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BACKGROUND: The aim was to ascertain the impact of irrigation technique on human intrarenal pressure during retrograde intrarenal surgery. METHODS: A parallel randomized trial recruited patients across three hospital sites. Patients undergoing retrograde intrarenal surgery for renal stone treatment with an 11/13-Fr ureteral access sheath were allocated randomly to 100 mmHg pressurized-bag (PB) or manual hand-pump (HP) irrigation. The primary outcome was mean procedural intrarenal pressure. Secondary outcomes included maximum intrarenal pressure, variance, visualization, HP force of usage, procedure duration, stone clearance, and clinical outcomes. Live intrarenal pressure monitoring was performed using a COMETTMII pressure guidewire, deployed cystoscopically to the renal pelvis. The operating team was blinded to the intrarenal pressure. RESULTS: Thirty-eight patients were randomized between July and November 2023 (trial closure). The final analysis included 34 patients (PB 16; HP 18). Compared with PB irrigation, HP irrigation resulted in significantly higher mean intrarenal pressure (mean(s.d.) 62.29(27.45) versus 38.16(16.84) mmHg; 95% c.i. for difference in means (MD) 7.97 to 40.29 mmHg; P = 0.005) and maximum intrarenal pressure (192.71(106.23) versus 68.04(24.16) mmHg; 95% c.i. for MD 70.76 to 178.59 mmHg; P < 0.001), along with greater variance in intrarenal pressure (log transformed) (6.23(1.59) versus 4.60(1.30); 95% c.i. for MD 0.62 to 2.66; P = 0.001). Surgeon satisfaction with procedural vision reported on a scale of 10 was higher with PB compared with HP irrigation (mean(s.d.) 8.75(0.58) versus 6.28(1.27); 95% c.i. for MD 1.79 to 3.16; P < 0.001). Subjective HP usage force did not correlate significantly with transmitted intrarenal pressure (Pearson R = -0.15, P = 0.57). One patient (HP arm) developed urosepsis. CONCLUSION: Manual HP irrigation resulted in higher and more fluctuant intrarenal pressure trace (with inferior visual clarity) than 100-mmHg PB irrigation. REGISTRATION NUMBER: osf.io/jmg2h (https://osf.io/).
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Cálculos Renais , Pressão , Irrigação Terapêutica , Humanos , Irrigação Terapêutica/métodos , Feminino , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Cálculos Renais/cirurgia , Adulto , Idoso , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To compare clinical outcomes of single-use endoscopes with those of reusable endoscopes to better define their role within urology. METHODS: A systematic search of electronic databases was performed. All studies comparing the clinical outcomes of participants undergoing urological procedures with single-use endoscopes to those of participants treated with reusable endoscopes were included. Results are reported in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) 2020 statement. RESULTS: Twenty-one studies in 3943 participants were identified. Six different single-use flexible ureteroscopes and two different single-use flexible cystoscopes were assessed. There were no differences in mean postoperative infection rates (4.0% vs 4.4%; P = 0.87) or overall complication rates (11.5% vs 11.9%; P = 0.88) between single-use and reusable endoscopes. For patients undergoing flexible ureteroscopy there were no differences in operating time (mean difference -0.05 min; P = 0.96), length of hospital stay (LOS; mean difference 0.06 days; P = 0.18) or stone-free rate (SFR; 74% vs 74.3%; P = 0.54) between the single-use and reusable flexible ureteroscope groups. CONCLUSION: This study is the largest to compare the clinical outcomes of single-use endoscopes to those of reusable endoscopes within urology, and demonstrated no difference in LOS, complication rate or SFR, with a shorter operating time associated with single-use flexible cystoscope use. It also highlights that the cost efficiency and environmental impact of single-use endoscopes is largely dependent on the caseload and reprocessing facilities available within a given institution. Urologists can therefore feel confident that whether they choose to 'use' or to 'reuse' based on the financial and environmental implications, they can do so without negatively impacting patient outcomes.
