Uterine lesions included hydrometra (2.3%); Cystic Endometrial Hyperplasia (CEH), abscess, and pyometra (1.4% each); adenomyosis, womb sera petechiae, and total segmental aplasia (1% each); two pregnant uterus, in early pregnancy, presented pyometra (0.9%), however, no change was observed in the fetuses; and uterine polyp (0.5%). Ectopic pregnancy with fetal maceration (0.5%) was observed; vaginitis occurred in 0.5% of the animals, and endometrial melanosis in 8.5%. The high incidence of follicular cysts and endometritis are characterized as diseases that reduce the reproductive efficiency in herds, causing infertility and economic losses in production.(AU)
O objetivo do presente trabalho foi avaliar e diagnosticar alterações do sistema reprodutor de ovelhas abatidas em abatedouros frigoríficos no estado da Bahia. A pesquisa foi realizada em abatedouros frigoríficos do estado da Bahia com Serviços de Inspeção Federal e Estadual no abate de ovinos. No período de julho de 2018 a fevereiro de 2019 foram realizadas visitas e acompanhamento do abate de 1.072 ovelhas. Os animais eram provenientes de 22 municípios do estado da Bahia, com idade entre 6 a 18 meses. Durante o abate, na evisceração foram seccionados os sistemas reprodutores das ovelhas para avaliação e coleta das lesões. Adicionalmente foram obtidos inquéritos epidemiológicos relacionados à procedência, idade e raça. Para o exame bacteriológico, as coletas foram realizadas com lâminas de bisturi estéreis e swabs em tubos estéreis com meio Stuart e refrigeradas em caixa térmica. Para análise histopatológica, os fragmentos foram fixados em formol a 10% e processados de forma rotineira para histologia e corados pela hematoxilina e eosina (HE). Entre 1.072 sistemas genitais avaliados, identificou-se 211 alterações. Os órgãos do sistema reprodutor mais acometidos foram os ovários (65,3%), útero (29,4%) e tubas uterinas (5,3%). Nos ovários, a lesão mais frequente foi o cisto folicular (34,1%); no útero a endometrite (9%) e nas tubas uterinas, os cistos representaram (3,3%). Outras lesões identificadas nos ovários foram: cisto luteinizado (2,3%); tumor de células da granulosa (0,5%); adenoma (0,5%); agenesia unilateral (0,5%), além de outras alterações de pouco significado clínico, como cistos paraovarianos (15,6%) e corpo lúteo cístico (11,8%). Nas tubas uterinas observou-se, além dos cistos tubo-ovarianos (3,3%), hidrossalpinge (1%), adenoma (0,5%) e agenesia (0,5%). As lesões uterinas foram endometrite (9%), hidrometra (2,3%); hiperplasia endometrial cística, abscesso e piometra (1,4% cada); adenomiose, petéquias na serosa do útero e aplasia segmentar (1% cada); dois úteros gravídicos, em início de gestação, apresentaram piometra (0,9%), porém os fetos não apresentaram alterações; e pólipo uterino (0,5%). Observou-se uma gestação ectópica com maceração fetal (0,5%); a vaginite ocorreu em 0,5%, e melanose endometrial em 8,5%. Destaca-se a elevada incidência de cistos foliculares e endometrite que são doenças que reduzem a eficiência reprodutiva dos rebanhos, provocando infertilidade e perdas econômicas na produção.(AU)
Assuntos
Animais , Ovinos/anatomia & histologia , Endometrite/patologia , Genitália Feminina/fisiopatologia , Genitália Feminina/lesões , Inquéritos e Questionários , MatadourosRESUMO
Two young opossums were necropsied and diagnosed with rickets. This study aims to describe the clinical-pathological aspects of rickets in Didelphis albiventris. Macroscopically, the opossums presented kyphosis and scoliosis, lateral deviation of the limbs in varus, locomotion difficulty, and enlargement with softening of costochondral junctions (rickety rosary). Samples of bones and joints were processed for hematoxylin and eosin staining and Masson's trichrome. Microscopically, we observed thickening of the epiphyseal plate, characterized by irregular and multifocal proliferation of serialized and hypertrophic cartilage zones, which formed circular groups of large, dysplastic chondrocytes towards the spongy zone, often surrounded by non-mineralized osteoid tissue. In the cortical bone, there were pale eosinophilic zones around the Havers channels consistent with non-mineralized osteoid. The staining of Masson's trichrome evidenced the accumulation of osteoid tissue in cortical and trabecular bones. It is possible that a mixed cause of absorption deficiency of vitamin D3 associated with an unbalanced Ca:P diet based on lactose-free milk and fruits may have triggered the disease.(AU)
