Clostridium fessum sp. nov., isolated from human faeces.

An obligately anaerobic, Gram-stain-positive and spore-forming strain, SNUG30386T was isolated from a faecal sample of a healthy Korean subject. The strain formed a round ivory-coloured colony and cells were chained rods with tapered ends, approximately 2.0-2.5×0.6-0.8 µm in size. The taxonomic analysis indicated that strain SNUG30386T was within the family Lachnospiraceae. According to the 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity, the closest species to strain SNUG30386T was Clostridium symbiosum (95.6 %), followed by Enterocloster asparagiformis (94.8 %), Enterocloster clostridioformis (94.8 %) and Enterocloster lavalensis (94.6 %). The evolutionary tree based on 16S rRNA gene sequences demonstrated that strain SNUG30386T had split apart at a unique branch point far from other close relatives. Its DNA G+C content was 48.3 mol% calculated from the whole genome sequence. The major cellular fatty acids were C16 : 0 and C14 : 0. Compared to those of the closely related species, strain SNUG30386T showed distinct biochemical activities such as being unable to utilize most of carbon sources except d-glucose and l-arabinose. As a result, based on its unique phylogenetic clade and taxonomic characteristics, we conclude that strain SNUG30386T represents a novel species within the genus Clostridium, for which the name Clostridium fessum sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain of the novel species is SNUG30386T (=KCTC 15633T= JCM 32258T).

Antarcticibacterium arcticum sp. nov., a bacterium isolated from marine sediment of the Canadian Beaufort Sea.

A Gram-stain-negative, aerobic, yellow-pigmented, flexirubin-negative, rod-shaped and non-motile bacterial strain, PAMC 28998T, was isolated from a surface sediment sample collected from the Canadian Beaufort Sea. Strain PAMC 28998T grew at 4-37 °C (optimum, 25 °C), at pH 7.0-9.0 (optimum, pH 7.5) and in the presence of 1.0-10.0 % (w/v) NaCl. Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence revealed that strain PAMC 28998T belongs to the genus Antarcticibacterium showing the highest sequence similarity (96.8 %) with Antarcticibacterium flavum JB01H24T. The average nucleotide identity and genome-to-genome distance values between PAMC 28998T and the most closely related species (A. flavum JB01H24T) were 74.1 and 18.5 %, respectively, indicating that strain PAMC 28998T is clearly distinguished from A. flavum. The genomic DNA G+C content calculated from genome sequences was 39.8 %. The major fatty acids (>10 %) were iso-C15 : 0 (19.5 %), anteiso-C15 : 0 (18.0 %), iso-C16 : 0 (11.6 %) and summed feature 3 (C16:1 ω6c and/or C16:1 ω7c; 11.4 %). The major polar lipids were phosphatidylethanolamine, aminoglycolipid, two unidentified aminolipids, three unidentified phospholipids and four unidentified lipids. The major respiratory quinone was MK-6. Based on the phylogenetic, genomic and phenotypic data presented here, strain PAMC 28998T is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Antarcticibacterium, for which the name Antarcticibacterium arcticum sp. nov. is proposed with the strain PAMC 28998T (=KCCM 43316 T=JCM 33514T).

Lichenicola cladoniae gen. nov., sp. nov., a member of the family Acetobacteraceae isolated from an Antarctic lichen.