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Ureteroscopia , Urologia , Humanos , Ureteroscopia/métodos , Reutilização de Equipamento , Desenho de Equipamento , UreteroscópiosRESUMO
OBJECTIVES: To assess human in vivo intrarenal pressure (IRP) and peristaltic activity at baseline and after ureteric stent placement, using a narrow calibre pressure guidewire placed retrogradely in the renal pelvis. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A prospective, multi-institutional study recruiting consenting patients undergoing ureteroscopy was designed with ethical approval. Prior to ureteroscopy, the urinary bladder was emptied and the COMET™ II pressure guidewire (Boston Scientific) was advanced retrogradely via the ureteric orifice to the renal pelvis. Baseline IRPs were recorded for 1-2 min. At procedure completion, following ureteric stent insertion, IRPs were recorded for another 1-2 min. Statistical analysis of mean baseline IRP, peristaltic waveforms and frequency of peristaltic contractions was performed, thereby analysing the influence of patient variables and ureteric stenting. RESULTS: A total of 100 patients were included. Baseline mean (±SD) IRP was 16.76 (6.4) mmHg in the renal pelvis, with maximum peristaltic IRP peaks reaching a mean (SD) of 25.75 (17.9) mmHg. Peristaltic activity generally occurred in a rhythmic, coordinated fashion, with a mean (SD) interval of 5.63 (3.08) s between peaks. On univariate analysis, higher baseline IRP was observed with male sex, preoperative hydronephrosis, and preoperative ureteric stenting. On linear regression, male sex was no longer statistically significant, whilst the latter two variables remained significant (P = 0.004; P < 0.001). The mean (SD) baseline IRP in the non-hydronephrotic, unstented cohort was 14.19 (4.39) mmHg. Age, α-blockers and calcium channel blockers did not significantly influence IRP, and no measured variables influenced peristaltic activity. Immediately after ureteric stent insertion, IRP decreased (mean [SD] 15.18 [5.28] vs 16.76 [6.4] mmHg, P = 0.004), whilst peristaltic activity was maintained. CONCLUSIONS: Human in vivo mean (SD) baseline IRP is 14.19 (4.39) mmHg in normal kidneys and increases with both hydronephrosis and preoperative ureteric stenting. Mean (SD) peristaltic peak IRP values of 25.75 (17.9) mmHg are reached in the renal pelvis every 3-7 s and maintained in the early post-stent period.
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OBJECTIVE: To develop a follow-up algorithm for urinary stone patients after definitive treatment. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The panel performed a systematic review on follow-up of urinary stone patients after treatment (PROSPERO: CRD42020205739). Given the lack of comparative studies we critically evaluated the literature and reached a consensus on the follow-up scheme. RESULTS: A total of 76 studies were included in the analysis, including 17 RCTs. In the stone-free general population group, 71-100% of patients are stone-free at 12 months while 29-94% remain stone-free at 36 months. We propose counselling these patients on imaging versus discharge after the first year. The stone-free rate in high-risk patients not receiving targeted medical therapy is < 40% at 36 months, a fact that supports imaging, metabolic, and treatment monitoring follow-up once a year. Patients with residual fragments ≤ 4 mm have a spontaneous expulsion rate of 18-47% and a growth rate of 10-41% at 12 months, supporting annual imaging follow-up. Patients with residual fragments > 4 mm should be considered for surgical re-intervention based on the low spontaneous expulsion rate (13% at 1 year) and high risk of recurrence. Plain film KUB and/or kidney ultrasonography based on clinicians' preference and stone characteristics is the preferred imaging follow-up. Computed tomography should be considered if patient is symptomatic or intervention is planned. CONCLUSIONS: Based on evidence from the systematic review we propose, for the first time, a follow-up algorithm for patients after surgical stone treatment balancing the risks of stone recurrence against the burden of radiation from imaging studies.
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Algoritmos , Urolitíase , Humanos , Urolitíase/terapia , Seguimentos , Assistência ao Convalescente/métodosRESUMO
PURPOSE: A living donor kidney transplant is the optimal treatment for chronic renal impairment. Our objective is to assess if lean skeletal muscle mass and donor factors such as body mass index, hypertension, and age impact on renal function following donor nephrectomy. METHODS: Potential donors undergo CT angiography as part of their work-up in our institution. Using dedicated software (Horos®), standardized skeletal muscle area measured at the L3 vertebrae was calculated. When corrected for height, skeletal muscle index can be derived. Skeletal muscle mass index below predefined levels was classified as sarcopenic. The correlation of CT-derived skeletal muscle index and postoperative renal function at 12 months was assessed. Co-variables including donor gender, age, body mass index (BMI), and presence of pre-op hypertension were also assessed for their impact on postoperative renal function. RESULTS: 275 patients who underwent living donor nephrectomy over 10 years were included. Baseline pre-donation glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and renal function at one year post-op were similar between genders. 29% (n = 82) of patients met the criteria for CT-derived sarcopenia. Sarcopenic patients were more likely to have a higher GFR at one year post-op (69.3 vs 63.9 mL/min/1.73 m2, p < 0.001). The main factors impacting better renal function at one year were the presence of sarcopenia and younger age at donation. CONCLUSION: When selecting donors, this study highlights that patients with low skeletal mass are unlikely to underperform in terms of recovery of their renal function postoperatively at one year when compared to patients with normal muscle mass and should not be a barrier to kidney donation.
