Effect of Treating Periodontal Disease in Pregnant Women to Reduce the Risk of Preterm Birth and Low Birth Weight: An Umbrella Review.

Background: The aim of this review was to evaluate the effects of periodontal disease (PD) treatment in pregnant women to reduce the risk of preterm birth (PB) and low birth weight (LBW) by conducting an umbrella review. Methods: A comprehensive search for the literature up to April 2024 was conducted across multiple databases including PubMed, Cochrane Library, Scopus, EMBASE, Scielo, Web of Science, Google Scholar, Proquest Dissertations and Theses, and OpenGrey. We specifically targeted systematic reviews (SRs) with or without meta-analyses, irrespective of language or time constraints, focusing on primary studies examining the effect of PD treatment in pregnant women to reduce the risk of PB and LBW. Various types of non-systematic reviews, intervention studies, observational studies, preclinical and basic research, summaries, comments, case reports, protocols, personal opinions, letters, and posters were excluded from consideration. The quality and overall confidence of the included studies were assessed using the AMSTAR-2 tool. Results: After the initial search, 232 articles were identified, of which only 24 met the selection criteria after exclusion. The majority of these studies indicated that periodontal treatment reduces the risk of PB and LBW. Conclusions: According to the findings and conclusions drawn from the SRs with a high overall confidence level, PD treatment in pregnant women reduces the risk of PB and LBW.

Bibliometric Study of Scientific Productivity on the Impacts on Mental Health in Times of Pandemic.

Background and Objectives: The presence of the new SARS-CoV-2 virus is causing enormous threats to people's health and lives, so quantifying the scientific productivity on mental health in times of pandemic is an urgent need, especially to expand the degree of knowledge on mental health problems in regions of low scientific productivity. The aim was to characterize the bibliometric indicators of scientific productivity on mental health during the pandemic in the PubMed Identifier database of the National Library of Medicine in the United States. Materials and Methods: A documentary study (bibliometric) of the scientific productivity on mental health in times of pandemic from January 2020 to June 2021 was carried out. The PubMed database was used to abstract the information from the original scientific articles. The data abstracted were: authors, year of publication, journal name, country, and language of publication. Results: We identified 47 original articles worldwide, which were published in 29 journals and in three languages (English, Spanish, and German). We observed three groups of countries that published on mental health topics. The first group comprised the largest number of publications, which were multicenter studies (six studies), followed by India (five studies), and Italy (four studies). A second group comprised Bangladesh, China, USA, and Spain, with 3 studies each; and a third group comprised 13 countries (Albania, Saudi Arabia, Argentina, Brazil, South Korea, Denmark, Ecuador, Egypt, Greece, Japan, Jordan, Kuwait, and New Zealand) with one study each. Conclusions: Bibliometric indicators of scientific productivity on mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic have ostensibly increased. We verified 47 studies in PubMed, which could serve to improve the understanding and management of COVID-19, as well as serve as a thought-provoking means for other countries and researchers to publish on the state of mental health during and post pandemic.

Medical Professionalism and Its Association with Dropout Intention in Peruvian Medical Students during the COVID-19 Pandemic.

BACKGROUND: The COVID-19 pandemic introduced unprecedented challenges to medical education systems and medical students worldwide, making it necessary to adapt teaching to a remote methodology during the academic year 2020-2021. The aim of this study was to characterize the association between medical professionalism and dropout intention during the pandemic in Peruvian medical schools. METHODS: A cross-sectional online-survey-based study was performed in four Peruvian medical schools (two public) during the academic year 2020-2021. Medical students, attending classes from home, answered three scales measuring clinical empathy, teamwork, and lifelong learning abilities (three elements of medical professionalism) and four scales measuring loneliness, anxiety, depression, and subjective wellbeing. In addition, 15 demographic, epidemiological, and academic variables (including dropout intention) were collected. Variables were assessed using multiple logistic regression analysis. RESULTS: The study sample was composed of 1107 students (390 male). Eight variables were included in an explanatory model (Nagelkerke-R2 = 0.35). Anxiety, depression, intention to work in the private sector, and teamwork abilities showed positive associations with dropout intention while learning abilities, subjective wellbeing, studying in a public medical school, and acquiring a better perception of medicine during the pandemic showed a negative association with dropout intention. No association was observed for empathy. CONCLUSIONS: Each element measured showed a different role, providing new clues on the influence that medical professionalism had on dropout intention during the pandemic. This information can be useful for medical educators to have a better understanding of the influence that professionalism plays in dropout intention.

