Accentuated aging associated with HIV in a Mediterranean setting occurs mainly in persons aged>70 years: a comparative cohort study (Over50 cohort).

In an ongoing Mediterranean cohort, we compared age-related conditions between 208 HIV-infected persons and 104 matched controls. ≥3 comorbidities were found in 31.0% of HIV-infected patients and 8.7% of controls. Conditions significantly more frequent among the HIV-infected population were: lipid abnormalities, cancer, osteopenia/osteoporosis, liver disease, sexual dysfunction, hearing deficit, sleep disorders, falls, cognitive complaints, being single, living alone, and being elderly at risk. HIV-infected patients aged >70 years had a significantly higher number of cardiovascular risk factors (CVRF) and comorbidities than controls. HIV-infected persons who had never smoked had a higher prevalence of CVRFs, ≥3 comorbidities, liver disease, cancer, and cognitive complaints compared to controls. Factors associated with frailty were being a man who has sex with men, ≥3 CVRFs, nadir CD470 years. The multidisciplinary assessment also revealed concerning findings in social, cognitive, and functional variables among HIV-infected individuals, with a higher prevalence of elderly at risk than among controls.

Role of nitric oxide and oxidative stress in a sheep model of persistent atrial fibrillation.

AIMS: Oxidative stress can modulate nitric oxide (NO) signalling pathways. Both pathways have been shown to be involved in the pathophysiology of atrial fibrillation (AF), but data are conflicting. We aimed to characterize the NO-pathway and its relation to oxidative stress in persistent AF in a sheep model. METHODS AND RESULTS: Persistent AF was induced by rapid atrial pacing for a mean of 136.5 ± 21.7 days. Non-stimulated sheep served as controls. Nicotine adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase-stimulated superoxide production was significantly increased in the AF group (+51.3 ± 23.2%, P < 0.01). Although there were no changes in mRNA expression of the different NADPH oxidase subunits, the increased activity was associated with markedly increased protein expression of the NADPH oxidase activator, Rac1 (+26 ± 4.6%, P < 0.05). No differences were seen in superoxide dismutase activity, but glutathione peroxidase activity was lower in the AF group. There was a marked accumulation of 3-nitrotyrosine, a biomarker for peroxynitrite, in atrial tissue of AF animals, as demonstrated by immunohistochemical staining and dot blot analysis (+15.6 ± 1.8%, P < 0.05). Expression of atrial NOS3 mRNA was 24.9 ± 4.4% lower in the AF group vs. control (P < 0.05), while NOS1 and 2 were unchanged. Immunoblot analysis revealed no changes in protein expression. Nitrite/nitrate levels were significantly lower during AF (-24.8 ± 5.8%, P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: In a sheep model of persistent AF, NOS3 transcript levels are attenuated and circulating NOx levels decreased. Persistent AF is associated with increased oxidative stress, probably resulting from increased NADPH oxidase activity, without major changes in anti-oxidant capacity of the atrial tissue.

Influence of Articulating Paper Thickness on Occlusal Contacts Registration: A Preliminary Report.

The objective of this preliminary study was to determine if the occlusal contact surface registered with an articulating paper during fixed prosthodontic treatment was contained within the area marked on a thicker articulating paper. This information would optimize any necessary occlusal adjustment of a prosthesis' veneering material. A convenience sample of 15 patients who were being treated with an implant-supported fixed singleunit dental prosthesis was selected. Occlusal registrations were obtained from each patient using 12-µm, 40-µm, 80-µm, and 200-µm articulating paper. Photographs of the occlusal registrations were obtained, and pixel measurements of the surfaces were taken and overlapped for comparison. The results showed that the thicker the articulating paper, the larger the occlusal contact area obtained. The differences were statistically significant. In all cases, the occlusal registrations obtained with the thinnest articulating paper were contained within the area marked on the thickest articulating paper. The results suggested that the use of thin articulating papers (12-µm or 40-µm) can avoid unnecessary grinding of veneering material or teeth during occlusal adjustment.

Análisis comparativo de la repetibilidad y reproductibilidad de dos métodos de medición de la dimensión vertical en rehabilitación oral: una revisión sistemática / Comparative analysis of the repeatability and reproducibility of two methods for measuring the vertical dimension in oral rehabilitation: a systematic review

El objetivo de este estudio establecer si el método de evaluación de la dimensión vertical mediante cefalometría y el convencional con rodillos de articulación, consiguen resultados sin diferencias estadísticamente significativas. Realización de una revisión sistemática conforme a la metodología PICO del Centro de Medicina Basada en la Evidencia de Oxford. Se formula una pregunta dirigida al objetivo fijado y se elabora una estrategia de búsqueda empleando MeSH key words específicos derivados de la pregunta en la base de datos PubMed hasta 2015 y libros de rehabilitación oral. Se consultan un total de 833 artículos por título, siendo 26 revisados a texto completo. Se analizan trabajos sobre distintos métodos de determinación de la dimensión vertical, haciendo especial hincapié en los basados en métodos cefalométricos. Finalmente 9 artículos cumplen los criterios de inclusión y se realiza una evaluación crítica del nivel de evidencia. No se ha encontrado suficiente evidencia científica que demuestre la repetibilidad de ambos métodos. Es necesario realizar estudios controlados y aleatorizados que comparen ambos métodos para determinar si son repetibles y reproducibles y obtienen resultados sin diferencias estadísticamente significativas.