Two Gram-stain-negative, facultative anaerobic, chemoheterotrophic, pink-coloured, rod-shaped and non-motile bacterial strains, PAMC 26568 and PAMC 26569T, were isolated from an Antarctic lichen. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strains PAMC 26568 and PAMC 26569T belong to the family Acetobacteraceae and the most closely related species are Gluconacetobacter takamatsuzukensis (96.1 %), Gluconacetobacter tumulisoli (95.9 %) and Gluconacetobacter sacchari (95.7 %). Phylogenomic and genomic relatedness analyses showed that strains PAMC 26568 and PAMC 26569T are clearly distinguished from other genera in the family Acetobacteraceae by average nucleotide identity values (<72.8 %) and the genome-to-genome distance values (<22.5 %). Genomic analysis revealed that strains PAMC 26568 and PAMC 26569T do not contain genes involved in atmospheric nitrogen fixation and utilization of sole carbon compounds such as methane and methanol. Instead, strains PAMC 26568 and PAMC 26569T possess genes to utilize nitrate and nitrite and certain monosaccharides and disaccharides. The major fatty acids (>10 %) are summed feature 8 (C18 : 1 ω7c and/or C18 : 1 ω6c; 40.3-40.4 %), C18 : 1 2OH (22.7-23.7 %) and summed feature 2 (C14 : 0 3OH and/or C16 : 1 iso I; 12.0 % in PAMC 26568). The major respiratory quinone is Q-10. The genomic DNA G+C content of PAMC 26568 and PAMC 26569T is 64.6 %. Their distinct phylogenetic position and some physiological characteristics distinguish strains PAMC 26568 and PAMC 26569T from other genera in the family Acetobacteraceae supporting the proposal of Lichenicola gen. nov., with the type species Lichenicola cladoniae sp. nov. (type strain, PAMC 26569T=KCCM 43315T=JCM 33604T).

Faecalibacillus intestinalis gen. nov., sp. nov. and Faecalibacillus faecis sp. nov., isolated from human faeces.

Two long-rod-shaped, Gram-stain-positive, obligately anaerobic and non-spore-forming strains, SNUG30099T and SNUG30370T, were isolated from faecal samples of healthy Korean subjects. The strains formed circular ivory-coloured colonies on Brain-heart infusion medium supplemented with 0.5% Difco yeast extract (YBHI) agar and cells were approximately 3.5-4.5×0.3-0.4 µm in size. Taxonomic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences distinguished the strains from other species within the family Erysipelotrichaceae. The closest relative of strains SNUG30099T and SNUG30370T was Longibaculum muris (92.9 % and 93.6 % similarity, respectively), followed by Clostridium saccharogumia (92.3 % and 92.2 %). Phylogenetic inference also divided the strains into a unique branch that differed from other related strains that belong to the family Erysipelotrichaceae. DNA G+C contents based on the whole genome sequences of strains SNUG30099T and SNUG30370T were 29.2 and 30.2 mol%, respectively. Both novel strains possessed meso-diaminopimelic acid as the peptidoglycan, and phosphatidylethanolamine was observed as one of the major polar lipids. The major cellular fatty acid composition was different from those of other related taxa. In addition, the profile of biochemical activities advocated that the strains have distinct characteristics in comparison to other strains. Taken together, a novel genus, named Faecalibacillus gen. nov., is proposed, which includes the type species Faecalibacillus intestinalis sp. nov. for strain SNUG30099T and Faecalibacillus faecis sp. nov. for strain SNUG30370T. The type strains of these novel species are SNUG30099T (=KCTC 15631T=JCM 32256T) and SNUG30370T (=KCTC 15632T=JCM 32257T).

Nibricoccus aquaticus gen. nov., sp. nov., a new genus of the family Opitutaceae isolated from hyporheic freshwater.

