The feasibility of an interactive voice response system (IVRS) for monitoring patient safety after discharge from the ED.

BACKGROUND: Return ED visits are frequent and may be due to adverse events: adverse outcomes related to healthcare received. An interactive voice response system (IVRS) is a technology that translates human telephone input into digital data. Use of IVRS has been explored in many healthcare settings but to a limited extent in the ED. We determined the feasibility of using an IVRS to assess for adverse events after ED discharge. METHODS: This before and after study assessed detection of adverse events among consecutive high-acuity patients discharged from a tertiary care ED pre-IVRS and post-IVRS over two 2-week periods. The IVRS asked if the patient was having a health problem and if they wanted to speak to a nurse. Patients responding yes received a telephone interview. We searched health records for deaths, admissions to hospital and return ED visits. Three trained emergency physicians independently determined adverse event occurrence. We analysed the data using descriptive statistics. RESULTS: Of 968 patients studied, patients' age, sex, acuity and presenting complaint were comparable pre-IVRS and post-IVRS. Postimplementation, 393 (81.7%) of 481 patients had successful IVRS contact. Of these, 89 (22.6%) wanted to speak to a nurse. A total of 37 adverse events were detected over the two periods: 10 patients with 10 (6.5%) adverse events pre-IVRS and 16 patients with 27 (16.9%) adverse events post-IVRS. In the postimplementation period, the adverse events of seven patients were detected by the IVRS and five patients spontaneously requested assistance navigating post-ED care. CONCLUSIONS: This was a successful proof-of-concept study for applying IVRS technology to assess patient safety issues for discharged high-acuity ED patients.

The portrayal of Tourette Syndrome in film and television.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the representation of Tourette Syndrome (TS) in fictional movies and television programs by investigating recurrent themes and depictions. BACKGROUND: Television and film can be a source of information and misinformation about medical disorders. Tourette Syndrome has received attention in the popular media, but no studies have been done on the accuracy of the depiction of the disorder. METHODS: International internet movie databases were searched using the terms "Tourette's", "Tourette's Syndrome", and "tics" to generate all movies, shorts, and television programs featuring a character or scene with TS or a person imitating TS. Using a grounded theory approach, we identified the types of characters, tics, and co-morbidities depicted as well as the overall representation of TS. RESULTS: Thirty-seven television programs and films were reviewed dating from 1976 to 2010. Fictional movies and television shows gave overall misrepresentations of TS. Coprolalia was overrepresented as a tic manifestation, characters were depicted having autism spectrum disorder symptoms rather than TS, and physicians were portrayed as unsympathetic and only focusing on medical therapies. School and family relationships were frequently depicted as being negatively impacted by TS, leading to poor quality of life. CONCLUSIONS: Film and television are easily accessible resources for patients and the public that may influence their beliefs about TS. Physicians should be aware that TS is often inaccurately represented in television programs and film and acknowledge misrepresentations in order to counsel patients accordingly.

Physician experience with the Epic electronic health record (EHR) system: longitudinal findings from an emergency department implementation.

OBJECTIVES: In June 2019, The Ottawa Hospital launched the Epic electronic health record system, which transitioned all departments from a primarily paper-based system to an electronic system using a 1-day "big bang" approach. We sought to evaluate emergency physicians' satisfaction with system implementation and perception of its impact on clinical practice in an academic emergency department (ED) setting. METHODS: Four electronic surveys were distributed to staff during pre-implementation (1-month prior [May 2019]) and post-implementation (1-month [July 2019], 9-month [March 2020], and 20-month [February 2021]) time periods. 5-point Likert scales were used to rate agreement with statements. Responses were compared using the Cochran-Mantel-Haenszel trend test to assess for significant differences. RESULTS: Response rates were consistent, ranging between 41 and 51%, with the exception of +9 months which was 27%. The majority of respondents were staff, working 8-15 shifts/month, with ≤ 10 years in practice. General satisfaction and confidence improved substantially from pre-implementation to 20 months post-implementation. Personalization sessions were perceived as not effective and lacking in quality, particularly immediately after Epic launch. Although clinical workflow tasks got easier, there were sustained challenges in efficiency and patient flow, including number of patients seen/hour, time spent after shift-end, and time spent on post-shift documentation. CONCLUSIONS: Although satisfaction and system confidence improved over time, there were sustained difficulties in overall efficiency long after implementation, with opportunities for future optimization. Training was lacking in terms of relevance to emergency physician workflow. These factors should be considered in future electronic health record implementations in ED settings.

