Efficacy and safety of Qingda granule versus valsartan capsule in Chinese grade 1 hypertensive patients with low-moderate risk: A randomized, double-blind, double dummy, non-inferiority, multi-center trial.

BACKGROUND: The efficacy and safety of Qingda granule (QDG) in managing blood pressure (BP) among grade 1 hypertensive patients with low-moderate risk remain uncertain. METHODS: In the randomized, double-blind, double dummy, non-inferiority and multicenter trial, 552 patients with grade 1 hypertension at low-moderate risk were assigned at a ratio of 1:1 to receive either QDG or valsartan for 4 weeks, followed up by a subsequent 4 weeks. RESULTS: Post-treatment, clinic systolic/diastolic BPs (SBP/DBP) were reduced by a mean change of 9.18/4.04 mm Hg in the QDG group and 9.85/5.05 mm Hg in the valsartan group (SBP P = 0.47, DBP P = 0.16). Similarly, 24-hour, daytime and nighttime BPs were proportional in both groups (P > 0.05) after 4 weeks treatment. After discontinuing medications for 4 weeks, the mean reduction of clinic SBP/DBP were 0.29/0.57 mm Hg in the QDG group compared to -1.59/-0.48 mm Hg in the valsartan group (SBP P = 0.04, DBP P = 0.04). Simultaneously, the 24-hour SBP/DBP were reduced by 0.9/0.31 mm Hg in the QDG group and -1.66/-1.08 mm Hg in the valsartan group (SBP P = 0.006, DBP P = 0.02). And similar results were observed regarding the outcomes of daytime and nighttime BPs. There was no difference in occurrence of adverse events between two groups (P > 0.05). CONCLUSION: QDG proves to be efficacious for grade 1 hypertension at a low-to-medium risk, even after discontinuation of the medication for 4 weeks. These findings provide a promising option for managing grade 1 hypertension and suggest the potential for maintaining stable BP through intermittent administration of QDG. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ChiCTR2000033890.

Different clinical phenotypes of a pair of siblings with familial hypercholesterolemia: a case report and literature review.

BACKGROUND: Familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) leads to high plasma low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels and early cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. We treated a pair of siblings with FH. The cardiovascular manifestations in the proband were more severe than those in his elder sister, although they had almost similar LDL-C levels, ages, and lifestyles. Herein, we report the cases of this family to explore the possible causes of clinical phenotypic differences within the same genetic background. CASE PRESENTATION: We treated a 27-year-old male patient and his 30-year-old sister, both with FH. The coronary angiogram in the male patient revealed 80, 70, and 100% stenosis of the initial, distal right coronary artery branch, and left anterior descending branch, respectively, whereas his sister had almost no coronary stenosis. We treated them accordingly and performed family screening. We found that the LDL-C/particle discordance of the proband is much greater than that of his elder sister. In addition, the average size of LDL-C particle in the proband was smaller than that in his sister. CONCLUSIONS: Patients with FH have a much higher risk of premature atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease, but the clinical manifestations are heterogeneous. The smaller LDL particle size may be the underlying cause for different clinical outcomes in this pair of FH cases and be a potential novel indicator for predicting the prognosis of FH.

Generating Giant Vortex in a Fermi Superfluid via Spin-Orbital-Angular-Momentum Coupling.

Spin-orbital-angular-momentum (SOAM) coupling has been realized in recent experiments of Bose-Einstein condensates [Chen et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 121, 113204 (2018)PRLTAO0031-900710.1103/PhysRevLett.121.113204 and Zhang et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 122, 110402 (2019)PRLTAO0031-900710.1103/PhysRevLett.122.110402], where the orbital angular momentum imprinted upon bosons leads to quantized vortices. For fermions, such an exotic synthetic gauge field can provide fertile ground for fascinating pairing schemes and rich superfluid phases, which are yet to be explored. Here we demonstrate how SOAM coupling stabilizes vortices in Fermi superfluids through a unique mechanism that can be viewed as the angular analog to that of the spin-orbit-coupling-induced Fulde-Ferrell state under a Fermi surface deformation. Remarkably, the vortex size is comparable with the beam waist of Raman lasers generating the SOAM coupling, which is typically much larger than previously observed vortices in Fermi superfluids. With tunable size and core structure, these giant vortex states provide unprecedented experimental access to topological defects in Fermi superfluids.