A yellow-coloured, Gram-strain-negative, non-motile, cocci-shaped, strictly aerobic bacterium, designated HZ-65T, was isolated from hyporheic freshwater in the Republic of Korea. Strain HZ-65T grew at 15-37 °C (optimum, 25-30 °C), pH 5.5-9.0 (optimum, pH 7.0) and 0-0.5 % NaCl (w/v; optimum at 0 % NaCl). Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene showed that strain HZ-65T is a member of family Opitutaceae and is closely related to Opitutus terrae PB90-1T (94.0 % similarity), Cephaloticoccus primus CAG34T (93.0 %), and Cephaloticoccus capnophilus CV41T (92.7 %), while the similarities to other Opitutaceae-type strains were lower than 90.0 %. The DNA G+C content was 62.2 mol% and the quinone present was menaquinone-7. The predominant fatty acids were iso-C14 : 0, anteiso-C15 : 0, C16 : 0, and iso-C16 : 0, representing 70 % of the total fatty acids. The major polar lipid profile consisted of phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol and diphosphatidylglycerol. Analysis of the HZ-65T genome revealed the presence of 300 genes that are involved in carbohydrate-active enzymes, which indicates the metabolic potential to degrade polysaccharides. The phenotypic, chemotaxonomic, genetic, and phylogenetic properties suggest that strain HZ-65T represents a novel species in a new genus within the family Opitutaceae, for which the name Nibricoccus aquaticus gen. nov., sp. nov., is proposed. The type strain of Nibricoccus aquaticus is HZ-65T (KACC 19333T=NBRC 112907T).

Lichenihabitans psoromatis gen. nov., sp. nov., a member of a novel lineage (Lichenihabitantaceae fam. nov.) within the order of Rhizobiales isolated from Antarctic lichen.

Two Gram-stain-negative, facultative anaerobic chemoheterotrophic, pink-coloured, rod-shaped and non-motile bacterial strains, PAMC 29128 and PAMC 29148T, were isolated from lichen. Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strains PAMC 29128 and PAMC 29148T belong to lichen-associated Rhizobiales-1 (LAR1), an uncultured phylogenetic lineage of the order Rhizobiales and the most closely related genera were Methylocapsa (<93.9 %) and Methylosinus (<93.8 %). The results of phylogenomic and genomic relatedness analyses also showed that strains PAMC 29128 and PAMC 29148T were clearly distinguished from other species in the order Rhizobiales with average nucleotide identity values of <71.4 % and genome-to-genome distance values of <22.7 %. Genomic analysis revealed that strains PAMC 29128 and PAMC 29148T did not contain genes involved in atmospheric nitrogen fixation or utilization of carbon compounds such as methane and methanol. Strains PAMC 29128 and PAMC 29148T were able to utilize certain monosaccharides, disaccharides, sugar alcohols and other organic compounds as a sole carbon source. The major fatty acids (>10 %) were summed feature 8 (C18 : 1 ω7c and/or C18 : 1 ω6c; 33.7-39.7 %), summed feature 3 (C16 : 1 ω7c and/or C 16:1 ω6c; 25.2-25.4 %) and C19 :0 cyclo ω8c (11.9-15.4 %). The major respiratory quinone was Q-10. The genomic DNA G+C contents of PAMC 29128 and PAMC 29148T were 63.0 and 63.1 mol%, respectively. Their distinct phylogenetic position and some physiological characteristics support the proposal of Lichenihabitans gen. nov., with the type species Lichenihabitans psoromatis sp. nov. (type strain, PAMC 29148T=KCCM 43293T=JCM 33311T). Lichenihabitantaceae fam. nov. is also proposed.

Leucothrix arctica sp. nov., isolated from Arctic seawater.

A Gram-stain-negative, non-motile, oxidase- and catalase-positive, rod-shaped bacterium was isolated from a coastal seawater sample from the Arctic Circle and designated strain IMCC9719T. On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, it was shown that strain IMCC9719T belonged to the genus Leucothrix and was closely related to the type strains of Leucothrix pacifica (97.6 % similarity) and Leucothrix mucor (95.1 %), while the strain shared <90.6 % sequence similarity with other bacterial species. The average nucleotide identity and genome-to-genome distance values between strain IMCC9719T and L. pacifica JCM 18388T were 71.7 and 16.9 %, respectively. The DNA G+C content of strain IMCC9719T was 43.5 mol%. Optimum growth of strain IMCC9719T was observed at 15 °C, at pH 7.5-8.5 and in the presence of 2.0-2.5 % (w/v) NaCl. The major fatty acids were summed feature 3 (C16 : 1ω7c and/or C16 : 1ω6c), summed feature 8 (C18 : 1ω6c and/or C18 : 1ω7c) and C16 : 0. Cells of strain IMCC9719T contained diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, an unidentified polar lipid, an unidentified aminophospholipid and two unidentified phospholipids. The major respiratory quinone was ubiquinone-8 (Q-8). Based on the taxonomic data collected in this study, strain IMCC9719T represents a novel species of the genus Leucothrix, for which the name Leucothrix arctica sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is IMCC9719T (=KACC 18010T=NBRC 110382T).