RéSUMé: OBJECTIFS: En juin 2019, l'Hôpital d'Ottawa a lancé le système de dossiers de santé électroniques Epic, ce qui a permis de faire passer tous les services d'un système principalement basé sur le papier à un système électronique en utilisant une approche " big bang " d'une journée. Nous avons cherché à évaluer la satisfaction des médecins urgentistes quant à la mise en œuvre du système et la perception de son impact sur la pratique clinique dans un service d'urgence universitaire. MéTHODES: Quatre sondages électroniques ont été distribués au personnel pendant les périodes précédant la mise en œuvre (1 mois avant [mai 2019]) et suivant la mise en œuvre (1 mois [juillet 2019], 9 mois [mars 2020] et 20 mois [février 2021]). Des échelles de Likert à 5 points ont été utilisées pour évaluer l'accord avec les énoncés. Les réponses ont été comparées à l'aide du test de tendance de Cochran-Mantel-Haenszel pour évaluer les différences significatives. RéSULTATS: Les taux de réponse étaient constants, allant de 41 % à 51 %, à l'exception de celui de +9 mois qui était de 27 %. La majorité des répondants étaient des employés, travaillant de 8 à 15 quarts par mois, avec moins de 10 ans de pratique. La satisfaction générale et la confiance se sont considérablement améliorées entre la période précédant la mise en œuvre et la période de 20 mois suivant la mise en œuvre. Les sessions de personnalisation ont été perçues comme inefficaces et manquant de qualité, en particulier immédiatement après le lancement d'Epic. Bien que les tâches du flux de travail clinique aient été facilitées, l'efficacité et le flux de patients ont continué à poser problème, notamment le nombre de patients vus par heure, le temps passé après la fin du quart de travail et le temps consacré à la documentation après le quart de travail. CONCLUSIONS: Bien que la satisfaction et la confiance dans le système se soient améliorées au fil du temps, il y a eu des difficultés persistantes dans l'efficacité globale longtemps après la mise en œuvre, avec des possibilités d'optimisation future. La formation manquait de pertinence par rapport au flux de travail des médecins urgentistes. Ces facteurs devraient être pris en compte dans les futures mises en œuvre de dossiers médicaux électroniques dans les services d'urgence.

The Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic on Emergency Department Visits at a Canadian Academic Tertiary Care Center.

INTRODUCTION: Public health response to the coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has emphasized social distancing and stay-at-home policies. Reports of decreased emergency department (ED) visits in non-epicenters of the outbreak have raised concerns that patients with non-COVID-19 emergencies are delaying or avoiding seeking care. We evaluated the impact of the pandemic on ED visits at an academic tertiary care center. METHODS: We conducted an observational health records review between January 1-April 22, 2020, comparing characteristics of all ED visits between pre- and post-pandemic declaration by the World Health Organization. Measures included triage acuity, presenting complaints, final diagnoses, disposition, and mortality. We further examined three time-sensitive final diagnoses: stroke; sepsis; and acute coronary syndrome (ACS). RESULTS: In this analysis, we included 44,497 ED visits. Average daily ED visits declined from 458.1 to 289.0 patients/day (-36.9%). For the highest acuity triaged patients there was a drop of 1.1 patients/day (-24.9%). Daily ED visits related to respiratory complaints increased post-pandemic (+14.1%) while ED visits for many other complaints decreased, with the greatest decline in musculoskeletal (-52.5%) and trauma (-53.6%). On average there was a drop of 1.0 patient/day diagnosed with stroke (-17.6%); a drop of 1.6 patients/day diagnosed with ACS (-49.9%); and no change in patients diagnosed with sepsis (pre = 2.8 patients/day; post = 2.9 patients/day). CONCLUSION: Significant decline in ED visits was observed immediately following formal declaration of the COVID-19 pandemic, with potential for delayed/missed presentations of time-sensitive emergencies. Future research is needed to better examine long-term clinical outcomes of the decline in ED visits during pandemics.

Diagnostic Testing in Long-Term Care and Resident Emergency Department Visits: A Retrospective Cohort Study.

OBJECTIVES: To investigate the association between rapid access to radiographs, blood tests, urine cultures, and intravenous (IV) therapy in a long-term care (LTC) home with resident transfers to the emergency department (ED). DESIGN: Retrospective cohort study. SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS: 21,811 residents living in 162 LTC homes in Ontario, Canada. METHODS: We administered a survey to LTC homes to collect wait times for radiographs, basic blood tests, urine culture, and IV therapy. Rapid availability was defined as typically receiving test results within 1 or 2 days, or same-day IV therapy. We linked the survey results to administrative data and defined a cohort of residents living in survey-respondent homes between January and May 2017. We followed residents in the linked administrative databases for 6 months, until discharge, or death. Two physicians identified diagnostic codes for ED visits that were potentially preventable with rapid availability of each of the 4 resources. Multilevel logistic regression models estimated associations between potentially preventable ED visits and rapid diagnostic tests and intravenous access while controlling for demographic characteristics, illness severity, LTC home size, chain status, and physician availability. RESULTS: Rapid blood tests, radiographs, urine culture, and IV therapy were available in 55%, 47%, 34%, and 45% of LTC homes, respectively. LTC homes that were part of multihome chains were less likely to have rapid access to the 4 resources. Of the 4736 residents (27%) who visited an ED during follow-up, individuals from homes with rapid access to radiographs (odds ratio 0.79, 95% confidence interval 0.66-0.97), urine culture (0.88, 0.72-1.08), blood tests (0.83, 0.69-1.00), and IV therapy (0.93, 0.70-1.23) tended to have fewer potentially preventable ED visits. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS: Rapid access to diagnostic testing and IV therapy in LTC reduced ED visits. Improving access to these resources may prevent ED visits and allow residents to stay home.