[Treatment of cardiovascular disease with Xiongshao capsule].

Cardiovascular diseases have the characteristics of high morbidity and high mortality, and are recognized as the first cause of death by World Health Organization in World Health Statistics 2016. In recent years, traditional Chinese medicines have been widely applied in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases, while studies for integrated traditional Chinese and western medicines for treating cardiovascular diseases have made a great progress. Xiongshao capsule was developed by Academician Chen Keji according to classic formula Xuefu Zhuyu decoction and composed of effective parts of Rhizoma Ligusticum Wallichii and Radix Paeonia Rubra, with remarkable therapeutic effects on angina pectoris, restenosis after percutaneous coronary intervention(PCI), atherosclerosis, dyslipidemia and so on. In this review, basic and clinical studies for the effect of Xiongshao capsule in treating cardiovascular diseases were reviewed to provide reference for reasonable clinical use and example for new traditional Chinese medicine development and application under the guidance of theory of integrated traditional Chinese and western medicines.

[Development and Quality Evaluation of Evidence-based Clinical Practice Guidelines of Chinese Medicine].

More attentions have been paid to the development of evidence-based clinical practice guidelines (ECPGs) of Chinese medicine (CM). International guideline evaluation instruments such as Appraisal of Guidelines for Research and Evaluation (AGREE I) has been gradually applied in ECPGs quality evaluation of CM. Nowadays, there are some certain methodological defects in partial ECPGs of Chinese medicine, with relatively low applicability and slowly update. It is suggested to establish technical specifications of CM-ECPGs in accordance with the characteristics of CM and international general specification, strengthen the quality evaluation of CM-ECPGs, attach great importance to the regularly update as well as popularization and application of CM-ECPGs.

[Research on Precision Medicine, Gene Polymorphism, and Combination of Disease Identification and Syndrome Typing on Cardiovascular Diseases].

With the fusion and application of biological and information technologies in clinical practice, precision medicine has become a more precise positioning and sublimation of individualized medicine. Based on the concept of precision medicine, great developments have taken place in genetic diagnosis and targeted therapy of lung cancer, leukemia, breast cancer and other diseases, genetic diagnosis of cardiovascular diseases, and researches on gene polymorphisms and combination of disease identification and syndrome typing. However, there are still some problems. In the big data analysis era, how to organically combine precision medicine with essence research of syndromes, how to establish a new methodological system based on basic theories of Chinese medicine (CM) in accordance with clinical practice of CM and integrative medicine (IM) are both the difficulties and breakthrough points for Chinese medicine and pharmacy (CMP). They are of significance in promoting modernization of CMP.

[Correlation Research on Blood Glucose Fluctuation in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients and Vas- cular Endothelial Injury/Platelet Activation/PKCß1 Expression].

Objective To observe the correlation between blood glucose fluctuation in type 2 dia- betes mellitus ( T2DM) patients and vascular endothelial injury/platelet activation/protein kinase Cß1 (PKCpß1). Methods Capillary blood was collected from finger tips of 38 T2DM patients at 7 time points, i.e., before 3 meals, 2 h after 3 meals, 21:00 pm before sleep. The mean amplitude of plasma glucose excursions (MAGE) was calculated. The peripheral blood platelet aggregation rate (PAG) induced by a- denosine diphosphate (ADP) and platelet membrane protein level of CD62p were determined by platelet fluorescent aggregometer and flow cytometry respectively. HbAlc was measured by ion-exchange high- performance liquid chromatography. Serum levels of E-selectin, von Willebrand factor ( vWF), and PKCß1 were detected by ELISA. Meanwhile, liver and renal functions, blood lipids were also measured. Their blood pressure was measured and body mass index (BMI) calculated. By taking HbA1c as a moni- tored index for assessing long-term glucose control, MAGE as an indicator for assessing glucose fluctua- tion, the correlations between serum markers for vascular endothelial injury (levels of E-selectin and vWF)/platelet activation indices (PAG and CD62p expression) and PKCß1 level/MAGE respectively were analyzed using Pearson correlation analysis and multivariant Logistic regression. The correlations be- tween PKCß1 level and MAGE/HbA1 c were also analyzed. Results In simple correlation analysis, there were no significant correlations between age/BMI/course of disease/medical history/serum levels of E-se- lectin/vWF/PKCß1/PAG/CD62p expression and MAGE (P >0. 05). There were significant correlations be- tween vascular endothelial injury markers ( E-selectin and vWF)/platelet activation indicators ( PAG, CD62p expression) and MAGE (r =0. 468, 0. 609, 0. 451 , 0. 674; P <0. 01). There were significant corre- lations between PKCß1 and glucose assessment indicators (MAGE and HbA1c)/vascular endothelial inju- ry markers ( E-selectin and vWF) , platelet activation indicators ( PAG and CD62p expression) (r = 0. 643, 0. 705, 0. 394, 0. 665, 0. 441 , 0. 577; P <0. 01). Conclusion PKCß1 , the key regulatory gene of coronary artery disease with blood stasis syndrome, was closely related with the degree of vascular en- dothelial injury and aggregation level of platelet activation in T2DM patients with blood glucose fluctuation.