Deinococcus koreensis sp. nov., a gamma radiation-resistant bacterium isolated from river water.

A gamma radiation-resistant, Gram-stain-negative, rod-shaped bacterial strain, designated SJW1-2T, was isolated from freshwater samples collected from the Seomjin River, Republic of Korea. The 16S rRNA gene sequence analyses showed that strain SJW1-2T was most closely related to Deinococcus metalli 1PNM-19T (94.3 % sequence similarity) and formed a robust phylogenetic clade with other species of the genus Deinococcus. The optimum growth pH and temperature for the isolate were pH 7.0-7.5 and 25 °C, respectively. Strain SJW1-2T exhibited high resistance to gamma radiation. The predominant respiratory quinone was MK-8. The polar lipid profile consisted of different unidentified glycolipids, two unidentified lipids, two unidentified phospholipids and an unidentified phosphoglycolipid. The major peptidoglycan amino acids were alanine, d-glutamic acid, glycine and l-ornithine. The predominant fatty acids (>10 %) were summed feature 3 (C16 : 1ω7c and/or C16 : 1ω6c) (25.2 %) and C16 : 0 (21.2 %), and the DNA G+C content was 69.5 mol%. On the basis of phenotypic, genotypic and phylogenetic analyses, strain SJW1-2T (=KACC 19332T=NBRC 112908T) represents a novel species of the genus Deinococcus, for which the name Deinococcus koreensis sp. nov. is proposed.

Uliginosibacterium sangjuense sp. nov., isolated from sediment of the Nakdong River.

A Gram-negative, aerobic, motile by flagella, and light yellow bacterium, designated SS1-76T, was isolated from sediment of the Nakdong River in Sangju-si, Republic of Korea. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that the isolate SS1-76T belongs to the genus Uliginosibacterium of the family Rhodocyclaceae, exhibiting high sequence similarity with the type strains of Uliginosibacterium gangwonense 5YN10-9T (96.0%) and Uliginosibacterium paludis KBP-13T (94.9%). Strain SS1-76T contains ubiquinone-8 as a respiratory quinone and summed feature 3 (C16:1 ω7c and/or C16:1 ω6c), C16:0, and C14:0 as major fatty acids. The cellular polar lipids are composed of phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, and unidentified aminophospholipids. The DNA G+C content was 65.3 mol%. Phenotypic, chemotaxonomic, and phylogenetic evidence clearly indicated that strain SS1-76T represents a novel species of the genus Uliginosibacterium, for which the name Uliginosibacterium sangjuense sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is SS1-76T (= KCTC 52159T = JCM 31375T).

Perlucidibaca aquatica sp. nov., isolated from fresh water.

A Gram-staining-negative, non-motile, non-pigmented, strictly aerobic and rod-shape bacterium, designated BK296T, was isolated from stream water originating from a limestone cave in Samcheok, Korea. Optimal growth of strain BK296T was observed at 30 °C, pH 7.0-8.0 and without NaCl. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain BK296T belonged to the genus Perlucidibaca, forming a robust clade with a member of the genus, and was most closely related to Perlucidibaca piscinae (97.8 %). The average nucleotide identity value between strain BK296T and Perlucidibacapiscinae IMCC1704T was 79.8 %, and the genome-to-genome distance was 17.5 % on mean. The G+C content of the DNA of strain BK296T was 55.7 mol%. The major fatty acids were summed feature 3 (C16 : 1ω7c and/or C16 : 1ω6c), C16 : 0, C12 : 0 3-OH and summed feature 8 (C18 : 1ω7c and/or C18 : 1ω6c). The major isoprenoid quinone was ubiquinone Q-8. On the basis of phenotypic, genotypic and phylogenetic analyses, strain BK296T (=KCTC 52162T=JCM 31377T) represents a novel species of the genus Perlucidibaca, for which the name Perlucidibaca aquatica sp. nov. is proposed.

