RESUMO
Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is a foremost cancer-related death worldwide owing to rapid metastasis and poor prognosis. Metastasis, as the most important reason for death, is biologically a multifaceted process involving a range of cell signaling pathways. Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs), as transcriptional regulators, can regulate numerous genomic processes and cellular processes such as cell proliferation, migration, and invasion. LncRNAs have also been shown to involve in/regulate the cancer metastasis-related signaling pathways. Hence, they have increasingly been brought to international attention in molecular oncology research. A number of researchers have attempted to reveal the biological and clinical relevance of lncRNAs in ESCC tumourigenesis and metastasis. The aberrant expression of these molecules in ESCC has regularly been reported to involve in various cellular processes and clinical features, including diagnosis, prognosis, and therapeutic responses. Here, we especially consider the pathways in which lncRNAs act as metastasis-mediated effectors, mainly by interacting with epithelial-mesenchymal transition-associated factors. We review the biological roles of lncRNAs through involving in ESCC metastasis as well as the clinical significance of the metastasis-related lncRNAs in cancer diagnosis and prognosis.
Assuntos
Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/metabolismo , Neoplasias Esofágicas/metabolismo , Metástase Neoplásica , RNA Longo não Codificante/metabolismo , Biomarcadores Tumorais , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/diagnóstico , Neoplasias Esofágicas/diagnóstico , Regulação Neoplásica da Expressão Gênica , Humanos , RNA Longo não Codificante/genéticaRESUMO
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most frequent causes of cancer-related death worldwide. The prognosis of the malignancy and patient survival is commonly poor. Therefore, the discovery of pertinent biomarkers is essential to provide an accurate diagnosis and effective therapy. Newly, a group of noncoding RNAs named long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) has been found to involve in CRC development and progression. In this review, we highlighted the biological function of lncRNAs and reviewed their potentials as clinical tools in the CRC. A literature search of PubMed, EMBASE, MEDLINE, Web of Science, Scopus, and Cochrane Library using the MeSH terms "CRC," "long noncoding RNA," "lncRNA," and relevant was completed. The review included all articles that reported on the significance and role of lncRNAs in CRC development and clinical settings. All identified articles were cross-referenced for further articles, and any unavailable online were retrieved from hardcopy archive libraries. CRC-related lncRNAs could regulate a number of cellular processes, and their dysregulations have been suggested as potential biomarkers.
Assuntos
Biomarcadores Tumorais/metabolismo , Neoplasias Colorretais/genética , Regulação Neoplásica da Expressão Gênica , RNA Longo não Codificante/metabolismo , Biomarcadores Tumorais/análise , Carcinogênese/genética , Neoplasias Colorretais/diagnóstico , Neoplasias Colorretais/patologia , Progressão da Doença , Perfilação da Expressão Gênica , Humanos , RNA Longo não Codificante/análiseRESUMO
We report a rare case in which a 52-year-old man was found lying on the floor of a sauna. He was confused and complained of pain in both shoulders. He had previously had surgery of a benign meningioma. The initial X-ray examination of both shoulders showed bilateral posterior shoulder dislocation, but no fractures were detected. An attempt to reposition the shoulder dislocation was performed but with no success. Intraoperative examination on the next day detected bilateral fractures with partially destroyed joint head. The fractures could not be healed by osteosynthesis, and a bilateral prosthesis was used instead.