RESUMO
Utilizing ethnographic research methods, this case study examines the experiences of an NGO-sponsored health care program in rural Mali. The findings indicate that while, in principle, the organization operates from an alternative development base, it has been unable to decentralize the decision-making process and facilitate community dialogue and participation. Numerous problems resulted, including superficial forms of local participation, lack of community ownership, non-remuneration of health workers and midwives, inadequate training, and ultimately, limited program gains. The analyses highlight the complexity and dynamic nature of health program implementation in a developing context, and suggest several factors important to project success. These include drawing on diverse local perspectives, promoting broad-based participation, and providing culturally appropriate ways to include all community members, particularly women.
Assuntos
Serviços de Saúde Comunitária/organização & administração , Promoção da Saúde , Organizações/organização & administração , Atenção Primária à Saúde/organização & administração , Serviços de Saúde Rural/organização & administração , Antropologia Cultural , Serviços de Saúde Comunitária/estatística & dados numéricos , Tomada de Decisões Gerenciais , Humanos , Mali , Organizações/estatística & dados numéricos , Atenção Primária à Saúde/estatística & dados numéricos , Avaliação de Programas e Projetos de Saúde , Serviços de Saúde Rural/estatística & dados numéricosRESUMO
The violent and peaceful behaviors of 115 children who had or had not witnessed domestic violence were measured in five types of simulated conflict. Witnesses did not differ from nonwitnesses in conflicts involving limited resources, jealousy over possessions, or intimidation; witnesses were significantly more violent in conflicts involving aggression and exclusion. The most violent responses were found among abusers' sons who had been excluded by peers.
Assuntos
Filho de Pais com Deficiência/psicologia , Conflito Psicológico , Violência Doméstica/psicologia , Comportamento Imitativo , Grupo Associado , Meio Social , Maus-Tratos Conjugais/psicologia , Agressão/psicologia , Altruísmo , Criança , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Inventário de Personalidade , Resolução de Problemas , SocializaçãoRESUMO
Child witnesses' use of violent or peaceful strategies to resolve conflicts with peers were compared with strategies used by nonwitnesses. Stories depicting 5 types of peer conflicts were presented to each child, and the strategies used by the child to reach peaceful resolutions were scored. Findings include differences between witnesses and nonwitnesses, differences between genders, differences according to types of conflicts, and individual differences.