Impact of Watson's human caring-based health promotion program on caregivers of individuals with schizophrenia.

BACKGROUND: Caring for people with schizophrenia is accompanied by challenges that impact caregiver health. We conducted this study to explore the effect of a Caring Science-Based health promotion program on the sense of coherence and well-being among caregivers of persons with schizophrenia. METHODS: This randomized clinical trial with the Solomon four-group design was conducted on 72 caregivers randomly allocated into two intervention and two control groups. A health promotion program based on Watson's theory was performed individually through five face-to-face sessions and a four-week follow-up. Settings were the psychiatric centers of the three educational, specialty, and subspecialty Ibn-e-Sina, Moharary, and Hafez hospitals affiliated with Shiraz University of Medical Sciences (SUMS), south of Iran. The data were collected using a demographic information form, the Sense of Coherence Scale, and the Caregiver Well-Being Scale. One-way ANOVA, chi-square, Kruskal-Wallis, and independent t-test were used to determine the homogeneity at baseline. In the post-test, multiple between-groups and pairwise comparisons were assessed by One-way ANOVA and Tukey's post-hoc. Within-group comparisons were evaluated using paired t-tests. All tests were two-tailed, and the statistical level was considered 0.05. RESULTS: Data analysis showed that the mean scores of caregiver sense of coherence and well-being from pre-intervention to post-intervention were significantly increased in the intervention groups (p < 0.001). At the same time, there were no significant differences in the control groups. CONCLUSION: The health promotion program based on Watson's human caring theory facilitated ongoing intrapersonal, and holistic caring and improved the sense of coherence and well-being in caregivers of persons with schizophrenia. Hence, this intervention is recommended for developing healing care programs. TRIAL REGISTRATION: https://www.irct.ir/trial/55040 : IRCT20111105008011N2 (11/04/2021).

The effect of training the fathers to support their wives on stress and self-efficacy in mothers of premature newborns hospitalized in NICU: a quasi-experimental study.

BACKGROUND: The birth of premature newborns and their separation from family due to their hospitalization in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) cause stress in the parents, especially mothers. We conducted this study aimed to evaluate whether training the fathers to support their wives impacts premature newborn mothers' stress and self-efficacy or not? METHODS: A quasi-experimental (before-after study) including one experimental and control group was used. Data were collected from Seventy-five parents with newborns hospitalized in NICU (n = 30) in the intervention and (n = 45) in usual care groups. Settings were the NICUs of the two international, educational, specialty, and subspecialty Nemazee and Hafez hospitals of the Shiraz University of Medical Science. Fathers in the intervention group learned how to support their wives and provide care for their premature newborns. The control group received the usual care. Mother's stress and self-efficacy were measured using validated questionnaires. RESULTS: Data analysis showed that the mean scores of mothers' stress and self-efficacy from pre-intervention to post-intervention were significantly decreased and increased respectively in the intervention group (p <0.001). At the same time, there was no significant difference in the control group. CONCLUSION: When fathers are trained to support their wives and do so, it relieves the stress and improves the mothers' self-efficacy, and has a direct effect on providing care to their premature newborns. Therefore, it is recommended that measures should be taken so that the fathers be present, participate in providing care, and support their wives and newborns in NICU. TRIAL REGISTRATION: IRCT20171130037691N1 .

Effectiveness of an Educational Intervention to Increase Human Papillomavirus Knowledge and Attitude in Staff and Nursing Students.

PURPOSE: To evaluate the effect of education about human papilloma virus and its vaccine on awareness and attitude of healthcare workers and nursing students. DESIGN: This was a quasi-experimental study. METHODS: The sample size was 250 (155 healthcare workers and 95 students), and both groups received educational intervention. Questionnaires were used to collect data before, after, and also 3 months following the intervention. FINDINGS: The mean age of participants was 30.1 ± 10.23 years. Results showed a significant increase in knowledge (P < .001), overall attitude (P = .000), and perceived behavior (P < .001) of the participants after the educational intervention. CONCLUSION: Educational intervention was effective in knowledge, attitude, and behavior of students and healthcare workers. CLINICAL EVIDENCE: Educational intervention can be one of the strategies to prevent individuals from acquiring the virus and to increase vaccine compliance.

Moral distress in psychiatric nurses in Covid-19 crisis.

BACKGROUND: The COVID-19 pandemic has put heavy pressure on nurses. Psychiatric nurses are also exposed to moral distress due to the special conditions of psychiatric patients and patient's lack of cooperation in observing health protocols. This study has been conducted to explore and describe factors that caused moral distress in Iranian psychiatric nurses during the COVID-19 pandemic. METHOD: This qualitative study with a conventional content analysis approach involved 12 nurses at the Shiraz University of Medical Sciences in Iran. This study was conducted in the winter of 2021. Data collection was performed by semi-structured interviews, data analysis was performed based on the five steps of Graneheim and Lundman. RESULTS: By continuous comparison and integration of data, 17 subcategories, 8 subcategories, and 3 categories were extracted from 252 initial codes. The causes of moral distress in psychiatric nurses during the COVID-19 pandemic were identified as emotional responses (Fear and Doubt), relational factors (Nurses' Relationship with Each Other, Nurse-physician Relationship, and Relationship whit Patients), and Institutional factors (Lack of Attention to Health Instructions, Failure to complete the treatment process for patients and Institutional Policies). CONCLUSION: New dimensions of the causes of moral distress associated with the COVID- 19 pandemic are discovered in this study. Managers and planners should equip psychiatric hospitals with isolation facilities and Personal Protection Equipment for patients and nurses. Strengthening the ethical climate by improving communication skills and individual nursing empowerment to prevent moral distress is recommended.

The effect of yoga therapy directed by virtual training on depression of adolescent girls with type 1 diabetes: a randomized controlled trial.

Background: Recently, the depression-alleviating impact of yoga therapy was documented among patients with type 2 diabetes; nonetheless, whether this consequence is similar in individuals with type 1 diabetes (T1D) is still unclear. Therefore, this trial sought to investigate the potential impact of yoga therapy on the depression of adolescents with T1D. Methods: This randomized controlled trial recruited 62 girls with T1D, aged 12-17 years, from January to June 2020. The participants were randomly allocated to equal experimental and control arms (31 per group) through a block randomization approach. The routine care was implemented in two study arms, while the experimental arm additionally received yoga therapy directed by virtual training for eight consecutive weeks (one session per week). Maria Kovacs Children's Depression Inventory was completed at baseline and the end of the 8-week intervention. Results: The mean of the depression total score was significantly lower in the experimental arm in comparison with the control arm at the trial end (9.38 ± 8.44 vs. 12.77 ± 6.96, p = 0.014). Also, the reduction in mean change from the baseline to the trial end was significantly more in the experimental arm (- 5.25 ± 1.13 vs. - 0.80 ± 1.00, p = 0.013). Conclusions: The administration of yoga therapy directed by virtual training seems to be potentially effective in reducing depression among adolescent girls with T1D. However, further long-term trials with a larger sample size are needed to shed light on the obtained findings and address the intervention's efficacy on glycemic outcomes. Supplementary Information: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s40200-023-01245-x.