Association between the Risk of Preterm Birth and Low Birth Weight with Periodontal Disease in Pregnant Women: An Umbrella Review.

BACKGROUND: The purpose of this review is to determine the association between the risk of preterm birth and low birth weight in newborns and periodontal disease in pregnant women. METHODS: A bibliographic search was carried out until November 2021 in the following biomedical databases: PubMed/Medline, Cochrane Library, Scopus, EMBASE, Web of Science, Scielo, LILACS and Google Scholar. Studies reporting the association between the risk of preterm birth and low birth weight in newborns with periodontal disease in pregnant women, which were systematic reviews, in English and without time limits were included. AMSTAR-2 was used to assess the risk of the included studies, and the GRADEPro GDT tool was used to assess the quality of the evidence and the strength of the recommendation of the results. RESULTS: The preliminary search yielded a total of 161 articles, discarding those that did not meet the selection criteria, leaving only 15 articles. Seven articles were entered into a meta-analysis, and it was found that there is an association between the risk of preterm birth and low birth weight in newborns with periodontal disease in pregnant women. CONCLUSIONS: There is an association between the risk of preterm birth and low birth weight in newborns with periodontal disease in pregnant women.

[Validation of a belief scale regarding adherence to iron supplementation treatment in mothers of children with anemia]. / Validación de una escala de creencias sobre la adherencia al tratamiento con suplementos de hierro en madres de niños con anemia.

Introduction: Introduction: anemia in children can cause cognitive and motor deficits that can lead to difficulties in academic performance, physical endurance, affecting health and well-being Objective: to develop and validate a scale of beliefs about adherence to iron supplementation treatment in mothers of children with anemia (SBAIST) living in a high altitude region of Peru. Methods: a cross-sectional study was conducted in 192 mothers of children with anemia living in a high altitude region of Peru. The Health Belief Model (HBM) was used to develop and validate the SBAIST. Expert judgment analysis (Aiken's V) was used for content validity and exploratory factor analysis for construct validity. Reliability was determined by internal consistency. Results: for content validity, Aiken's V test showed concordant values for relevance (0.60 to 0.90), relevance (0.75 to 0.95), clarity (0.80 to 0.90) and total scale (0.75 to 0.92). Cronbach's alpha values per question ranged from α = 0.70 to 0.81, and for total scale was α = 0.75. The exploratory factor analysis (EFA) reflected Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin (KMO) values of 0.733, Bartlett's test of sphericity indicated a value of 968.680 (p < 0.001). The eigenvalues in the five dimensions reflected values from 1.05 to 4.03. The percentage of variance for factor 1 (barriers = 33.58 %), factor 2 (severity = 12.61 %), factor 3 (action cues = 10.78 %), factor 4 (barriers = 8.07 %), factor 5 (susceptibility = 7.63 %), and for the total scale was 74.12 %. Conclusion: HBM is a useful tool that allowed validation of the scale of beliefs about adherence to iron supplementation treatment in mothers of children with anemia living at high altitude in Peru.

Introducción: Introducción: la anemia en los niños puede provocar deficiencias cognitivas y motoras que pueden conducir a dificultades en el rendimiento académico y la resistencia física, afectando a la salud y el bienestar. Objetivo: desarrollar y validar una escala de creencias sobre la adherencia al tratamiento con suplemento de hierro en madres de niños con anemia (ECATSH) que viven en una región de altitud del Perú. Métodos: se efectuó un estudio transversal en 192 madres de niños con anemia que viven en una región de elevada altitud del Perú. Se utilizó el modelo de creencias de salud (MCS) para desarrollar y validar la ECATSH. Para la validez del contenido se utilizó el análisis de juicio de expertos (V de Aiken) y para la validez del constructo, el análisis factorial exploratorio. La confiabilidad se determinó por consistencia interna. Resultados: en la validez del contenido, la prueba V de Aiken reflejó valores concordantes para la pertinencia (0,60 a 0,90), relevancia (0,75 a 0,95), claridad (0,80 a 0,90) y la escala total (0,75 a 0,92). Los valores de la alfa de Cronbach por pregunta oscilaron desde α = 0,70 hasta 0,81, y para la escala total fue de α = 0,75. El análisis factorial exploratorio (AFE) reflejó valores de Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin (KMO) de 0,733, la prueba de esfericidad de Bartlett indicó un valor de 968,680 (p < 0,001). Los valores propios en las cinco dimensiones reflejaron valores desde 1,05 hasta 4,03. El porcentaje de la varianza para el factor 1 (barreras = 33,58 %), factor 2 (gravedad = 12,61 %), factor 3 (señales de acción = 10,78 %), factor 4 (barreras = 8,07 %), factor 5 (susceptibilidad = 7,63 %) y total de la escala fue de 74,12 %. Conclusión: el MCS es una herramienta útil que permitió validar la escala de creencias sobre la adherencia al tratamiento con suplemento de hierro en madres de niños con anemia que viven a elevada altitud del Perú.