[Practical Diagnostic Criterion of Blood Stasis Syndrome: Introduction, Reliability, and Validity].

OBJECTIVE: To introduce practical diagnostic criterion of blood stasis syndrome (BSS), and to evaluate its reliability and validity. METHODS: By referring to three diagnostic criteria of BSS [practical diagnostic criterion of BSS (criterion A), diagnostic criterion of BSS in 1986 (criterion B), Consensus of Integrative Medicine on BSS Diagnosis in 2011 (criterion C)], 712 patients from different departments of Xiyuan Hospital were recruited. The reliability of criterion A and its consistency with the other two criteria were assessed using Kappa coefficient. A Bayesian approach was also employed to assess the sensitivity and specificity of criterion A. RESULTS: According to the consistency check, criterion A presented good consistency when used by different researchers (the diagnostic accordance rate was 91. 96%, Kappa =0. 82, P <0.001). Meanwhile, there was an acceptable diagnostic consistency among the three diagnostic criteria. Bayesian estimation suggested that criterion A had higher sensitivity but similar specificity, as compared with criterion B or criterion C. Compared with criterion B [the median of sensitivity and specificity were 0. 762 (95% Cl: 0. 731 -0. 790) and 0. 902 (95% Cl: 0. 858 -0. 936) respectively, the median of sensitivity and specificity of criterion A were 0. 911 (95% CI: 0. 888 - 0. 930) and 0. 875 (95% CI: 0. 826 - 0. 915) respectively. Estimating the difference between criterion A and B, the median of sensitivity and specificity were 0. 149 (95% CI: 0. 112 -0.184) and -0. 026 (95% CI:-0. 085 -0. 033) respectively. Compared with criterion C [the median of sensitivity and specificity were 0. 831 (95% Cl: 0. 804 -0. 857) and 0. 892 (95% CI: 0. 848 - 0. 926) respectively], the median of sensitivity and specificity of criterion A were 0. 912 (95% CI: 0. 889 -0. 932) and 0. 880 (95%CI: 0. 833 - 0.919) respectively. Estimating the difference between criterion A and C, the median of sensitivity and specificity were 0. 081 (95% CI: 0.047 - 0.114) and -0.011 (95%CI: -0.070 -0.046) respectively. CONCLUSION: Compared with criterion B and C, criterion A not only had better reliability, but also could significantly improve the sensitivity without obviously lowering the specificity.

GSTT1 null genotype contributes to hepatocellular carcinoma risk: a meta-analysis.