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Hipertensão , Transplante de Rim , Sarcopenia , Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Nefrectomia , Sarcopenia/diagnóstico por imagem , Doadores Vivos , Estudos Retrospectivos , Rim/fisiologia , Taxa de Filtração Glomerular/fisiologiaRESUMO
PURPOSE: Prostate biopsy is central to the accurate histological diagnosis of prostate cancer. In current practice, the biopsy procedure can be performed using a transrectal or transperineal route with different technologies available for targeting of lesions within the prostate. Historically, the biopsy procedure was performed solely by urologists, but with the advent of image-guided techniques, the involvement of radiologists in prostate biopsy has become more common. Herein, we discuss the pros, cons and future considerations regarding their ongoing role. METHODS: A narrative review regarding the current evidence was completed. PubMed and Cochrane central register of controlled trials were search until January 2024. All study types were of consideration if published after 2000 and an English language translation was available. RESULTS: There are no published studies that directly compare outcomes of prostate biopsy when performed by a urologist or radiologist. In all published studies regarding the learning curve for prostate biopsy, the procedure was performed by urologists. These studies suggest that the learning curve for prostate biopsy is between 10 and 50 cases to reach proficiency in terms of prostate cancer detection and complications. It is recognised that many urologists are poorly able to accurately interpret multi parametric (mp)-MRI of the prostate. Collaboration between the specialities is of importance with urology offering the advantage of being involved in prior and future care of the patient while radiology has the advantage of being able to expertly interpret preprocedure MRI. CONCLUSION: There is no evidence to suggest that prostate biopsy should be solely performed by a specific specialty. The most important factor remains knowledge of the relevant anatomy and sufficient volume of cases to develop and maintain skills.
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Previsões , Biópsia Guiada por Imagem , Próstata , Neoplasias da Próstata , Urologia , Masculino , Humanos , Biópsia Guiada por Imagem/métodos , Neoplasias da Próstata/patologia , Neoplasias da Próstata/diagnóstico por imagem , Próstata/patologia , Próstata/diagnóstico por imagemRESUMO
Herein, we describe our surgical technique and outcome of a kidney transplant in a patient with failing vascular access. A right donor kidney was transplanted into the right iliac fossa with an end-to-side arterial anastomosis to the ipsilateral right common iliac artery and end-to-side venous anastomosis to the contralateral left common iliac vein. The possibility of performing an ipsilateral arterial and contralateral venous anastomosis has been shown here to be successful. No post-operative surgical complications were encountered.
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Transplante de Rim , Humanos , Transplante de Rim/métodos , Rim/cirurgia , Veia Cava Inferior/cirurgia , Artéria Ilíaca/cirurgia , Anastomose Cirúrgica/métodosRESUMO
INTRODUCTION: There is a lack of data regarding the peri-operative and long-term outcomes of kidney transplantation in cystic fibrosis (CF) patients. Herein, we report the peri-operative and long-term outcomes of kidney transplantation in CF patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS: All CF patients who received a kidney transplant at the national kidney transplant center between 1993 and 2022 were identified. Recipients of the contralateral donor kidney were selected as a control group. Primary outcomes included 1-, 5-, and 10- year death-censored graft survival and overall survival. Secondary outcomes included peri-operative morbidity, acute graft rejection, delayed graft function (DGF), and length of stay (LOS). RESULTS: Fourteen patients received a kidney transplant over the study period. Median age at transplantation was 35 (IQR 31, 40) years. The 1-, 5-, and 10-year death-censored graft survival was 92, 74, and 74% in the CF group compared to 100, 92, and 92% in the control group (p = .44). The 1-, 5-, and 10-year overall survival in the CF group was 85, 66, and 57% compared to 100, 92, and 82% in the control group (p = .036). There was no significant difference in peri-operative outcomes including LOS (10 vs. 11 days, p = .84), ICU admission (1 vs. 0 patients, p > .99), acute rejection episodes (2 vs. 1 patients, p > .99), and DGF (1 vs. 2 patients, p = .60). CONCLUSION: CF patients have good long-term graft survival, however, overall survival was worse compared to a matched cohort. These data provide important information for transplant surgeons when considering suitable donor allografts in this unique patient population.