Availability of Emergency Department Wait Times Information: A Patient-Centered Needs Assessment.

INTRODUCTION: Many Emergency Departments (ED) publish wait times; however, the patient perspective in what information is requested and the quantity of information to post is limited. METHODS: We conducted a mixed-methods study at a tertiary care academic center. First, we conducted focus groups of 7 patients. We then generated themes following content analysis to create a patient survey. We administered in-person surveys to patients in ED waiting rooms at sites randomized for survey administration. We used preassigned shifts utilized for even patient perspective representation of the 24 hours-a-day/7 days-a-week service. We included waiting room patients over 18 years of age and excluded patients directly referred to a specialty service or who did not speak French or English. We analyzed survey data using descriptive statistics. RESULTS: We identified nine dominant focus group themes: wait time definition, wait time notification, communication, education, patient expectations, utilization of the ED, patient behaviour, physical comfort, and patient empowerment. Of the 240 patient questionnaires administered, 81.3% of respondents wanted to know ED wait times before hospital arrival hospital and 90.8% wanted ED wait times posted in the waiting room. Website (46.7%) was the most popular choice for publishing wait times outside the ED. Within the ED, patients had no preference regarding display modality, if times were displayed (39.6%). Overall, 76.7% stated that their satisfaction with the ED would be improved if wait times were posted. CONCLUSION: ED patients strongly supported having access to wait time information. Patients believed having wait time information will have a positive impact on their overall ED satisfaction.

The impact of adoption of an electronic health record on emergency physician work: A time motion study.

OBJECTIVE: We assessed the impact of the transition from a primarily paper-based electronic health record (EHR) to a comprehensive EHR on emergency physician work tasks and efficiency in an academic emergency department (ED). METHODS: We conducted a time motion study of emergency physicians on shift in our ED. Fifteen emergency physicians were directly observed for two 4-hour sessions prior to EHR implementation, during go live, and then during post-implementation. Observers performed continuous observation and measured times for the following tasks: chart review, direct patient care, documentation, physical movement, communication, teaching, handover, and other. We compared time spent on tasks during the 3 phases of transition and analyzed mean times for the tasks per patient and per shift using 2-tailed t test for comparison. RESULTS: Physicians saw fewer patients per shift during go-live (0.51 patient/hour, P < 0.01), patient efficiency increased in post-implementation but did not recover to baseline (-0.31 patient/hour, P = 0.03). From pre-implementation to post-implementation, we observed a trend towards increased physician time spent charting (+54 seconds/patient, P = 0.05) and documenting (+36 seconds/patient, P = 0.36); time spent doing direct patient care trended towards decreasing (-0.43 seconds/patient, P = 0.23). A small percentage of shifts were spent receiving technical support and time spent on teaching activities remained relatively stable during EHR transition. CONCLUSION: A new EHR impacts emergency physician task allocation and several changes are sustained post-implementation. Physician efficiency decreased and did not recover to baseline. Understanding workflow changes during transition to EHR in the ED is necessary to develop strategies to maintain quality of care.

Ice cream rounds: The adaptation, implementation, and evaluation of a peer-support wellness rounds in an emergency medicine resident training program.

Introduction/Innovation ConceptEmergency medicine (EM) requires physicians to deal with acutely ill patients in a fast-paced and dynamic environment, which creates a barrier to debriefing after critical events. These unique challenges can negatively impact wellness. We sought to adapt and implement a peer-support wellness program called 'Ice Cream Rounds' in an EM residency setting. METHODS: A needs assessment survey was conducted among EM residents at The University of Ottawa to gauge interest and obtain resident input regarding program design. The structure of the sessions was adapted from similar initiatives in Canadian Pediatric Residency programs.Curriculum, Tool or MaterialConfidential peer-support sessions were created and piloted. Residents preferred peer facilitators, rather than staff, so two residents obtained training the Faculty of Medicine's Wellness Program to lead sessions. Attendance at rounds was voluntary; however, overall attendance was recorded along with feedback from pilot sessions. Discussion topics included difficult patient encounters, poor patient outcomes, challenges in residency, and ethical issues. Post implementation feedback demonstrated that Ice Cream Rounds was a helpful forum for residents to discuss important issues with colleagues. CONCLUSIONS: This is the first Canadian EM training program to adapt, implement, and evaluate peer-support wellness rounds for debriefing, and this initiative can be easily adopted by any EM training program.