Lacibacter nakdongensis sp. nov., isolated from river sediment.

A novel Gram-stain-negative, non-spore-forming, orange-pigmented bacterium, designated strain SS2-56T, was isolated from sediment of the Nakdong River in Sangju-si, Republic of Korea. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that the isolate SS2-56T belongs to the family Chitinophagaceae, and was most closely related to Lacibacter daechungensis H32-4T (96.6 % similarity) and Lacibacter cauensis NJ-8T (96.1 %). Strain SS2-56T contained menaquinone 7 (MK-7) as a respiratory quinone and iso-C15 : 0, iso-C17 : 0 3-OH, iso-C15 : 1 G, summed feature 3 (C16 : 1ω7c and/or C16 : 1ω6c) and C16 : 0 as major fatty acids. The major polar lipids of strain SS2-56T were phosphatidylethanolamine, one unidentified aminophospholipid and four unidentified lipids. The DNA G+C content was 43.8 mol%. Phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic evidence clearly indicates that strain SS2-56T represents a novel species of the genus Lacibacter, for which the name Lacibacter nakdongensis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is SS2-56T (=KCTC 52160T=JCM 31372T).

Planktotalea arctica sp. nov., isolated from Arctic seawater.

A Gram-staining-negative, non-motile, non-pigmented, rod-shaped bacterium was isolated from an Arctic coastal seawater sample and was designated strain IMCC9565T. Analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence of strain IMCC9565T revealed that the closest phylogenetic neighbours of the strain were members of the genus Planktotalea. Furthermore, the strain formed a robust clade with Planktotalea frisia SH6-1T, with which it shared 97.9 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity. Determination of genomic relatedness based on average nucleotide identity and genome-to-genome distance showed that strain IMCC9565T was distantly related to P. frisia, meaning the Arctic strain represents a novel species. Optimum growth of strain IMCC9565T was observed at 20 °C, pH 7.0 and in the presence of 2 % (w/v) NaCl. The major respiratory isoprenoid quinone was ubiquinone-10 (Q-10) and the major polar lipids consisted of phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylcholine, one unidentified aminolipid and two unidentified lipids. The principal fatty acids were C18 : 1ω7c and/or C18 : 1ω6c, C18 : 1ω7c 11-methyl and C16 : 0, and the DNA G+C content was 57.1 mol%. Based on these data, Planktotalea arctica sp. nov. is proposed to accommodate the bacterial isolate and the type strain is IMCC9565T (=KACC 18009T=NBRC 110393T).

Marinobacterium profundum sp. nov., a marine bacterium from deep-sea sediment.

A Gram-stain-negative, rod-shaped and motile strain, designated PAMC 27536T, was isolated from deep-sea sediment in the East Sea, Korea. Analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence of the strain showed an affiliation with the genus Marinobacterium. Phylogenetic analyses revealed that strain PAMC 27536T was related most closely to Marinobacterium rhizophilum CL-YJ9T with a 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity of 98.5 % and to other members of the genus Marinobacterium (94.0-91.7 %). Genomic relatedness analyses between strain PAMC 27536T and M. rhizophilum KCCM 42386T gave an average nucleotide identity of 85.6 % and an estimated DNA-DNA hybridization of 24.6 % using the genome-to-genome distance calculator, indicating that they represent genomically distinct species. Cells of strain PAMC 27536T grew optimally at 25-30 °C and pH 7.0-7.5 in the presence of 3 % (w/v) sea salts. The major cellular fatty acids were C16 : 1ω6c and/or C16 : 1ω7c, C18 : 1ω6c and/or C18 : 1ω7c, and C16 : 0. The major isoprenoid quinone was Q-8. The genomic DNA G+C content was 56.1-57.2 mol%. Based on the phylogenetic, chemotaxonomic, genomic and phenotypic data presented, a novel species with the name Marinobacterium profundum sp. nov. is proposed, with PAMC 27536T ( = KCCM 43095T = JCM 30410T) as the type strain.

