A fuller picture of COVID-19 prognosis: the added value of vulnerability measures to predict mortality in hospitalised older adults.

BACKGROUND: Although coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) disproportionally affects older adults, the use of conventional triage tools in acute care settings ignores the key aspects of vulnerability. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to determine the usefulness of adding a rapid vulnerability screening to an illness acuity tool to predict mortality in hospitalised COVID-19 patients. DESIGN: Cohort study. SETTING: Large university hospital dedicated to providing COVID-19 care. PARTICIPANTS: Participants included are 1,428 consecutive inpatients aged ≥50 years. METHODS: Vulnerability was assessed using the modified version of PRO-AGE score (0-7; higher = worse), a validated and easy-to-administer tool that rates physical impairment, recent hospitalisation, acute mental change, weight loss and fatigue. The baseline covariates included age, sex, Charlson comorbidity score and the National Early Warning Score (NEWS), a well-known illness acuity tool. Our outcome was time-to-death within 60 days of admission. RESULTS: The patients had a median age of 66 years, and 58% were male. The incidence of 60-day mortality ranged from 22% to 69% across the quartiles of modified PRO-AGE. In adjusted analysis, compared with modified PRO-AGE scores 0-1 ('lowest quartile'), the hazard ratios (95% confidence interval) for 60-day mortality for modified PRO-AGE scores 2-3, 4 and 5-7 were 1.4 (1.1-1.9), 2.0 (1.5-2.7) and 2.8 (2.1-3.8), respectively. The modified PRO-AGE predicted different mortality risk levels within each stratum of NEWS and improved the discrimination of mortality prediction models. CONCLUSIONS: Adding vulnerability to illness acuity improved accuracy of predicting mortality in hospitalised COVID-19 patients. Combining tools such as PRO-AGE and NEWS may help stratify the risk of mortality from COVID-19.

Cardiovascular risk in cognitively preserved elderlies is associated with glucose hypometabolism in the posterior cingulate cortex and precuneus regardless of brain atrophy and apolipoprotein gene variations.

Cardiovascular risk factors (CVRF) possibly contribute to the emergence of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Fluorodeoxyglucose-positron emission tomography (FDG-PET) has been widely used to demonstrate specific patterns of reduced cerebral metabolic rates of glucose (CMRgl) in subjects with AD and in non-demented carriers of the apolipoprotein ε4 (APOE ε4) allele, the major genetic risk factor for AD. However, functional neuroimaging studies investigating the impact of CVRF on cerebral metabolism have been scarce to date. The present FDG-PET study investigated 59 cognitively preserved elderlies divided into three groups according to their cardiovascular risk based on the Framingham 10-year risk Coronary Heart Disease Risk Profile (low-, medium-, and high-risk) to examine whether different levels of CVRF would be associated with reduced CMRgl, involving the same brain regions affected in early stages of AD. Functional imaging data were corrected for partial volume effects to avoid confounding effects due to regional brain atrophy, and all analyses included the presence of the APOE ε4 allele as a confounding covariate. Significant cerebral metabolism reductions were detected in the high-risk group when compared to the low-risk group in the left precuneus and posterior cingulate gyrus. This suggests that findings of brain hypometabolism similar to those seen in subjects with AD can be detected in association with the severity of cardiovascular risk in cognitively preserved individuals. Thus, a greater knowledge about how such factors influence brain functioning in healthy subjects over time may provide important insigths for the future development of strategies aimed at delaying or preventing the vascular-related triggering of pathologic brain changes in the AD.

