Endothelial Involvement in Monocular Mpox Keratitis: In Vivo Confocal Microscopy Approach.

PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to describe the clinical features and endothelial involvement in a case of Mpox virus keratitis by in vivo confocal microscopy (IVCM). METHODS: This is a case report. RESULTS: A 35-year-old man presented with redness, photophobia, pain, tearing, and a low visual acuity of 0.09 (decimal) in the left eye with a 6-week history of Mpox and corneal trauma. Previous testing of blood, interdigital skin lesions, and conjunctival and eyelid margin swabs confirmed the presence of Mpox by polymerase chain reaction. Biomicroscopy displayed superficial stromal infiltrates with a continuous but irregular epithelium. IVCM revealed the presence of pseudoguttata, loss of defined cell boundaries, infiltration of inflammatory cells in the endothelial layer, endothelial ridges, and precipitated pigmented granules, consistent with endotheliitis. After this episode, the patient had 4 reactivations, also treated with topical corticoids and oral tecovirimat 600 mg twice a day for 2 weeks. On the fourth reactivation, this treatment was extended to 4 weeks. On the last visit, the patient presented a visual acuity of 0.5 with disciform keratitis and reduced endotheliitis signs. The endothelial cell density remained normal during the follow-up (2763 ± 376 cell/mm 2 at baseline and 2795 ± 238 cell/mm 2 at the last visit). Polymegathism and pleomorphism showed altered values during the follow-up. CONCLUSIONS: Patients with an altered corneal epithelial barrier could suffer Mpox endotheliitis, like other DNA viruses, before disciform keratitis appears. IVCM is a useful tool for the early detection of endotheliitis and for describing its evolution, improving patient care.

Amniotic membrane implantation as a therapeutic contact lens for the treatment of epithelial disorders.

PURPOSE: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of amniotic membrane implantation as a therapeutic contact lens in the treatment of different epithelial defects without stromal ulceration. METHODS: We used amniotic membrane implantation as a therapeutic contact lens in 20 consecutive patients with epithelial defects. Group 1 included 10 patients with persistent epithelial defects that did not respond to medical treatment. Group 2 included 10 patients with surgically induced epithelial defects. RESULTS: No intra- or postoperative complications were observed. The amniotic membrane implant remained in place for a mean of 12.5 days (range, 3-34). In 11 of the 20 patients, the amniotic membrane implant became detached within the first 8 days. When the corneal implant was postoperatively covered with a soft contact lens, this time increased. In group 1, complete epithelialization was achieved in three of the four cases in which the amniotic membrane remained in place for 2 or more weeks. There were no cases of complete epithelialization in which the implant remained in place for less than 1 week. In group 2, epithelialization was achieved in all cases, regardless of the time that the implant remained in place. CONCLUSION: Amniotic membrane implanted as a therapeutic contact lens can be an effective and safe option for the treatment of different epithelial defects. In patients with persistent epithelial defects, the number of cases with complete postoperative epithelialization was higher when the amniotic membrane remained in place longer. The early detachment of the amniotic membrane implant remains a major problem, even with the use of multiple fixation sutures.