Dois gambás jovens foram necropsiados e diagnosticados com raquitismo. O objetivo do trabalho é descrever os aspectos clínico-patológicos de raquitismo em Didelphis albiventris. Macroscopicamente os gambás apresentaram cifose e escoliose, desvio lateral dos membros em varus, dificuldade de locomoção e alargamento com amolecimento das junções costocondrais (rosário raquítico). Amostras dos ossos e articulações foram processadas para coloração de hematoxilina e eosina e Tricrômico de Masson. Microscopicamente havia espessamento da placa epifisária, caracterizada pela proliferação irregular e multifocal das zonas de cartilagem seriada e hipertrófica, que formavam grupos circulares de condrócitos grandes, displásicos em direção a zona esponjosa frequentemente cercados por tecido osteoide não mineralizado. No osso cortical haviam zonas eosinofílicas pálidas ao redor dos canais de Havers consistentes com osteoide não mineralizado. A coloração de Tricrômico de Masson evidenciou o acúmulo de tecido osteoide no nosso cortical e trabecular. Acredita-se que uma causa mista de déficit de absorção de vitamina D3 associada a uma dieta desbalanceada em Ca:P a base de leite sem lactose e frutas tenha desencadeado a doença.(AU)
Assuntos
Animais , Fósforo , Raquitismo/veterinária , Deficiência de Vitamina D/veterinária , Cálcio , DidelphisRESUMO
We have previously reported that ß-(1â3,1â6)-á´ -glucans produced by endophytes Diaporthe sp. G27-60 and G65-65 (GenBank accession codes JF766998 and JF767007, respectively) are promising anti-proliferation agents against human breast carcinoma (MCF-7) and hepatocellular carcinoma (HepG2-C3A) cells. However, the literature fails to describe the effects of Diaporthe exopolysaccharides (EPS) on eukaryotic healthy cells. The fungus Metarhiziumanisopliae has been employed as model-system to evaluate the toxicity of pharmaceutical and agricultural-interest substances, taking into account, among other parameters, the speed of conidia germination. Current study verified the effect of different concentrations of Diaporthe ß-glucans on the germination speed of M. anisopliae. Conidia were incubated with ß-glucans treatments (50, 200 and 400 µg/mL) at 28ºC, sampled during 24 h and analyzed by light microscopy. At the end of a 24-h incubation, the amount of germinated conidia reached ≈99% for controls and ranged between 97.7 and 98.6% for treatments. Bayesian analysis indicated that Diaporthe glucans had no toxicity on M. anisopliaeand the curve of germination occurred as expected for this fungal strain. Considering the validity of filamentous fungi as model-systems, results are important data on the toxicity of endophytic EPS on healthy cells and may be associated with our previous results obtained for these polymers against tumor cells.
Anteriormente, um estudo mostrou que ß-(1â3,1â6)-á´ -glucanas produzidas pelos endófitos Diaporthe sp. G27-60 e G65-65 (códigos de acesso no GenBank JF766998 e JF767007, respectivamente) são agentes promissores com ação antiproliferativa contra células HepG2-C3A (hepatoma humano) e MCF-7 (adenocarcinoma mamário humano). No entanto, os efeitos de exopolissacarídeos (EPS) produzidos por fungos do gênero Diaporthe em células eucarióticas sadias não estão descritos na literatura atual. O fungo Metarhiziumanisopliae tem sido utilizado como sistema-modelo para avaliar a toxicidade de substâncias de interesse farmacêutico e agronômico, considerando, entre outros parâmetros, a velocidade de germinação de conídios. O presente estudo teve como objetivo verificar os efeitos de diferentes concentrações de ß-glucanas produzidas por Diaporthe sp. sobre a velocidade de germinação de M. anisopliae. Os conídios foram incubados com os tratamentos de ß-glucanas (50, 200 e 400 µg/mL) a 28 ºC, com amostras coletadas ao longo de 24 h, e analisados por microscopia de luz. Ao final das 24 h de incubação, o total de conídios germinados nos controles foi de ≈99%, e variou entre 97,7 e 98,6% para os tratamentos. A análise bayesiana indicou que as glucanas de Diaporthe sp. não apresentaram toxicidade sobre M. anisopliae, e a curva de germinação atendeu ao esperado para essa linhagem fúngica. Considerando a validade dos fungos filamentosos como sistemas-modelo, esses resultados representam dados importantes sobre a toxicidade dos EPS de endófitos sobre células sadias e podem ser associados aos resultados anteriormente obtidos para esses polímeros em testes contra células tumorais.