Eionea flava sp. nov., isolated from coastal seawater, and emended description of the genus Eionea.

A Gram-staining-negative, non-motile, catalase- and oxidase-positive, facultatively aerobic bacterium, designated IMCC1962(T) was isolated from a surface seawater sample from the Yellow Sea. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain IMCC1962(T )belonged to the genus Eionea, forming a robust clade with members of the genus, and was most closely related to Eionea nigra (97.3% similarity). DNA-DNA relatedness between strain IMCC1962(T) and Eionea nigra DSM 19752(T) was 21.8-26.3%, which indicated strain IMCC1962(T) represents a novel genomic species of the genus Eionea. The G+C content of the DNA of strain IMCC1962(T) was 48.7 mol%. The major isoprenoid quinone was ubiquinone Q-8 and major fatty acids were C16 : 1ω7c and/or C16 : 1ω6c (43.4%), C18 : 1ω7c and/or C18 : 1ω6c (19.3%) and C16 : 0 (17.2%). The polar lipids found in strain IMCC1962(T) were phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, aminophospholipid, unknown phospholipid, and four unknown polar lipids. Strain IMCC1962(T) and Eionea nigra DSM 19752(T) differed from each other in diverse phenotypic characteristics including motility, colony colour and enzyme activities. On the basis of phenotypic and genotypic data, strain IMCC1962(T) ( = KACC 17481(T)= NBRC 109703(T)) represents a novel species of the genus Eionea, for which the name Eionea flava sp. nov. is proposed. An emended description of the genus Eionea is also provided.

Mesonia aquimarina sp. nov., a marine bacterium isolated from coastal seawater.

A Gram-staining-negative, aerobic, yellow, non-flagellated, non-gliding, rod-shaped bacterium, designated strain IMCC1021(T), was isolated off the coast of the East Sea. Optimal growth of strain IMCC1021(T) was observed at 25 °C, pH 7.0-7.5 and in the presence of 3.0-3.5 % (w/v) NaCl. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that the strain belonged to the genus Mesonia, showing a close relationship with Mesonia mobilis KMM 6059(T) (97.4 % similarity) followed by Mesonia phycicola MDSW-25(T) (96.1 %). DNA-DNA relatedness between strain IMCC1021(T) and M. mobilis KMM 6059(T) was 17.5 % (reciprocal 7.4 %), which indicated that the new isolate represents a novel genomic species of the genus Mesonia. The major fatty acids were iso-C15 : 0 and iso-C17 : 0 3-OH, and the G+C content of the genomic DNA was 41.4 mol%. Strain IMCC1021(T) contained menaquinone-6 (MK-6) as the respiratory quinone, and polar lipids comprising phosphatidylethanolamine, two unknown aminolipids and three unknown polar lipids. On the basis of the phylogenetic distinctions and differential phenotypic characteristics, it is suggested that strain IMCC1021(T) ( = KCTC 32320(T) = NBRC 109485(T)) should be assigned to the genus Mesonia as the type strain of a novel species, for which the name Mesonia aquimarina sp. nov. is proposed.

Halocynthiibacter arcticus sp. nov., isolated from Arctic marine sediment.

