Correction to: Retinal complications of gout: a case report and review of the literature.

CORRECTION: After publication of the article [1], it has been brought to our attention that the images displayed in Figs. 1, 2 and 3 have been transposed.

Retinal complications of gout: a case report and review of the literature.

BACKGROUND: There have been few reported findings of posterior segment complications of gout. While exudative lesions, an increased risk of macular degeneration, and vascular occlusions have been previously reported, to our knowledge, refractile macular lesions have not been reported in a patient with chronic uncontrolled gout. CASE PRESENTATION: Highly refractile, crystal-like lesions were found in the macula of a 62 year old male patient with chronically uncontrolled gout. The lesions appeared at the termination of retinal arterioles and were located at the level of the retinal pigment epithelium. The lesions did not stain with fluorescein and were associated with larger areas geographic atrophy. Review of the patient's blood tests revealed well-controlled vasculopathic risk factors. Fundus appearance and best-corrected visual acuity remained stable over 12 months of follow-up during which the uric acid levels were well controlled. CONCLUSION: Retinopathy may be associated with chronically uncontrolled gout and patients with visual complaints should undergo a dilated examination in addition to the typical anterior segment slit-lamp exam.

Early Surface Ablation on Aborted LASIK Flaps.

PURPOSE: To report the outcomes of a series of 16 patients who had secondary surface ablation within 4 weeks of an aborted femtosecond laser-assisted in situ keratomileusis (FS-LASIK) procedure. METHODS: A retrospective chart review of electronic medical record data from 2011 to 2015 was performed to identify eyes of patients who had an aborted FS-LASIK procedure followed by secondary surface ablation (photorefractive keratectomy or laser epithelial keratomileusis) within 4 weeks of the primary procedure. Patients were required to have at least three postoperative visits to be included in the study. RESULTS: The review identified 20 aborted FS-LASIK procedures of 7,142 eyes (0.003%), of which 16 met the inclusion criteria. The most common reasons for abortion were incomplete (10) and decentered (3) flaps. Thirteen of 16 eyes were treated within 2 weeks. A total of 11 of 16 eyes achieved uncorrected distance visual acuity (UDVA) of 20/20, 13 of 16 achieved UDVA of 20/25 or better, and 15 of 16 had a corrected distance visual acuity (CDVA) of 20/20. There were no intraoperative complications during the second procedure and there were no cases of diffuse lamellar keratitis. One patient developed postoperative haze with a CDVA of 20/25 and was lost to follow-up. CONCLUSIONS: This case series indicates that early surface ablation (within 4 weeks) after an aborted FS-LASIK procedure may be performed with good visual outcomes. [J Refract Surg. 2019;35(2):121-125.].

Accuracy of Visual Estimation of LASIK Flap Thickness.

PURPOSE: To assess the accuracy of surgeons' visual estimation of LASIK flap thickness when created by a femtosecond laser by comparing it to ultrasound measurements. METHODS: Surgeons were asked to visually estimate the thickness of a femtosecond flap during the procedure. Total corneal thickness was measured by ultrasound pachymetry prior to the procedure and the stromal bed was similarly measured after flap lifting. The estimates from three experienced surgeons (cornea fellowship trained and more than 5 years in practice) were compared to those of three cornea fellows, with each surgeon evaluating 20 eyes (120 total). Surgeons were not told the thickness of the flaps unless required for safety reasons. RESULTS: The average difference between visual and ultrasonic estimation of LASIK flap thickness was 15.20 µm. The flap was 10 µm thicker than estimated in 37% of eyes, 20 µm thicker in 17% of eyes, and 30 µm thicker in 10% of eyes. The largest deviation was 53 µm. There was no statistically significant difference between the accuracy of experienced surgeons and fellows (P = .51). CONCLUSIONS: There are significant differences between surgeons' visual estimates and ultrasonic measurements of LASIK flap thickness. Relying on these visual estimates may lead to deeper excimer laser ablation than intended. This could lead to thinner residual stromal beds and higher percent tissue altered than planned. The authors recommend that surgeons measure flaps intraoperatively to maximize accuracy and safety. [J Refract Surg. 2017;33(11):765-767.].