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Fibrose Cística , Transplante de Rim , Humanos , Transplante de Rim/efeitos adversos , Fibrose Cística/cirurgia , Rejeição de Enxerto , Sobrevivência de Enxerto , Doadores de Tecidos , Função Retardada do Enxerto/etiologia , Fatores de Risco , Estudos RetrospectivosRESUMO
PURPOSE: We sought to determine which treatment between flexible ureteroscopy and shock wave lithotripsy has a better stone-free rate in pediatric patients (<18 years) with renal or proximal ureteric stones (<2 cm). Subanalysis for all outcomes for randomized controlled trials only. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Using PubMed, Web of Science, and the Cochrane database, we identified studies (randomized clinical trials and prospective comparative nonrandomized studies) published until August 2022 reporting surgical outcomes of pediatrics patients undergoing flexible ureteroscopy and shock wave lithotripsy with renal or proximal ureteric stones <2 cm (PROSPERO ID: CRD42022378790). Only randomized controlled trials were considered for meta-analysis. Stone-free rate, operative time, and complications were analyzed. Analysis was performed in R. RESULTS: A total of 6 studies identified, of which 3 were randomized clinical trials and 4 had data on renal stones. A total of 669 patients were analyzed. Mean age ranged from 4.4 to 12.4 years. The shock wave lithotripsy group presented a range of stone-free rate between 21 and 90% while the flexible ureteroscopy group presented a range of stone-free rates between 37% and 97%. Meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials only (n=302) demonstrated significantly higher stone-free rate in flexible ureteroscopy vs shock wave lithotripsy (RR = 1.17, 95% CI: 1.04-1.33, P = 0.01), operative time (mean difference = +16.4 minutes, 95% CI: 7.3-25.5, P < 0.01) and hospital stay (mean difference = +0.25 days, 95% CI: 0.14-0.36, P < 0.001). But no difference in fluoroscopy exposure time (mean difference = -21.0 seconds, 95% CI: -42.6 to 0.56, P = 0.07), Clavien I-II (RR = 1.23, 95% CI: 0.71-2.12, P = 0.45) or Clavien III-V complications (RR = 1.04, 95% CI: 0.32-3.42, P = 0.95). CONCLUSIONS: Flexible ureteroscopy has a significantly higher stone-free rate than shock wave lithotripsy, with no difference in complication rate or fluoroscopy exposure time, and significantly higher operative times and hospital stay. However, the current evidence base for this is weak and further randomized trials are needed.
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Cálculos Renais , Litotripsia , Cálculos Ureterais , Cálculos Urinários , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Humanos , Cálculos Renais/terapia , Cálculos Renais/etiologia , Estudos Prospectivos , Resultado do Tratamento , Cálculos Ureterais/terapia , Ureteroscopia , Cálculos Urinários/etiologia , Urologia , Guias de Prática Clínica como AssuntoRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To provide an update on the association between preoperative membranous urethral length (MUL) and postoperative urinary incontinence (UI) in men who undergo robot-assisted radical prostatectomy (RARP)/robot-assisted laparoscopic prostatectomy (RALP). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Urinary incontinence is common after RARP/RALP, and early recovery of continence is one of the most important functional outcomes following surgery. MUL has been identified as a factor associated with continence recovery after RARP/RALP. A systematic review was carried out according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines, using PubMed, Embase, and Scopus databases. Inclusion criteria were English language full journal articles authored within the last 5 years that assessed continence using the Expanded Prostate Cancer Index Composite. The Critical Appraisal Skills Programme tool for retrospective cohort studies was used to evaluate study quality. A random-effects meta-analysis was performed to pool odds ratios (ORs) from available studies relating to continence as a function of MUL. The Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluations framework was used to synthesise evidence. RESULTS: Six studies including 970 patients reported an association between MUL and continence at 12 months. Longer MUL was associated with reduced UI odds at 12 months after surgery (pooled OR 0.74, 95% confidence interval 0.68-0.87, P < 0.001). Significant methodological and statistical heterogeneity was encountered. CONCLUSIONS: Preoperative MUL measured on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is significantly associated with postoperative continence in men undergoing RARP/RALP. We recommend consideration of MRI measurement of MUL prior to RARP/RALP to guide treatment decisions in this population.