Association between early childhood caries and nutritional status in children in a peruvian social program: a cross-sectional study / Asociación entre caries de la primera infancia y estado nutricional en niños de un programa social peruano: un estudio transversal

Introduction: Early childhood caries is still very prevalent, mainly in developing countries, and it is related to the quality of life of children due to early tooth loss. Objective: The study objective was to determine the association between dental caries and its clinical consequences on nutritional status in children of the "Vaso de Leche (Glass of Milk)'' social program, in Puno City, Peru, during the year 2020. Materials and Methods: An observational, descriptive-correlational, cross-sectional study; the sample consisted of 740 children between 1 and 5 years old who met the selection criteria; the clinical consequences of untreated dental caries were evaluated using the PUFA index and the prevalence of caries with def-t; the nutritional status was determined by the weight and height of the child according to protocols (NTS No. 357 - MINSA /2017/ DGIESP); the data were analyzed with the SPSS-v25 program, the association between variables was evaluated with the chi-square test, Mann-Whitney U test and Spearman's Rho test, considering significance at a p-value <0.05. Results: No significant relationship was found when dental caries was evaluated with the nutritional condition (p<0.05). However, when the def-t index values were related to the nutritional condition of the children, a significant difference was found (p<0.05). There was no significant difference with the PUFA index (p>0.05). Conclusions: There is no association between early childhood caries and nutritional status in children aged between 3 and 5 years; however, a significant relationship was found between the values of the def-t index and the nutritional status of the children.

Introducción: La caries infantil temprana sigue siendo muy prevalente, principalmente en los países en desarrollo, y está relacionada con la calidad de vida de los niños debido a la pérdida temprana de dientes Objetivo: El objetivo del estudio fue determinar la asociación entre la caries dental y sus consecuencias clínicas sobre el estado nutricional en niños del programa social "Vaso de Leche", en la ciudad de Puno, Perú, durante el año 2020. Materiales y Métodos: Estudio observacional, estudio descriptivo-correlacional, transversal; la muestra estuvo conformada por 740 niños entre 1 y 5 años que cumplieron con los criterios de selección, se evaluaron las consecuencias clínicas de la caries dental no tratada mediante el índice PUFA y la prevalencia de caries con d-t; el estado nutricional se determinó mediante el peso y talla del niño según protocolos (NTS N°357 MINSA/2017/DGIESP; los datos se analizaron con el programa SPSS-v25, la asociación entre variables se evaluó con el chi); -cuadrado, U de Mann-Whitney y Rho de Spearman, considerando significancia a un valor de p<0,05. Resultado: No se encontró relación significativa cuando se evaluó la caries dental con la condición nutricional (p<0,05). Sin embargo, cuando los valores del índice d-t se relacionaron con la condición nutricional de los niños, se encontró una diferencia significativa (p<0,05). No hubo diferencia significativa con el índice PUFA (p>0,05). Conclusión: No existe asociación entre caries de la primera infancia y el estado nutricional en niños de 3 a 5 años; sin embargo, se encontró una relación significativa entre los valores del índice d-t y el estado nutricional de los niños.

Telemedicina durante la pandemia del COVID-19 en una ciudad altoandina: Estudio en línea a pacientes / Telemedicine during the COVID-19 pandemic in a high Andean city: Online patient study / Telemedicina durante a pandemia de COVID-19 em uma cidade do alto dos Andes: estudo de pacientes on-line