Studies investigating the association between genetic polymorphism of glutathione S-transferase T1 (GSTT1) and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) risk have reported conflicting results. Therefore, we conducted this meta-analysis to provide more precise evidence. Databases including PubMed, Embase, SCOPUS, ISI Web of Science, and Wangfang were searched for relevant studies. Potential sources of heterogeneity were also assessed by subgroup analysis. Funnel plots and Egger's linear regression were used to test publication bias among the articles. Finally, a total of 28 studies involving 3,897 HCC patients and 6,117 controls were included in this meta-analysis. In a combined analysis, the summary odds ratio for HCC of the GSTT1 null genotype was 1.43 (95% confidence interval (CI) 1.22­1.68, P < 10(−5)). In the subgroup analysis by ethnicity, significantly increased risks were found in East Asians for GSTT1 null polymorphism, while no significant associations were found among Caucasian, South Asian, and African populations. When stratified by a source of controls, both population- and hospital-based studies get consistent positive results. By pooling data from 10 studies (1,639 cases and 2,224 controls) that considered combinations of GSTT1 and GSTM1 genotypes, a statistically significant increased risk for HCC (odd ratio = 1.85, 95% CI 1.37­2.49) was detected for individuals with combined deletion mutations in both genes compared with positive genotypes. No evidence of publication bias was observed. Our result suggests that the GSTT1 null genotype contributes to an increased risk of HCC in East Asians and that interaction between unfavorable GSTs genotypes may exist.

[Integrative medicine on coronary heart disease: annual academic review 2013].

The progress in integrative medicine (IM) of coronary heart disease (CHD) in 2013 was summarized in this paper. Gratifying progress has taken place both in clinical studies and basic research of IM on CHD during 2013. We got some innovation in Chinese medical etiologies and pathogeneses of CHD. We also got some improvement in researches on Chinese medical syndromes in various fields. Many clinical studies have proved Chinese medicine and pharmacy is playing a role in preventing and improving CHD patients. In-depth basic researches on preventing and treating CHD by IM are gradually undergoing. Acting targets and mechanism are further clarified. Besides, we also pointed out the developing tendency of CHD researches and the current deficiency in CHD researches, hoping to provide reference for further studies in this field.

[The application of blood stasis theory in clinical treatment of skin disease].

Blood stasis theory (BST) is widely used in the department of Chinese medical dermatology. Skin lesion we often see and modern medical examination results can be used as evidence for diagnosing BST and indications for using it. Better efficacy could also be obtained by using BST in treating wind evil or heat evil induced skin disease, and itching, hemorrhagic and stubborn dermatoses as well.

[Combination rules of Chinese herbal prescriptions for treating unstable angina based on complex network].

OBJECTIVE: To explore combination rules of Chinese herbal prescriptions from effective cases for treatment of unstable angina (UA). METHODS: Prescription data from 156 UA patients effectively treated at Cardiovascular Diseases Centre of Xiyuan Hospital were analyzed using complex network method. RESULTS: According to multi-scale analysis of backbone network and pointwise mutual information analysis, core prescriptions from the 156 UA patients were presented as follows: Rhizoma Ligustici wallichii, Radix Paeoniae rubra, Radix Codonopsis, Rhizoma Pinelliae, poria, and Angelica sinensis. Meanwhile, core couplet medicines for these patients covered Rhizoma Ligustici wallichii and Radix paeoniaerubra, Angelica sinensis and Rhizoma Ligustici wallichii, Radix Codonopsis and Rhizoma Ligustici wallichii, Rhizoma Ligustici wallichii and Rhizoma Pinelliae, Rhizoma Atractylodis Macrocephalae and poriacocos, Bulbus Alli Macrostemi and Rhizoma Pinelliae. Among different primary symptoms, there was slightly difference in core prescriptions. CONCLUSION: The core prescriptions for the treatment of UA include blood-activating drug, phlem-resolving drugs. As an exploration of combination rules of Chinese herbal prescriptions in treating UA based on complex network, it can be used as a reference for further researches.

[Effect of Kuanxiong aerosol on coronary heart disease angina patients: a multicenter randomized controlled clinical study].