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OBJECTIVES: To systematically review the literature to ascertain the upper tract pressures generated during endourology, the relevant influencing variables and clinical implications. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A systematic review of the MEDLINE, Scopus and Cochrane databases was performed by two authors independently (S.C., N.D.). Studies reporting ureteric or intrarenal pressures (IRP) during semi-rigid ureteroscopy (URS)/flexible ureterorenoscopy (fURS)/percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL)/miniaturized PCNL (mPCNL) in the period 1950-2021 were identified. Both in vitro and in vivo studies were considered for inclusion. Findings were independently screened for eligibility based on content, with disagreements resolved by author consensus. Data were assessed for bias and compiled based on predefined variables. RESULTS: Fifty-two studies met the inclusion criteria. Mean IRP appeared to frequently exceed a previously proposed threshold of 40 cmH2 O. Semi-rigid URS with low-pressure irrigation (gravity <1 m) resulted in a wide mean IRP range (lowest reported 6.9 cmH2 O, highest mean 149.5 ± 6.2 cmH2 O; animal models). The lowest mean observed with fURS without a ureteric access sheath (UAS) was 47.6 ± 4.1 cmH2 O, with the maximum peak IRP being 557.4 cmH2 O (in vivo human data). UAS placement significantly reduced IRP during fURS, but did not guarantee pressure control with hand-operated pump/syringe irrigation. Miniaturization of PCNL sheaths was associated with increased IRP; however, a wide mean human IRP range has been recorded with both mPCNL (lowest -6.8 ± 2.2 cmH2 O [suction sheath]; highest 41.2 ± 5.3 cmH2 O) and standard PCNL (lowest 6.5 cmH2 O; highest 41.2 cmH2 O). Use of continuous suction in mPCNL results in greater control of mean IRP, although short pressure peaks >40 cmH2 O are not entirely prevented. Definitive conclusions are limited by heterogeneity in study design and results. Postoperative pain and pyrexia may be correlated with increased IRP, however, few in vivo studies correlate clinical outcome with measured IRP. CONCLUSIONS: Intrarenal pressure generated during upper tract endoscopy often exceeds 40 cmH2 O. IRP is multifactorial in origin, with contributory variables discussed. Larger prospective human in vivo studies are required to further our understanding of IRP thresholds and clinical sequelae.
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Cálculos Renais , Nefrolitotomia Percutânea , Ureter , Animais , Humanos , Estudos Prospectivos , Ureteroscopia/métodos , Nefrolitotomia Percutânea/métodos , Ureteroscópios , Cálculos Renais/cirurgiaRESUMO
OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the pressure range generated in the human renal collecting system during ureteroscopy (URS), in a large patient sample, and to investigate a relationship between intrarenal pressure (IRP) and outcome. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A prospective multi-institutional study was conducted, with ethics board approval; February 2022-March 2023. Recruitment was of 120 consecutive consenting adult patients undergoing semi-rigid URS and/or flexible ureterorenoscopy (FURS) for urolithiasis or diagnostic purposes. Retrograde, fluoroscopy-guided insertion of a 0.036-cm (0.014â³) pressure guidewire (COMET™ II, Boston Scientific, Marlborough, MA, USA) to the renal pelvis was performed. Baseline and continuous ureteroscopic IRP was recorded, alongside relevant operative variables. A 30-day follow-up was completed. Descriptive statistics were applied to IRP traces, with mean (sd) and maximum values and variance reported. Relationships between IRP and technical variables, and IRP and clinical outcome were interrogated using the chi-square test and independent samples t-test. RESULTS: A total of 430 pressure traces were analysed from 120 patient episodes. The mean (sd) baseline IRP was 16.45 (5.99) mmHg and the intraoperative IRP varied by technique. The mean (sd) IRP during semi-rigid URS with gravity irrigation was 34.93 (11.66) mmHg. FURS resulted in variable IRP values: from a mean (sd) of 26.78 (5.84) mmHg (gravity irrigation; 12/14-F ureteric access sheath [UAS]) to 87.27 (66.85) mmHg (200 mmHg pressurised-bag irrigation; 11/13-F UAS). The highest single pressure peak was 334.2 mmHg, during retrograde pyelography. Six patients (5%) developed postoperative urosepsis; these patients had significantly higher IRPs during FURS (mean [sd] 81.7 [49.52] mmHg) than controls (38.53 [22.6] mmHg; P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: A dynamic IRP profile is observed during human in vivo URS, with IRP frequently exceeding expected thresholds. A relationship appears to exist between elevated IRP and postoperative urosepsis.