A Gram-staining-negative, oxidase- and catalase-positive, non-motile, aerobic and rod-shaped bacterium producing white colonies, PAMC 20958T, was isolated from a marine sediment of the Arctic. PAMC 20958T grew at 10-27 °C (optimally at 21 °C), at pH 5.5-9.5 (optimally at pH 7.0-7.5) and in the presence of 0.5-7.5 % (w/v) (optimally at 2.0 %) NaCl. PAMC 20958T showed 97.5 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with Halocynthiibacter namhaensis KCTC 32362T and formed a robust phylogenetic clade with this species. The average nucleotide identity value between strain PAMC 20958T and H. namhaensis KCTC 32362T was 79.7 % and the genome-to-genome distance was 13.0 % on average. The genomic DNA G+C content calculated from the genome sequence was 53.2 mol%. The major fatty acids were C18 : 1ω7c and/or C18 : 1ω6c. The major respiratory isoprenoid quinone was ubiquinone-10 (Q-10) and major polar lipids were phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylglycerol, an unidentified aminolipid and two unidentified lipids. On the basis of phylogenetic analysis and genotypic and phenotypic data obtained in this study, it is concluded that strain PAMC 20958T ( = KCTC 42129T = JCM 30530T) represents the type strain of a novel species of the genus Halocynthiibacter, for which the name Halocynthiibacter arcticus sp. nov. is proposed.

Aureimonas glaciistagni sp. nov., isolated from a melt pond on Arctic sea ice.

A Gram-staining-negative, motile, aerobic and rod-shaped bacterial strain, PAMC 27157T, was isolated from a melt pond on sea ice in the Chukchi Sea. Phylogenetic analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence of strain PAMC 27157T revealed an affiliation to the genus Aureimonas with the closest sequence similarity (96.2 %) to that of Aureimonas phyllosphaerae. Strain PAMC 27157T grew optimally at 30 °C and pH 7.0 in the presence of 3.5 % (w/v) NaCl. The major polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylmonomethylethanolamine, sulfoquinovosyldiacylglycerol and an unidentified aminolipid. The major cellular fatty acid was summed feature 8 (C18 : 1ω7c and/or C18 : 1ω6c, 83.1 %) and the major respiratory quinone was Q-10. The genomic DNA G+C content was 69.1 mol%. The combined phylogenetic, phenotypic and chemotaxonomic data showed that strain PAMC 27157T could be clearly distinguished from species of the genus Aureimonas with validly published names. Thus, strain PAMC 27157T should be classified as representing a novel species in the genus Aureimonas, for which the name Aureimonas glaciistagni sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is PAMC 27157T ( = KCCM 43049T = JCM 30183T).

Domibacillus tundrae sp. nov., isolated from active layer soil of tussock tundra in Alaska, and emended description of the genus Domibacillus.

A novel Gram-stain-positive, spore-forming, aerobic, motile and rod-shaped bacterium designated strain PAMC 80007T was isolated from an active layer soil sample of Council, Alaska. Optimal growth of strain PAMC 80007T was observed at 30 °C, pH 7.0 and in the presence of 2 % (w/v) NaCl. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequence indicated that strain PAMC 80007T belonged to the genus Domibacillus. This strain was closely related to Domibacillus enclensis (98.3 %), Domibacillus robiginosus (98.3 %) and Domibacillus indicus (97.2 %). Genomic DNA G+C content was 43.5 mol% and genomic relatedness analyses based on the average nucleotide identity and the genome-to-genome distance showed that strain PAMC 80007T is clearly distinguished from the closely related species of the genus Domibacillus. The major fatty acids (>5 %) were iso-C15 : 0 (24.7 %), C16 : 1ω11c (16.8 %), anteiso-C15 : 0 (16.5 %), C16 : 0 (15.6 %) and anteiso-C17 : 0 (8.7 %). The major respiratory isoprenoid quinones were menaquinone-6 (MK-6) and menaquinone-7 (MK-7), and the polar lipid profile contained diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphoglycolipid, phospholipid and two unidentified lipids. meso-Diaminopimelic acid (type A1γ) was present in the cell-wall peptidoglycan, and the major whole-cell sugar was ribose with a minor quantity of glucose. Results from a polyphasic study suggested that strain PAMC 80007T represents a novel species of the genus Domibacillus for which the name Domibacillus tundrae sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is PAMC 80007T ( = JCM 30371T = KCTC 33549T = DSM 29572T). An emended description of the genus Domibacillus is also provided.