Impact of a program to promote health and quality of life of elderly.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effect on quality of life of elderly people enrolled in GAMIA - Multidisciplinary Care Group to Outpatient Elderly Subjects (Grupo de Assistência Multidisciplinar ao Idoso Ambulatorial) of the Geriatric Department, Hospital das Clinicas, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo. METHODS: Between 2000 and 2002, 83 elderly participants of GAMIA were assessed by the World Health Organization Quality of Life scale (WHOQOL-bref) at the beginning and the end of the program. Functionality was assessed by Katz and Lawton scales and sociodemographic data were obtained from medical charts. RESULTS: Females predominated (79.5%) and overall mean age was 69.30 years. Data analysis showed a reduction in the physical domain of WHOQOL-bref (p = 0.014) and increased psychological health and environment domains (p = 0.029 and p = 0.007, respectively), detecting a trend of increase in social relationships and in general domains (p = 0.062 and p = 0.052, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: The clinical evaluation of the elderly detected previously unknown diseases and determination of the use of new drugs, which might have been the predominant factor for the deterioration of their perception in the physical domain. Improvement in psychological health and the environment can be related to psychological and social support that the elderly received from peers and professionals and the benefits of group activities, as well as the upward trend observed in social relationships and general domains. Participation in a program to promote healthy aging was effective in improving the quality of life of the elderly.

Impact of a program to promote health and quality of life of elderly / Impacto de um programa de promoção da saúde na qualidade de vida do idoso

Objective: To evaluate the effect on quality of life of elderly people enrolled in the Grupo de Assistência Multidisciplinar ao Idoso Ambulatorial (GAMIA) of the Geriatric Service of the Hospital das Clínicas of the Faculdade de Medicina of Universidade de São Paulo. Methods: In 83 elderly participants of group between 2000 and 2002 the quality of life was assessed by the World Health Organization Quality of Life (WHOQOL-bref) at the beginning and the end of the program. Functionality was assessed by the Katz and Lawton scales and socio-demographic data were obtained from medical charts. Results: Females predominated (79.5%) and overall mean age was 69.30 years. Data analysis showed a reduction in the physical domain of WHOQOL-bref (p = 0.014) and increased psychological health and environment domains (p = 0.029 and p = 0.007 respectively), detecting a trend of increase in social relationships and in general domains (p = 0.062 and p = 0.052 respectively). Conclusions: The clinical evaluation of elderly may have the predominant factor for the deterioration of their perception in the physical domain because of the detection of previously unknown diseases and determination of the use of new drugs. Improvement in psychological health and the environment can be related to psychological and social support that the elderly received from peers and professionals and the benefits of group activities, as well as the upward trend observed in the social relationships and general domains. Participation in a program to promote healthy aging was effective in improving the quality of life of the elderly.

Objetivo: Avaliar os efeitos na qualidade de vida de idosos matriculados no Grupo de Assistência Multidisciplinar ao Idoso Ambulatorial (GAMIA) do Serviço de Geriatria do Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo. Métodos: Nos 83 idosos participantes do grupo entre 2000 e 2002, a qualidade de vida foi avaliada pelo World Health Organization Quality of Life (WHOQOL-bref) no início e no fim do programa. A funcionalidade foi avaliada pelas Escalas de Katz e Lawton e os dados sociodemográficos foram obtidos nos prontuários. Resultados: Houve predomínio do sexo feminino (79,5%) e a média geral de idade foi de 69,30 anos. A análise dos dados mostraram uma redução no domínio físico do WHOQOL-bref (p = 0,014) e a elevação dos domínios psicológico e meio ambiente (p = 0,029 e p = 0,007, respectivamente), detectando-se tendência de elevação nos domínios relações sociais e geral (p = 0,062 e p = 0,052, respectivamente). Conclusões: Como a avaliação clínica desses idosos revelou doenças desconhecidas previamente e determinou a utilização de novos medicamentos, a percepção que os idosos tinham, em relação à sua saúde, pode ter sido o fator preponderante para a piora no domínio físico. A melhora dos domínios psicológico e meio ambiente pode estar relacionada ao suporte psicológico e social que o idoso recebeu dos colegas e profissionais e dos benefícios das atividades em grupo, bem como às tendência de elevação observada nos domínios relações sociais e geral. A participação em um programa de promoção do envelhecimento saudável mostrou-se eficaz na melhora da qualidade de vida do idoso.