Con la llegada de la pandemia del COVID-19, el gobierno peruano realizó modificaciones en el sistema de salud, dando paso al decreto legislativo N° 117-2020, para el servicio de telemedicina dentro del sector de la salud pública y privada, entendiéndose como la comunicación entre el paciente y el profesional médico a través de un dispositivo como computadora o teléfono. Objetivo. Identificar los niveles de satisfacción en la atención del servicio por telemedicina de los pacientes de una clínica privada de especialidades médicas en la ciudad de Puno durante la pandemia por COVID-19. Materiales y métodos. El diseño del estudio fue observacional, prospectivo; previo consentimiento informado, se aplicó el cuestionario The Patient Satisfaction Questionnaire Short Form [PSQ-18] de manera virtual a 56 pacientes mayores de 18 años seleccionados de manera no probabilística durante la pandemia mediante la telemedicina en una clínica de Puno durante el 2020 y 2021. Resultados. El 55,4% de los pacientes se mostraron parcialmente satisfechos y el 39,3% indicaron estar satisfechos; encontrándose asociación estadística significativa entre la satisfacción de la atención de salud mediante telemedicina con la edad del paciente (p<0,01*); las dimensiones del cuestionario mostraron medias ligeramente altas, destacando las dimensiones Accesibilidad y comodidad (12,93±3,13); Calidad técnica (12,34±3,56); Trato interpersonal (6,45±1,32); aspectos financieros (6,32±1,52) y satisfacción general (6,11±1,88). Conclusiones. Las dimensiones referidas a la calidad técnica, comodidad y accesibilidad fueron reportadas con mayores niveles de satisfacción, estos hallazgos contribuyen a la evidencia sobre la aceptación de la telemedicina como una alternativa viable para brindar atención de calidad.

With the arrival of the COVID-19 pandemic, the Peruvian government made changes in the health system, giving way to Legislative Decree No. 117-2020, for the telemedicine service within the public and private health sector, understood as the communication between the patient and the medical professional through a device such as a computer or telephone. Objective. To identify the levels of satisfaction with the telemedicine service provided to patients in a private medical specialty clinic in the city of Puno during the COVID-19 pandemic. Materials and methods. The study design was observational, prospective; prior informed consent, The Patient Satisfaction Questionnaire Short Form [PSQ-18] was applied virtually to 56 patients over 18 years of age selected in a non-probabilistic manner during the pandemic through telemedicine in a clinic in Puno during 2020 and 2021. Results. 55.4% of the patients were partially satisfied and 39.3% were satisfied; a significant statistical association was found between satisfaction with health care through telemedicine and the patient's age (p<0.01*); the dimensions of the questionnaire showed slightly high averages, highlighting the dimensions Accessibility and comfort (12.93±3.13); Technical quality (12.34±3.56); Interpersonal treatment (6.45±1.32); financial aspects (6.32±1.52) and general satisfaction (6.11±1.88). Conclusions. The dimensions referring to technical quality, comfort and accessibility were reported with higher levels of satisfaction, these findings contribute to the evidence on the acceptance of telemedicine as a viable alternative to provide quality care.

Com a chegada da pandemia da COVID-19, o governo peruano realizou mudanças no sistema de saúde, dando lugar ao Decreto Legislativo nº 117-2020, para o serviço de telemedicina no setor de saúde pública e privada, entendido como a comunicação entre o paciente e o profissional médico por meio de um dispositivo como computador ou telefone. Objetivo. Identificar a satisfação do paciente com o atendimento de telemedicina em uma clínica privada de especialidades médicas na cidade de Puno durante a pandemia da COVID-19. Materiais e métodos. O desenho do estudo foi observacional, prospectivo; após o consentimento informado, o Patient Satisfaction Questionnaire Short Form [PSQ-18] foi aplicado virtualmente a 56 pacientes maiores de 18 anos selecionados de forma não probabilística durante a pandemia por meio da telemedicina em uma clínica em Puno durante 2020 e 2021. Resultados. 55,4% dos pacientes estavam parcialmente satisfeitos e 39,3% estavam satisfeitos; foi encontrada uma associação estatisticamente significativa entre a satisfação com o atendimento de saúde por telemedicina e a idade do paciente (p<0,01*); as dimensões do questionário apresentaram médias ligeiramente elevadas, com destaque para as dimensões Acessibilidade e conforto (12,93±3,13); Qualidade técnica (12,34±3,56); Tratamento interpessoal (6,45±1,32); Aspectos financeiros (6,32±1,52) e Satisfação geral (6,11±1,88). Conclusões. As dimensões referentes à qualidade técnica, ao conforto e à acessibilidade foram relatadas com níveis mais altos de satisfação. Esses achados contribuem para as evidências sobre a aceitação da telemedicina como uma alternativa viável para fornecer atendimento de qualidade.