Assuntos
Teorema de Bayes , Endófitos , FungosRESUMO
ABSTRACT Endophyte microorganisms have great biotechnological interest, with features applicable to different areas and are potentially useful in agriculture. The current study determines the biotechnological potential of endophytic fungi, isolated from leaves of Sapindus saponaria, to control phytopathogenic fungi and evaluate their enzyme production. Molecular taxonomy was performed by sequencing of the ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 ribosomal DNA region, identifying the genera Phomopsis, Sordariomycetes, Diaporthe, and Colletotrichum. In vitro antagonism against phytopathogens showed better results against Fusarium solani and provided inhibition indices between 41.8 % and 67.5 %. The endophytic strain SS81 (Diaporthe citri) presented the highest antagonism index against the pathogen. Against Glomerella sp. and Moniliophthora perniciosa, inhibition rates ranged between 18.7 % and 57.4 % and between 38.3 % and 64.8 %, respectively. Enzyme assays revealed that strain SS65 (Diaporthe sp.) produced 1.16 UI μmol/min of amylase; strain SS77 (Diaporthe sp.) produced 2.74 UI μmol/min of pectinase, and strain SS08 (Diaporthe sp.) produced 1.51 UI μmol/min of cellulase. Thus, the current study shows evidence the importance of isolated endophytes with phytoprotective properties of plants with medicinal properties as alternatives for biological control and natural sources of products with biotechnological interest.
RESUMEN Los microorganismos endofíticos tienen gran interés biotecnológico, con características aplicables a diferentes áreas y potencialmente útiles en la agricultura. El presente estudio determinó el potencial biotecnológico de los hongos endofíticos, aislados de las hojas de Sapindus saponaria, en el control de hongos fitopatógenos y evaluación de su producción de enzimática. La taxonomía molecular fue realizada por la secuencia de la región ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 del ADN ribosomal, identificando los géneros Phomopsis, Sordariomycetes, Diaporthe y Colletotrichum. El antagonismo in vitro contra fitopatógenos mostró mejores resultados contra Fusarium solani y proporcionó índices de inhibición de entre el 41,8 % y el 67,5 %. El linaje endofítico SS81 (Diaporthe citri) presentó el mayor índice de antagonismo contra los patógenos. Contra Glomerella sp. y Moniliophthora perniciosa, las tasas de inhibición variaron entre el 18,7 % y el 57,4 % y entre el 38,3 % y el 64,8 %, respectivamente. El ensayo enzimático reveló que el linaje SS65 (Diaporthe sp.) produjo 1,16 UI μmol / min de amilasa; el linaje SS77 (Diaporthe sp.) produjo 2,74 UI μmol / min de pectinasa; y el linaje SS08 (Diaporthe sp.) produjo 1,51 UI μmol / min de celulasa. Así, el presente estudio evidencia la importancia de los endófitos aislados con propiedades fitoprotectoras como alternativas para el control biológico y como fuentes naturales de productos con interés biotecnológico.
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The pata-de-vaca (Bauhinia divaricata L.) tree is a species widely distributed in Brazil, it has a high ornamental and economic value. Its leaves are used in renal inflammations, such as diuretic, hypoglycemic, being considered a medicinal plant of popular use. The research was carried out in a greenhouse belonging to the Laboratório de Ecologia Vegetal, at the Centro de Ciências Agrárias (CCA), from Universidade Federal of Paraíba (UFPB). The objective was to evaluate the morphophysiological characteristics of B. divaricata plants at different water regimes. The experimental design was completely randomized with five water treatments 1 (100% control), 2 (80%), 3 (60%), 4 (40%) and 5 (20%) of the container capacity. The height, number of leaves and stem diameter were evaluated weekly. At the end of the experiment the plants had their organs separated and taken to the greenhouse to obtain the dry matter of the leaves, stem, roots and total dry matter, and also, biomass allocation in the leaves, stem and roots. Plant height did not differ statistically between the treatments. The number of leaves, diameter, leaf, stem and root allocation and root and shoot dry matter were higher under water availability (100% of container capacity). For the production of B. divaricata L. seedlings water regime should be 100% and 80% of the container capacity, but the seedlings grow satisfactorily.
