RESUMO
The aim of this study was to evaluate the changes in the serum and salivary inflammatory markers induced by Diabetes mellitus (DM) in dogs and to assess the possible confounding effect of gingivitis. A panel of 13 cytokines was measured in the serum and saliva of dogs diagnosed with DM and compared with healthy dogs without gingivitis (control group 1; CG1) and dogs with gingivitis but otherwise healthy (control group 2; CG2). The results of the present study showed statistically significantly higher levels of IL-8, KC-like and MCP1 in the serum of dogs with DM compared to CG1 dogs. In the case of saliva, the DM group presented statistically higher GM-CSF, IL6, IL15, and MCP1 levels compared to CG1, and lower KC-like chemokine compared to CG2. Finally, gingivitis produced changes in saliva, with salivary levels of GM-CSF, IL-6, IL-7, IL-15, IP-10, KC-like, IL-10, IL-18, MCP1, TNFα being statistically significantly higher in the saliva of CG2 dogs compared to CG1. The results of the present study indicate that dogs with DM have altered cytokine levels in serum and saliva compared to healthy dogs. In addition, this study highlights the importance of taking oral health into account when determining cytokines in dogs, as gingivitis can significantly alter their concentrations. .
Assuntos
Diabetes Mellitus , Doenças do Cão , Gengivite , Cães , Animais , Fator Estimulador de Colônias de Granulócitos e Macrófagos , Saliva , Citocinas , Gengivite/veterinária , Diabetes Mellitus/veterináriaRESUMO
Congenital pseudomyotonia in cattle (PMT) is a rare skeletal muscle disorder, clinically characterized by stiffness and by delayed muscle relaxation after exercise. Muscle relaxation impairment is due to defective content of the Sarco(endo)plasmic Reticulum Ca2+ ATPase isoform 1 (SERCA1) protein, caused by missense mutations in the ATP2A1 gene. PMT represents the only mammalian model of human Brody myopathy. In the Romagnola breed, two missense variants occurring in the same allele were described, leading to Gly211Val and Gly286Val (G211V/G286V) substitutions. In this study, we analyzed the consequences of G211V and G286V mutations. Results support that the reduced amount of SERCA1 is a consequence of the G211V mutation, the G286V mutation almost being benign and the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) being involved. After blocking the proteasome using a proteasome inhibitor, we found that the G211V mutant accumulates in cells at levels comparable to those of WT SERCA1. Our conclusion is that G211/286V mutations presumably originate in a folding-defective SERCA1 protein, recognized and diverted to degradation by UPS, although still catalytically functional, and that the main role is played by G211V mutation. Rescue of mutated SERCA1 to the sarcoplasmic reticulum membrane can re-establish resting cytosolic Ca2+ concentration and prevent the appearance of pathological signs, paving the way for a possible therapeutic approach against Brody disease.
Assuntos
Síndrome de Isaacs , Bovinos , Humanos , Animais , Síndrome de Isaacs/genética , Síndrome de Isaacs/veterinária , Síndrome de Isaacs/patologia , ATPases Transportadoras de Cálcio do Retículo Sarcoplasmático/genética , Complexo de Endopeptidases do Proteassoma/genética , Inibidores de Proteassoma , Estresse do Retículo Endoplasmático , Retículo Sarcoplasmático/genética , Mutação , Ubiquitina/genética , Músculo Esquelético/patologia , MamíferosRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To describe the short-term response, early prognostic markers, and survival after treatment of canine immune-mediated thrombocytopenia (ITP) with human intravenous immunoglobulin (hIVIG) and methylprednisolone. DESIGN: Retrospective cohort study. SETTINGS: Private referral veterinary medical center. ANIMALS: Twenty-seven client-owned dogs with primary or secondary ITP. INTERVENTIONS: All dogs received 2 mg/kg IV methylprednisolone once daily and a single infusion of 5% hIVIG administered over 6-12 hours. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: A substantial increase in platelet count within 60 ± 12 hours post-hIVIG infusion (T60) was observed in 19 of the 27 (70%) dogs with ITP (responders). Thirty-four variables, including serum immunoglobulin (Ig) G concentration 24 ± 12 hours post-hIVIG infusion (T24IgG) and increase in serum IgG concentration 24 ± 12 hours post-hIVIG infusion (T24ΔIgG), were compared between responders and nonresponders at 5 different time points. Mortality rates of responders and nonresponders were evaluated 14 days post-hIVIG infusion. Serum T24IgG and serum T24ΔIgG were both significantly higher at T60 in responders. All responders were alive 14 days post-hIVIG infusion, and their mortality rate was significantly lower compared with nonresponders. CONCLUSIONS: Responder dogs had an excellent 14-day survival rate. Serum T24IgG and serum T24ΔIgG concentrations accurately predicted response status at 60 hours post-hIVIG infusion.
