RESUMO
Neutrophil accumulation is associated with lung pathology during active tuberculosis (ATB). However, the molecular mechanism or mechanisms by which neutrophils accumulate in the lung and contribute to TB immunopathology are not fully delineated. Using the well-established mouse model of TB, our new data provide evidence that the alarmin S100A8/A9 mediates neutrophil accumulation during progression to chronic TB. Depletion of neutrophils or S100A8/A9 deficiency resulted in improved Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) control during chronic but not acute TB. Mechanistically, we demonstrate that, following Mtb infection, S100A8/A9 expression is required for upregulation of the integrin molecule CD11b specifically on neutrophils, mediating their accumulation during chronic TB disease. These findings are further substantiated by increased expression of S100A8 and S100A9 mRNA in whole blood in human TB progressors when compared with nonprogressors and rapidly decreased S100A8/A9 protein levels in the serum upon TB treatment. Furthermore, we demonstrate that S100A8/A9 serum levels along with chemokines are useful in distinguishing between ATB and asymptomatic Mtb-infected latent individuals. Thus, our results support targeting S100A8/A9 pathways as host-directed therapy for TB.
Assuntos
Antígeno CD11b/imunologia , Calgranulina A/imunologia , Calgranulina B/imunologia , Mycobacterium tuberculosis/imunologia , Infiltração de Neutrófilos/imunologia , Neutrófilos/imunologia , Tuberculose/imunologia , Animais , Antígeno CD11b/genética , Calgranulina A/genética , Calgranulina B/genética , Camundongos , Camundongos Knockout , Neutrófilos/patologia , Tuberculose/genética , Tuberculose/patologia , Tuberculose/terapiaRESUMO
El sistema respiratorio se encuentra en contacto con agentes patógenos; sin embargo, gracias a la respuesta inmune innata de éste, sólo en raras ocasiones se produce la enfermedad. Las células epiteliales del tracto respiratorio desempeñan un papel importante para evitar la colonización del pulmón por agentes infecciosos, identificando a los microorganismos a través de receptores especializados como los toll-like. Asimismo, son capaces de secretar citocinas, péptidos antimicrobianos y otras moléculas proinflamatorias, las cuales evitan el establecimiento de patógenos.
The respiratory tract is one of the main systems which is in perennial contact with a wide variety of pathogenic microorganisms; however, infection is seldom produced due to its innate immune response. Respiratory tract epithelial cells play a very important role to avoid colonization of the lung by infectious agents, because they recognize microbial molecules through very specialized receptors, such as toll-like receptors; moreover, these cells posses a broad variety of molecules which are related to local immunity. Respiratory tract epithelial cells produce chemokines, antimicrobial peptides and other proinflammatory molecules that prevent the establishment of pathogenic microorganisms.