A pata-de-vaca (Bauhinia divaricata L.) é uma espécie arbórea, amplamente distribuída no Brasil, de alto valor ornamental e econômico. Suas folhas são utilizadas nas inflamações renais, como diuréticas, hipoglicemiantes, sendo considerada uma planta medicinal de uso popular. A pesquisa foi desenvolvida em casa de vegetação pertencente ao Laboratório de Ecologia Vegetal, Centro de Ciências Agrárias (CCA), Universidade Federal da Paraíba (UFPB). O Objetivo foi avaliar as características morfofisiológicas em plantas de Bauhinia divaricata em diferentes regimes hídricos. O delineamento experimental foi inteiramente casualizado com cinco tratamentos hídrico 100%, 80%, 60%, 40% e 20% da capacidade de pote. Avaliou-se, semanalmente a altura, número de folhas e diâmetro do caule. Ao final do experimento as plantas tiveram seus órgãos separados e levados à estufa para obtenção da matéria seca das folhas, caule, raízes e massa seca total, e ainda, alocação de biomassa nas folhas, caule e raízes. A altura de plantas não diferiu estatisticamente entre os tratamentos, o número de folhas, diâmetro, alocação de folhas, caules e raízes e massas seca da raiz e parte aérea foram maiores sob maior disponibilidade de água (100% da capacidade do recipiente). Para a produção de mudas de B. divaricata L. o regime hídrico deve ser de 100% e 80% da capacidade do recipiente, porém as mudas crescem satisfatoriamente.
Assuntos
Plantas , Água , Biomassa , Bauhinia , FabaceaeRESUMO
OBJETIVO: Analisar o perfil epidemiológico dos pacientes com evolução subaguda e crônica da infecção por Chikungunya, e avaliar suas principais alterações laboratoriais. MÉTODOS: Estudo observacional, realizado por meio da análise de 31 prontuários de pacientes atendidos em um centro de referência de doenças imunoinfecciosas, no Estado do Rio de Janeiro, no período de janeiro a maio de 2016. Foram selecionados prontuários de pacientes com Chikungunya em fase subaguda ou crônica com diagnóstico confirmado por sorologia IgM, de ambos os sexos e de todas as faixas etárias. As seguintes variáveis foram consideradas: sexo, idade, leucócitos, plaquetas, velocidade de hemossedimentação, e aspartato aminotransferases e alanina transaminase (AST/ALT). RESULTADOS: A faixa etária predominante foi de 50 a 69 anos (64,5%). Pertenciam ao sexo feminino 83,9% dos pacientes. Dentre as alterações laboratoriais, destacaram-se elevação da velocidade de hemossedimentação (46,15%), leucopenia (37%), elevação de transaminases (30,8% AST e 23% ALT) e trombocitopenia (11,1%). CONCLUSÃO: Observou-se a importância epidemiológica na determinação de pacientes potencialmente capazes de desenvolver tais sequelas, representada principalmente pela artralgia incapacitante. A identificação desse grupo, caracterizado como pacientes do sexo feminino e de faixa etária entre 50 e 69 anos, pode ser de grande valia para a prevenção da evolução mórbida dessa arbovirose, sabendo que tais pacientes necessitam de cuidados especiais e acompanhamento clínico mais rigoroso.(AU)
OBJECTIVES: To analyze the epidemiological profile of patients with subacute and chronic Chikungunya infection, and to evaluate their main laboratory abnormalities. METHODS: This is an observational study, carried out through the analysis of 31 medical records of patients attended at a Reference Center for Immunopathological Diseases in the state of Rio de Janeiro, from January to May 2016. Patients with Chikungunya were selected in the subacute or chronic phase with diagnosis confirmed by IgM serology; both genders and all age ranges. The following variables were considered: gender, age, leukocytes, platelets, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, and aspartate aminotransferases and alanine transaminase (ASTALT). RESULTS: The predominant age range was 50 to 69 years (64.5%), with 83.9% of the patients being female. Among the laboratory alterations, high erythrocyte sedimentation rate (46.15%), leukopenia (37%), high transaminases (30.8% AST, and 23% ALT), and thrombocytopenia (11.1%) were observed. CONCLUSIONS: The epidemiological importance in the determination of patients potentially capable of developing such sequels, represented mainly by incapacitating arthralgia, was observed. The identification of this group, characterized as female patients, and between 50 and 69 years of age, may be of great value in the prevention of the morbid progression of this arbovirosis, knowing that such patients require special care, and stricter clinical follow-up.(AU)