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PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Ureteroscopy is a well-established treatment modality for kidney and ureteric calculi in addition to playing a key role in upper tract cancer diagnostics. Traditional reusable flexible ureteroscopes are technologically advanced and expensive pieces of equipment that require repeat sterilisation and periodical repair. These issues have led to the development of single-use flexible ureteroscopes that are disposed of after each case. Whilst this may be advantageous in many respects, the environmental impact of such technology is yet to be fully determined. The aim of this review is to therefore identify and summarise the available literature concerning the environmental footprint of single-use ureteroscopy. RECENT FINDINGS: To identify the latest research on this topic, a systematic search of world literature was conducted using the Medline, Embase, and PsycINFO databases. PRISMA guidelines were followed and articles were assessed by all authors and relevant study results were included in a narrative format. Only one relevant article was identified and included. This study found that a single-use flexible ureteroscope (LithoVueTM by Boston Scientific) generated an equivalent amount of carbon dioxide per case to a contemporary reusable flexible ureteroscope. Literature concerning the environmental footprint of single-use ureteroscopy is worryingly lacking. No conclusions can be definitively drawn from a single study and further research is imperative given the global climate crisis and the significant contribution that healthcare services have to the environmental problem.
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Ureteroscopia , Cálculos Urinários , Humanos , Ureteroscopia/métodos , Desenho de Equipamento , Tecnologia de Fibra Óptica , UreteroscópiosRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Lower urinary tract symptoms due to benign prostate enlargement (LUTS/BPE) can lead to significant disturbances to health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and psychological well-being. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of pharmacological treatment of LUTS/BPE on disease specific and generic QOL measures. METHODS: Evolution was a European prospective, multicenter multi-national, observational registry collecting real-life clinical data over 2 years on the management of LUTS/BPE in primary and secondary care. This study investigated disease-specific QOL using questionnaires such as IPSS Q8, BPH Impact Index (BII) and generic QOL using questionnaires like EuroQOL Five Dimension (EQ5D) which encompassed EQ5D VAS and EQ5D health index. RESULTS: The registry enrolled 1838 BPE patients and 1246 patients were evaluable at the end of 24 months. Nearly 70% of patients in the study were previously treated with medical therapy and 17% of these had already discontinued medical treatment previously for various reasons with lack of efficacy being the most common. The mean time since diagnosis of LUTS in the previously treated group was 4.7 years (0-26 years). Medical management produced statistically significant improvement in QOL (disease specific and generic) in previously untreated patients and an insignificant change in generic QOL in previously treated patients. CONCLUSIONS: After 5-years from the onset of symptoms, LUTS/BPE patients previously treated with medication had significantly impaired QOL in patients in a manner comparable to other chronic diseases. Earlier intervention with minimally invasive surgical techniques (MIT) should be considered in LUTS/BPE patients that do not show a significant improvement in QOL with medical therapy.
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Sintomas do Trato Urinário Inferior/tratamento farmacológico , Hiperplasia Prostática/tratamento farmacológico , Qualidade de Vida , Idoso , Humanos , Cooperação Internacional , Sintomas do Trato Urinário Inferior/etiologia , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Estudos Prospectivos , Hiperplasia Prostática/complicações , Sistema de Registros , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
BACKGROUND: To use the European Association of Urology Research Foundation (EAURF) registry data to determine the proportion of contemporary Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms associated with Benign Prostatic Enlargement (LUTS/BPE) patients prescribed phytotherapy, and to determine their subjective quality of life and clinical progression responses. METHODS: This was a prospective multicenter multinational observational registry study, conducted over 2 years. Men ≥ 50 years seeking LUTS/BPE were divided at baseline into two cohorts, presently/recently untreated patients (PUP) commencing pharmacotherapy at baseline and presently/recently treated patients (c-PTP) continuing previously received pharmacotherapy, with 24-month follow-up (FU). RESULTS: Overall, 2175 patients were enrolled with 1838 analyzed. Of the PUP cohort (n = 575), 92 (16%) received phytotherapy and 65 (71%, n = 65/92) completed 24-month FU, with France prescribing 34% (n = 30/89) the highest proportion of phytotherapy among all LUTS/BPE medications. In the c-PTP group (n = 1263), only 69 (5%) patients were using phytotherapy, falling to n = 35/69 (51%) at 24-month FU (highest in France 20% (n = 43/210)). Though defined disease progression occurred in ≤ 20%, with only 1% proceeding to surgical intervention, in both groups, clinically meaningful improvement was lower and symptom persistence was higher in PUP but similar in the treated (c-PTP) patients on phytotherapy compared to the other LUTS/BPE medication. CONCLUSION: Low heterogeneous prescribing rates for phytotherapy were reported in both PUP and c-PTP cohorts over the 24-month FU. Although phytotherapy led to subjective improvements, healthcare practitioners should prescribe them with caution until higher quality evidence and guideline recommendations supporting its use are available.