RESUMO
OBJECTIVES: The aim of the study was to determine whether cardiogenic pleural effusion in cats is associated with a lower risk of arterial thromboembolism (ATE) compared with cats with cardiac disease without evidence of pleural effusion. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted on owned cats with natural occurring cardiac diseases. Cats included were classified in three groups: those with cardiac disease but no evidence of congestive heart failure (CHF); those with evidence of cardiogenic pulmonary oedema; and those with evidence of cardiogenic pleural effusion. Prevalence of ATE was calculated and the variables analysed for an association with this outcome were the presence and type of CHF, sex and neuter status, age, breed, type of cardiac diseases and left atrial (LA) dimension. A multivariable logistic regression model was used to fit the association between ATE and these variables. RESULTS: A total of 366 cats with cardiac disease met the inclusion criteria: 179 were included in the group with cardiac disease but no evidence of CHF, 66 in the group with evidence of cardiogenic pulmonary oedema and 121 in the group with evidence of cardiogenic pleural effusion. Prevalence of ATE (58/366 [15.8%]) was significantly different among groups (with no evidence of CHF, 28/179 [15.6%]; with evidence of cardiogenic pulmonary oedema, 22/66 [33.3%]; with evidence of cardiogenic pleural effusion, 8/121 [6.6%]; P <0.001). Cats with ATE had a significantly higher LA to aortic root ratio (2.30 ± 0.46) than those without ATE (2.04 ± 0.46; P <0.001). Multivariable logistic regression analysis indicated that the group with evidence of cardiogenic pleural effusion was associated with a lower risk of developing ATE compared with groups with cardiac disease but no evidence of CHF and with evidence of cardiogenic pulmonary oedema (P = 0.005 and P <0.001, respectively). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: Presence of cardiogenic pleural effusion is associated with a lower risk of developing ATE, while LA enlargement is a risk factor for ATE.
Assuntos
Doenças do Gato , Cardiopatias , Insuficiência Cardíaca , Derrame Pleural , Edema Pulmonar , Tromboembolia , Animais , Doenças do Gato/epidemiologia , Gatos , Estudos Transversais , Cardiopatias/veterinária , Insuficiência Cardíaca/complicações , Insuficiência Cardíaca/veterinária , Derrame Pleural/epidemiologia , Derrame Pleural/veterinária , Edema Pulmonar/complicações , Edema Pulmonar/veterinária , Tromboembolia/epidemiologia , Tromboembolia/veterináriaRESUMO
Obesity is a common nutrition-related disorder leading to reduced life expectancy in both humans and dogs. With the aim of identifying new prevention and control options, the study objectives were (1) to investigate dog-owner perceptions about obesity in terms of themselves and their dogs, and (2) to identify factors associated with obesity and possible social, environmental and economic drivers for its development in dog owners and their pets. A cross-sectional questionnaire-based study was performed across multiple countries. The questionnaire focused on human and canine obesity, associated factors and potential drivers, and was distributed online and in the form of hard copies among dog owners in 11 European countries. In total, 3,185 responses from ten countries were included in multivariable analyses. Between 19.1% and 48.8% of the dog owners reported to be overweight/obese. Owner-reported overweight/obesity in dogs ranged from 6.0% to 31.3% based on body condition score charts, and 31.8% to 69.4% based on body fat index charts. Common factors associated with obesity in owners and their dogs were age, gender and owners' attitudes to diet and physical activity. Dog owners who did not consider obesity to be a disease were more likely to have obese dogs.