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the anginal attack-relieving efficacy and safety of Kuanxiong Aerosol (KA) in patients with coronary heart disease (CHD). METHODS: A total of 780 patients confirmatively diagnosed as CHD angina from November 2011 to December 2012 in 13 medical centers in the mainland area were assigned to 2 groups by blocked randomization, the treatment group (376 cases) and the control group (374 cases). When the angina attacked, patients in the treatment group received sublingual spray three times, 0.6 mL each time, while those in the control group sublingually dissolved Nitroglycerin Tablet (NT), 0.5 mg each tablet. The effective rate of angina relief, efficacy of electrocardiogram (ECG), and the incidence of adverse reactions were observed. RESULTS: The 3 min and 5 min remission rates of angina attack were 53.72% (202/376) and 94.41% (355/376) in the treatment group, and 47.86% (179/374) and 90.64% (339/374) in the control group. The 95% confidence interval (CI) of the difference between the 2 groups of 3 min and 5 min remission rates of angina attacks were [(-1.84%, 12.32%) and (-1.33%, 6.85%) respectively, P > 0.05]. The total improvement rates of ST-T changes in the treatment group and the control group after treatment were 74.07% and 73.13% respectively (P > 0.05). The adverse reaction rate was 9.31 (35/376 cases) in the treatment group and 22.46% (84/374 cases) in the control group (P < 0.01). CONCLUSION: KA was not inferior to NT in relieving anginal attacks and improving ischemic ECG changes, and had obviously less adverse reaction.

[Ginkgo preparations of Chinese medicine and treatment of diabetes: mechanisms and clinical applications].

Ginkgo is one of the most successful cases of botanical drugs developed by modern science and technology during the past fifty years all over the world. At present ginkgo has been applied to the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular disease widely, and has good clinical efficacy. Type 2 diabetes has been proved to be the risk equivalents of cardiovascular disease, therefore it has an important scientific significance for looking for more effective drugs of prevention and control of diabetes. To seek more efficient and safe drug from the plant medicine which has the function of regulate blood sugar and improve insulin resistance becomes a hotspot at home and abroad. Basic and clinical studies have shown the ginkgo preparations of Chinese medicine have certain regulation effect on blood sugar and insulin resistance. In this paper, we review the mechanisms and clinical applications of ginkgo preparations on diabetes and its applications during the past 10 years.

Advance on Chinese Medicine for Hypertensive Renal Damage: Focus on the Complex Molecular Mechanisms.

Hypertensive renal damage (HRD) is a major cause of end-stage renal disease. Among the causes of end-stage renal disease, HRD accounts for nearly 34% of the total number of cases. Antihypertensive treatment is primarily drug-based, but therapeutic efficacy is less effective and can have serious side effects. Chinese medicine (CM) has significant advantages in the treatment of HRD. CM is rich in various active ingredients and has the property of targeting multiple targets and channels. Therefore, the regulatory network of CM on disease is complex. A large number of CM have been employed to treat HRD, either as single applications or as part of compound formulations. The key possible mechanisms of CM for HRD include regulation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, antioxidation, anti-inflammation, rescue of endothelial function, regulation of vasoactive substance secretion and obesity-related factors, etc. This review summarized and discussed the recent advance in the basic research mechanisms of CM interventions for HRD and pointed out the challenges and future prospects.

[Progress in researches on ancient history of atherosclerosis].

Atherosclerosis has been thought to be a disease of modern society, and its occurrence was closely related to contemporary diet and lifestyle. However, a series of investigations on ancient mummies by autopsy and CT scan concluded that atherosclerosis was commonly seen in ancient times. The presence of atherosclerosis in ancient human beings suggested that aging and genetic predisposition might be essential risk factors for atherosclerosis.

[Fluctuant hypertension and platelet activation: current situations and control strategies with integrative medicine].

In recent years a huge amount of clinical studies have proved that fluctuant hypertension could aggravate the damage of target organs and increase the incidence of acute cardio-/cerebrovascular events, when compared with stable hypertension [increased mean artery blood pressure (MBP)]. How to prevent and treat fluctuant hypertension and its damage of target organs has become one of the hot and difficult problems in the field of hypertension studies all over the world. Hypertensive patients often suffer from thromboembolic target organ damage. Platelet activation plays a key role in this progress, but its concrete mechanisms have not been clearly clarified. Based on the in-depth discussions on progress of fluctuant hypertension, its relationship with platelet activation and blood stasis syndrome of Chinese medicine (CM) in recent three years, we proposed, under the fluctuant hypertensive state, the prethrombotic state has occurred in the organisms, i.e., a pathological state featured by platelet activation, liable to have vulnerable thrombopoiesis, and accompanied by endothelial dysfunction. Blood stasis syndrome might occupy an important position in CM syndrome typing of fluctuant hypertension. Herbs for activating blood circulation and removing stasis might have an extensive application prospect.