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Sintomas do Trato Urinário Inferior/tratamento farmacológico , Fitoterapia/estatística & dados numéricos , Idoso , Progressão da Doença , Europa (Continente) , Humanos , Sintomas do Trato Urinário Inferior/etiologia , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Estudos Prospectivos , Hiperplasia Prostática/complicações , Qualidade de Vida , Sistema de RegistrosRESUMO
BACKGROUND: This study aims to evaluate allograft and patient outcomes among recipients of kidney transplants after non-renal solid organ transplants. We also aim to compare our findings with recipients of a repeat kidney transplant. METHODS: We performed an analysis on kidney transplant recipients who underwent kidney transplantation after a non-renal solid organ transplant. Survival data were stratified into 2 groups: Group A (n = 37) consisted of recipients of a kidney transplant after prior non-renal solid organ transplant, and Group B (n = 330) consisted of recipients of a repeat kidney transplant. RESULTS: The 1-,5-, and 10-year graft survival (death-censored) for recipients of a kidney transplant post-non-renal solid organ transplant (Group A) were 97.3%, 91.5%, and 86.9%, compared with 97.9%, 90.2%, and 83.4% for recipients of a repeat kidney transplant (Group B) (p = .32). The 1-, 5-, and 10-year patient survival rates were 97.3%, 82.7%, and 79.1% in Group A compared to 97.9%, 90.2%, and 83.4% in Group B. Unadjusted overall patient survival was significantly lower for Group A (p = .017). CONCLUSION: Kidney transplant recipients who have undergone a previous non-renal solid organ transplant have similar allograft survival outcomes, but higher long-term mortality rates compared to repeat kidney transplant recipients.
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Transplante de Rim , Transplante de Órgãos , Sobrevivência de Enxerto , Humanos , Estudos Retrospectivos , Transplante HomólogoRESUMO
INTRODUCTION AND HYPOTHESIS: The aim of this study is to evaluate the trends in stress urinary incontinence (SUI) surgery since the 2018 pause on use of the polypropylene (PP) mid-urethral sling (MUS) and to quantify the effect this has had on surgical training. METHODS: Two anonymous surveys were sent to all current urology trainees and to all consultant surgeons who specialise in stress urinary incontinence surgery. RESULTS: Prior to the pause, 86% (6 out of 7) of consultant urologists and 73% (11 out of 15) of consultant gynaecologists would "always"/"often" perform MUS for SUI. After that, 100% (22 out of 22) of consultants reported that they "never" perform MUS. There has been a modest increase in the use of urethral bulking agent (UBA) procedures among urologists, with 43% (3 out of 7) now "often" performing this, compared with 71% (5 out of 7) "never" performing it pre-2018. Trainee exposure to SUI surgery reduced by 75% between 2016 and 2020. Despite a ten-fold increase in UBA procedures logged by trainees, the decline in MUS has resulted in a major reduction in total SUI surgeries. Coinciding with this decrease in surgeries, there was a 56% reduction in trainees' self-assessed competence at SUI surgery. Thirteen percent of trainees are interested in specialising in Female Urology and those trainees had significantly greater exposure to SUI procedures during their training than those who did not (p = 0.0072). CONCLUSIONS: This study has identified a downward trend in SUI surgery, which is concerning for the undertreatment of females with SUI. A decline in SUI surgery training has resulted in reduced trainee confidence and interest in this subspecialty.
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Slings Suburetrais , Incontinência Urinária por Estresse , Urologia , Feminino , Humanos , Irlanda , Masculino , Uretra , Incontinência Urinária por Estresse/cirurgiaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: The aim of this study is to systematically compare rates of erosion and chronic pain after mesh insertion for pelvic organ prolapse (POP) and stress urinary incontinence (SUI) surgery. METHODS: A systematic electronic search was performed on studies that evaluated the incidence of erosion and chronic pain after mesh insertion for POP or SUI. The primary outcome measurement was to compare mesh erosion rates for POP and SUI surgery. Secondary outcome measurements were incidence of de novo pain and a comparison of patient demographics for both surgeries. RESULTS: Twenty-six studies on 292,606 patients (n = 9077 for POP surgery and n = 283,529 for SUI surgery) met the inclusion criteria. Median follow-up was 26.38 ± 22.17 months for POP surgery and 39.33 ± 27.68 months for SUI surgery. Overall, the POP group were older (p < 0.0001) and had a lower BMI (p < 0.0001). Mesh erosion rates were significantly greater in the POP group compared to the SUI group (4% versus 1.9%) (OR 2.13; 95% CI 1.91-2.37; p < 0.0001). The duration from surgery to onset of mesh erosion was 306.84 ± 183.98 days. There was no difference in erosion rates between abdominal and transvaginal mesh for POP. There was no difference in erosion rates between the transobturator and retropubic approach for SUI. The incidence of chronic pain was significantly greater in the POP group compared to the SUI group (6.7% versus 0.6%) (OR 11.02; 95% CI 8.15-14.9; p < 0.0001). The duration from surgery to onset of chronic pain was 325.88 ± 226.31 days. CONCLUSIONS: The risk of mesh erosion and chronic pain is significantly higher after surgery for POP compared to SUI. These significant complications occur within the first year after surgery.