Sediminicola arcticus sp. nov., a psychrophilic bacterium isolated from deep-sea sediment, and emended description of the genus Sediminicola.

A Gram-stain-negative, rod-shaped and non-motile strain, designated PAMC 27266(T), was isolated from deep-sea sediment of the Arctic Ocean. Analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence of strain PAMC 27266(T) showed closest affiliation with the genus Sediminicola . Phylogenetic analyses revealed that strain PAMC 27266(T) formed a robust clade with Sediminicola luteus CNI-3(T), with which it shared 98.9% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity. Genomic relatedness analyses based on the average nucleotide identity and genome-to-genome distance showed that strain PAMC 27266(T) is clearly distinguished from S. luteus . Cells of strain PAMC 27266(T) grew optimally at 15 °C and pH 6.5-7.5 in the presence of 3.5% (w/v) sea salts. The major polar lipids were phosphatidylethanolamine, two unidentified aminophospholipids and two unidentified lipids. The only respiratory quinone was menaquinone-6. The major cellular fatty acids (>10%) were C16 : 1ω6c and/or C16 : 1ω7c and C15 : 0. The genomic DNA G+C content was 37.9 mol%. Based on the phylogenetic, genomic, chemotaxonomic and phenotypic data presented, we propose strain PAMC 27266(T) ( =KCCM 43038(T) =JCM 19894(T)) as the type strain of a novel species, with the name Sediminicola arcticus sp. nov.

Algibacter psychrophilus sp. nov., a psychrophilic bacterium isolated from marine sediment.

A Gram-stain-negative, aerobic, yellow-pigmented, flexirubin-negative, rod-shaped, non-motile and psychrophilic bacterial strain, PAMC 27237T, was isolated from marine sediment of the Ross Sea, Antarctica. Strain PAMC 27237T grew at 0-20 °C (optimally at 17 °C), at pH 5.0-9.5 (optimally at pH 7.0) and in the presence of 0-3.5 % (w/v) NaCl (optimally at 1.5-2.5 %). The major fatty acids (≥5 %) were iso-C17 : 0 3-OH, C17 : 0 2-OH, anteiso-C15 : 0, summed feature 3 (C16 : 1ω6c/C16 : 1ω7c), iso-C15 : 0 3-OH, anteiso-C17 : 1ω9c, anteiso-C15 : 1 A, iso-C16 : 0 3-OH and iso-C15 : 1 G. The major polar lipids were phosphatidylethanolamine, two unidentified aminolipids, four unidentified lipids and a glycolipid. The major respiratory quinone was MK-6. Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence revealed that strain PAMC 27237T belongs to the genus Algibacter, showing high similarities with the type strains of Algibacter agarivorans (97.2 %), Algibacter agarilyticus (97.0 %) and Algibacter mikhailovii (96.4 %). Average nucleotide identity values between strain PAMC 27237T and the type strains of A. agarivorans and A. agarilyticuswere 83.1 and 84.2 %, respectively, and mean genome-to-genome distances were 22.4-24.2 %, indicating that strain PAMC 27237T is clearly distinguished from the most closely related species of the genus Algibacter. The genomic DNA G+C content calculated from genome sequences was 33.5 mol%. Based on the phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic data presented, strain PAMC 27237T is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Algibacter, for which the name Algibacter psychrophilus sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is PAMC 27237T ( = KCTC 42130T = JCM 30370T).