The effects of mineral trioxide aggregate and second-generation autologous growth factor on pulpotomy via TNF-α and NF-kß/p65 pathways.

This study aims to investigate the effect of Mineral Trioxide Aggregate (MTA), a bioactive endodontic cement, and Concentrated Growth Factor (CGF), a second-generation autologous growth factor, on pulpotomy-induced pulp inflammation. The study utilized the maxillary anterior central teeth of thirty-six young male Sprague Dawley rats. Forty-eight teeth were randomly assigned to two groups (12 rats/group; 24 teeth/group) based on the capping material (MTA or CGF). Subsequently, two subgroups (MTAG and CGFG) were formed per group (12 teeth/group) based on the time following pulpotomy (2-weeks and 4-weeks). The central teeth of the 12 animals assigned to the control group (CG) were not manipulated in any way, both in the 2-week group and in the 4-week group. Tissue samples extracted from rats at the end of the experiment were stained with H&E for histopathological analysis. For immunohistochemical analysis, primary antibodies for TNF-α and NF-kß/65 were incubated. Data obtained from semi-quantitative analysis were assessed for normal distribution using Skewness-Kurtosis values, Q-Q plot, Levene's test, and the Shapiro-Wilk test on statistical software. A P value < 0.05 was considered significant. When compared with the control group, both MTAG and CGFG showed increased edematous and inflammatory areas. In MTAG, edematous and inflammatory areas decreased significantly from the 2nd week (2(2-2), 2(1-2)) to the 4th week (1(1-1), 1(0-1)), while in CGFG, edematous areas decreased (2(2-3), 1.5(1-2)), and inflammatory areas increased significantly (2(2-3), 3(2-2.5)). When compared with the control group, TNF-α and NF-kß/p65 positivity were higher in both MTAG and CGFG. In MTAG, TNF-α [2(1.5-2)] and NF-kß/p65 [1.5(1-2)] positivity decreased significantly from the 2nd week to the 4th week [TNF-α: 1(1-1), NF-kß/p65: 1(1-2)], while no significant change was observed in CGFG. In conclusion, this study revealed a reduction in cells showing TNF-α and NF-kß/p65 positivity in the MTA treatment group compared to the CGF group. Although MTA demonstrated more favorable results than CGF in mitigating pulpal inflammation within the scope of this study, further experimental and clinical investigations are warranted to obtain comprehensive data regarding CGF.

Dexamethasone and concentrated growth factors on peripheral nerve injury: A clinic-relevant animal study.

BACKGROUND: Mandibular nerve injury is a common clinical condition that affects clinicians' management and patients' quality of life. In the literature, there are various effective treatments available. The primary purpose of this study was to determine and compare the effects of dexamethasone and concentrated growth factor (CGF) on regeneration in patients with nerve trauma that mimics clinical situations. METHODS: In this study, 36 rats were divided into 3 groups: the control, dexamethasone and CGF groups. The inferior alveolar nerve was traumatized through the extraction socket after mandibular molar tooth extraction in each group. RESULTS: The data showed a decrease in the control (4.5-4), dexamethasone (3-2), and CGF (4-3) groups according to the histological injury severity score (HISS) results. Compared with those in the other groups, the number of degenerative axons and edematous areas observed via histological examination were significantly lower in the CGF groups. Similarly, compared with those in the control group, the nNOS and Neurofilament-H positivity in the dexamethasone group on the 30th day (2,2 to 1,1 respectively) was significantly lower. The positivity of all the primary antibodies in the 3rd and 30th day CGF groups was significant compared than that in the dexamethasone 30th day group. CONCLUSION: According to the results of the analysis of the immunohistopathological and HISS data, the CGF groups exhibited greater regeneration than did the dexamethasone groups.

Electrophysiological and histopathological evaluation of the effectiveness of melatonin and glatiramer acetate for traumatic facial nerve injuries.