[Optimized treatment program for unstable angina by integrative medicine based on partially observable Markov decision process].

OBJECTIVE: To initially optimize comprehensive treatment program for treating and preventing unstable angina (UA) by integrative medicine (IM). METHODS: Based on partially observable Markov decision process model (POMDP), we chose 3 syndrome elements, i.e., qi deficiency, blood stasis, and phlegm turbidity from UA inpatients. The efficacy of treating UA by IM was objectively assessed by in-depth data mining and analyses. RESULTS: The treatment programs for UA patients of qi deficiency syndrome, blood stasis syndrome, and phlegm turbidity syndrome were recommended as follows: nitrates +statins +clopidogrel +angiotensin II receptor blockers +heparins +Astragalus membranaceus +Condonopsis + poria and large-head atractylodes rhizome (ADR = 0.85077869); nitrates + aspirin + clopidogrel + statins + heparins + Astragalus membranaceus + safflower + peach seed + red peony root (ADR = 0.70773000); nitrates + aspirin + statins + angiotensin-converting inhibitors + snakegourd fruit + onion bulb + ternate pinellia + tangerine peel (ADR = 0.72509600). CONCLUSION: As a POMDP based optimized treatment programs for UA, it can be used as a reference for further standardization and formulation of UA program by integrative medicine.

[Diagnostic standard evaluation of Chinese medicine syndrome for coronary heart disease patients after percutaneous coronary intervention].

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the validity, reliability, and clinical applicability of Chinese medicine syndrome diagnostic standards for coronary heart disease (CHD) patients after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), which was established by expert consultation. METHODS: A total of 1 050 CHD patients after PCI were recruited from 23 hospitals. The sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, positive likelihood ratio, and area under ROC curve were used to evaluate the validity of diagnostic standards for Chinese medical syndrome types. The observable agreement rate and Kappa value were used to evaluate the reliability. Positive predictive value and negative predictive value were used to evaluate the clinical applicability. RESULTS: The sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, positive likelihood ratio, area under ROC curve, observable agreement rate, Kappa value, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value of each Chinese medicine syndrome in CHD patients after PCI were as follows: 95.26%, 93.70%, 94.86%, 15.13, 0.924, 98.76%, 0.969, 97.76%, and 87.24% for blood stasis syndrome; 96.42%, 95.34%, 96.00%, 20.70, 0.957, 99.52%, 0.990, 97.02%, and 94.42% for qi deficiency syndrome; 88.19%, 96.46%, 94.19%, 24.89, 0.923, 96.67%, 0.915, 90.39%, and 95.58% for phlegm turbidity syndrome; 91.06%, 98.77%, 97.05%, 74.22, 0.950, 98.67%, 0.960, 95.54%, and 97.46% for cardiac blood stasis syndrome; 98.41%, 96.73%, 97.33%, 30.10, 0.976, 98.86%, 0.976, 94.40%, and 99.09% for qi deficiency blood stasis syndrome; 94.81%, 94.75%, 94.76%, 18.07, 0.948, 97.71%, 0.918, 72.73%, and 99.20% for phlegm-stasis stagnation syndrome. CONCLUSION: The validity, reliability, and clinical applicability of Chinese medicine syndrome diagnostic standards for CHD patients after PCI were rational and considerable in clinical practice.

[Roles of bFGF in endothelial cell tube formation induced by xuefu zhuyu decoction under non-anoxia condition].

OBJECTIVE: To explore the roles of basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) on tube formation induced by xuefu zhuyu decoction (XZD) under non-anoxia condition. METHODS: Using serum pharmacology technique, endothelial cell line ECV304 cells were incubated in routine 95% O2. ECV304 cells were intervened by 1.25%, 2.50%, and 5.00% XZD containing serums and the vehicle serum for 48 h. The effects of XZD on tube formation, bFGF contents and its transcription levels were assessed by in vitro tube formation assay, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), respectively. RESULTS: Three concentrations of XZD containing serums could not only obviously promote the tube formation bFGF level, but also up-regulate bFGF contents in the supernate and its transcription levels. The shapes of lumens were more regular in those induced by 1.25% and 2.50% XZD containing serums. CONCLUSION: XZD induced angiogenesis via up-regulating the bFGF expression under non-anoxia condition.