The objective of this work was to establish if the method of evaluation of the vertical dimension by cephalometry and the common one with joint rollers, obtains results without statistically significant differences. We carried out a systematic review based on the PICO methodology of the Center for Evidence-Based Medicine for Oxford. A question aimed at the objective was made, and a search strategy was developed using specific MeSH key words derived from the question in the Pubmed database up to 2015 and oral rehabilitation books. A total of 833 items were consulted by tittle, and for 26 of these full text was reviewed. Works on different methods for determining the vertical dimension were studied, with special emphasis on those based on cephalometric methods. Finally 9 articles fulfilled the criteria for inclusion and a critical assessment of the evidence level was performed. We did not find sufficient scientific evidence to demonstrate the repeatability of these methods. It is necessary to realize randomized controlled trials comparing both methods to determine if they were statistically repeatable and reproducible.

Influencia del Diseño Micro y Macroscópico de la Región Cervical del Implante en la Preservación de Hueso Marginal Perimplantario: Una Revisión Sistemática / Influence of the Micro and Macroscopic Implant Neck Design in the Preservation of Marginal Bone Level: A Systematic Review

El objetivo de esta revisión sistemática fue evaluar los distintos diseños en el cuello del implante (pulido o tratado, con o sin intercambio de plataforma, o con o sin microespiras) y su posible influencia en la pérdida del hueso marginal periimplantario. Se llevo a cabo una revisión sistemática siguiendo la metodología PICO del Centro de Medicina Basada en la Evidencia de la Universidad de Oxford. La pregunta dirigida a la consecución de los objetivos fue: ¿Es el diseño del cuello del implante un factor crítico en la conservación del hueso marginal periimplantario? Se emplearon MeSH keywords específicos en las bases de datos Pubmed y Cochrane. Tres revisores independientes se pusieron de acuerdo en los estudios finalmente incluidos, obteniendo un índice de concordancia kappa de 0,88. De estos, se realizó una evaluación crítica del nivel de evidencia y también del riesgo de sesgo de los RCT mediante la Herramienta Cochrane. Se consultaron 445 artículos por título, incluyendo finalmente un total de 16 artículos a texto completo. La heterogeneidad de estos estudios impidió realizar un meta-análisis. No se encontró evidencia de que una determinada configuración del cuello del implante sea mejor que otra en la conservación del hueso marginal periimplantario y sin embargo, parece que una posición apico-coronal yuxtaósea del cuello pulido del implante respecto a la cresta ósea receptora pudiera ser crítica a ese respecto. No se encontró suficiente evidencia sobre la efectividad de las diferentes configuraciones de la región cervical del implante en la preservación del hueso marginal periimplantario. Son necesarios estudios clínicos controlados y aleatorizados a largo plazo para valorar los efectos de dichas modificaciones.

The aim of this systematic review was to assess whether different implant neck designs (polished or coated, with or without platform switching, either with or without microthreads) influence marginal bone resorption. A systematic review was conducted following the PICO methodology of the Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine of Oxford University. The question to the achievement of objectives was: Is the design of the implant neck a critical factor in the preservation of marginal bone levels? Specific MeSH keywords were used in the Pubmed and Cochrane databases. Three independent reviewers agreed on the studies ultimately included finding a concordance kappa index of 0.86. Of these articles, acritical evaluation of the level of evidence was performed and also the risk of bias of the RCT using the Cochrane tool. Four hundred forty-five items were reviewed by title, eventually including a total of 16 full-text articles. Heterogeneity of these studies made impossible the performance of a meta-analysis. No evidence that a particular configuration of the implant neck was better than another in preserving the peri-implant marginal bone was found, and yet it seems that an apico-coronal position juxta-osseous of the smooth neck of the implant relative to the bone crest could be decisive. Not enough evidence was found on the effectiveness of different configurations of the cervical region of the implant in the periimplant marginal bone preservation. More randomized controlled trials are needed to assess long-term effects of such modifications.

Accuracy of resonance frequency analysis by third generation Osstell® / Precisión del análisis de frecuencia de resonancia mediante Osstell® de tercera generación

The Resonance Frequency Analysis by Osstell® is used in the assessment of primary and secondary implant stability. The aim of this study was to determine its accuracy as a method of testing, checking its repeatability and reproducibility. A pilot study was performed whereby implants were placed in a cow rib to compare several ISQ measurements with the same SmartPeg transducer (repeatability), or with different SmartPegs (reproducibility). Statistical analysis of the data showed a high correlation of the ISQ values obtained in both assays, which suggests that Osstell®analysis can provide high repeatability and reproducibility.

El análisis de frecuencia de resonancia (AFR) por Osstell® se utiliza en la evaluación de la estabilidad primaria y secundaria del implante. El objetivo del presente estudio fue establecer la precisión del AFR mediante Osstell©, como método de prueba empleado en la determinación de la estabilidad implantaria. Se realizó un estudio experimental in vitro, en el que se colocaron implantes en una costilla de vaca y compararon diferentes mediciones del coeficiente de estabilidad del implante (ISQ) obtenidas sobre estos implantes con un mismo transductor SmartPeg (repetibilidad) o con diferentes SmartPegs (reproductibilidad). El análisis estadístico de los datos mostró una elevada correlación de los ISQ obtenidos en ambos ensayos, lo cual sugiere una reproductibilidad y repetibilidad elevada del análisis mediante Osstell.