AIM: This study aimed to evaluate the effect of systemic/local use of melatonin and glatiramer acetate on regeneration in traumatic nerve injury models. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 42 male Wistar albino rats were randomly divided into 6 groups: healthy control (Group 1), injured control (Group 2), local melatonin (Group 3), systemic melatonin (Group 4), local glatiramer acetate (Group 5), and systemic glatiramer acetate (Group 6). In all groups, electromyography recordings of the facial nerve were obtained after surgery and before sacrifice, and the damaged nerve region was histopathologically examined after sacrifice. RESULTS: In the electrophysiological evaluation, the control group had the greatest decrease in amplitude and extension in latency time following surgery than the treatment groups. Furthermore, a significant decrease in the degenerative axon count, edematous areas, and fibrotic areas as well as a significant increase in axonal surface areas was observed in all the treatment groups compared with the damage control group. CONCLUSIONS: Although both glatiramer acetate and melatonin are beneficial in regeneration in traumatic facial nerve injuries, it can be concluded that systemic use of melatonin can yield more positive results than glatiramer acetate and local use of both two drugs.

Management of Recurrence of Ameloblastoma and Odontogenic Keratocyst: A Cross-Sectional Study / Manejo de la recurrencia del ameloblastoma y keratoquiste odontogénico: Estudio de corte transversal

Abstract Objectives: Odontogenic keratocyst (OKC) and ameloblastoma are slowly growing and locally invasive tumors with high recurrence rate. The aim of this study was to investigate the clinicopathologic features of recurrent ameloblastoma and OKC cases, and evaluate outcomes of our treatments in terms of recurrence. Material and Methods: A total of 23 patients with confirmed recurrent ameloblastoma or OKC and treated in our clinic within eleven years period were reviewed retrospectively. Results: Eleven recurrent OKC cases and twelve recurrent ameloblastoma cases were included. Most recurrences occurred within five years after the initial treatment (69.6%). Enucleation had the highest recurrence rate among the first treatments (18/23). All recurrences were located in the mandible, with one exception (22/23). All recurrent OKCs were multilocular. Different histopathologic subtypes of ameloblastoma were seen in our study, follicular ameloblastoma was the most common (8/12). The mean diameter of the lesions was 4.3 cm (ranging from 2 cm to 7 cm). Statically significant relation was found between location and diameter of lesion and year of recurrence onset (p=0.004; p=0.026). We performed radical treatments in these cases (ten patients underwent marginal resections, and thirteen patients underwent segmental resection), and no recurrence was observed during the follow-up period. Conclusion: Previous inadequate surgical procedures were the most important cause of recurrence. Marginal or segmental resection with safety margins is the best method to treat recurrences of OKC or ameloblastoma cases.

Resumen Objetivo: Los keratoquistes odontogénicos (KQO) y ameloblastomas son tumores invasivos de lento crecimiento local con una alta tasa de recurrencia. El propósito de este estudio fue investigar las características clínico patológicas de los casos de ameloblastoma y KQO recurrentes y evaluar los resultados de tratamientos en término de recurrencia. Materiales y Métodos: Un total de 23 pacientes con casos confirmados de ameloblastomas o KQO recurrentes tratados en nuestra clínica en un período de once años fueron incluidos. Resultados: Once casos de KQO recurrentes y doce ameloblastomas recurrentes fueron incluidos. La mayoría de las recurrencias ocurrieron en los primeros 5 años posteriores al tratamiento inicial (69.6%). La enucleación mostró la tasa de recurrencia más alta entre los tratamientos iniciales (18/23). Todas las recurrencias se presentaron en la mandíbula excepto por un caso (22/23). Todos los KQO fueron multiloculares. Distintos subtipos histológicos del ameloblastoma fueron detectados en el estudio y el ameloblastoma folicular fue el más común (8/12). El diámetro promedio de las lesiones fue de 4.3cm en un rango de 2cm a 7cm. Una relación estadísticamente significativa se encontró entre la ubicación y el diámetro de la lesión y el tiempo de aparición de la recurrencia (p=0.004; p=0.026). Se realizaron tratamientos radicales en los siguientes casos, diez pacientes tuvieron resecciones marginales y trece pacientes resección segmental; no se observaron recurrencias en el período de seguimiento. Conclusión: Procedimientos previos inadecuados fueron la causa más relevante de recurrencia. Resección marginal o segmental con márgenes de seguridad son el mejor método para tratar casos de ameloblastoma y KQO recurrentes.