Assuntos
Dor Crônica , Prolapso de Órgão Pélvico , Slings Suburetrais , Incontinência Urinária por Estresse , Dor Crônica/epidemiologia , Dor Crônica/etiologia , Humanos , Prolapso de Órgão Pélvico/cirurgia , Slings Suburetrais/efeitos adversos , Telas Cirúrgicas/efeitos adversos , Incontinência Urinária por Estresse/cirurgiaRESUMO
INTRODUCTION: Few studies investigate significant perioperative predictors for long-term renal allograft survival after second kidney transplant (SKT). We compared long-term survival following SKT with primary kidney transplant and determined predictors of renal allograft failure after SKT. METHODS: Outcomes of all primary or second kidney transplant recipients at a national kidney transplant center between 1993 and 2017 were reviewed. The primary outcomes measurements were renal allograft survival for both first and second kidney transplants. Secondary outcome measurements were incidence of delayed graft function (DGF), incidence of acute rejection (AR), and predictors for renal allograft survival in SKT recipients. RESULTS: In total, there were 392 SKTs and 2748 primary kidney transplants performed between 1993 and 2017. The 1-, 5-, and 10-year death-censored graft survival for deceased-donor recipients was 95.3%, 88.7%, and 78.2% for primary kidney transplant and 94.9%, 87.1%, and 74.9% for SKT (P = .0288). Survival of primary renal allograft <6 years (HR 0.6, P = .017), AR episodes (HR 1.6, P = .031), DGF (HR 2.0, P = .005), and HLA-DR MM (HR 1.7, P = .018) was independent predictors of long-term renal allograft failure after SKT. CONCLUSION: These findings may provide important information on long-term survival outcomes after SKT and for identifying patients at risk for long-term renal allograft failure after SKT.
Assuntos
Transplante de Rim , Aloenxertos , Rejeição de Enxerto/etiologia , Sobrevivência de Enxerto , Humanos , Rim , Estudos Retrospectivos , Fatores de RiscoRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Infection prevention and timely and effective treatment are among the major aims of care in kidney transplant recipients. Pre-transplant vaccination and pre-transplant viral screening have been extensively studied and are now considered standard practice. Early post-operative infection surveillance is mandatory in other vulnerable cohorts, but has not been extensively studied in this population. We hypothesized that surveillance of the most common bacterial infection types in the post-transplant setting would be beneficial and identify key areas for improvement. METHODS: All adult kidney transplant recipients whose surgeries were performed in the Irish national kidney transplant unit over a 1-year period had prospective early post-transplant (first 30 days) infection surveillance in 2014 for surgical site infection, urinary tract infection, and secondary bloodstream infections (Group T0). Several key changes were implemented following scrutiny of infection patterns and clinical practice. Subsequently, infection surveillance was undertaken for 2016 and 2017 (Group T1) to assess the impact of these changes. RESULTS: Between 2014 and 2017, the number of kidney transplants increased by 32%. The following aspects of clinical practice were the focus of change following analysis of Group T0 data: timing of surgical antimicrobial prophylaxis (SAP) administration, choice of SAP antimicrobial agent, and routine microbiological testing in the peri-operative period. Following implementation of these changes, the timing of SAP administration was greatly improved (45%-100% of cases appropriately timed). The infection rate decreased from 8.9% to 7.4% in 2016, with a further decrease to 4% in 2017 (OR 0.42 (95% CI: 0.16-1.10); P = .08). Compliance with pre-operative microbiological screening improved in Group T1. CONCLUSIONS: Simple clinical practice changes, implemented upon analysis of common bacterial infection surveillance data in the first 30 days after kidney transplantation resulted in more effective SAP administration and improved compliance with routine microbiological testing in the peri-operative period. These interventions have potentially contributed to reduced early post-operative infection rates, despite increased transplant activity in the unit. Infection surveillance is an important and under-utilized way of reducing infections in this vulnerable patient cohort.