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1.
Brain Cogn ; 174: 106121, 2024 02.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38142536

RESUMO

A depersonalization episode occurred unexpectedly during an electroencephalogram (EEG) recording for a study. Experience reports tracked the time course of this event and, in conjunction, with EEG data, were analyzed. The source activity across canonical frequency bands was analyzed across four periods ended by retrospective experience reports (depersonalization was reported in the 2nd period). Delta and theta decreases occurred across all time periods with no relation to reported events. Theta and alpha increases occurred in right secondary visual areas following depersonalization, which also coincided with surges in beta and gamma. The largest increases occurred in bilateral fronto-polar and medial prefrontal cortex, followed by inferior left lateral fronto-insula-temporal cortices and right secondary visual cortex. A high frequency functional network with a principal hub in left insula closely overlapped inferior left cortical gamma band-power increases. Bilateral frontal increases in gamma are consistent with studies of dissociation. We interpret gamma and later beta, alpha, and theta band increases as arising from the generation of visual priors, in the absence of precise visual signals, which constrain interoceptive and proprioceptive predictions to reestablish a stable sense of physiological-self. Beta showed local increases following the pattern of gamma but showed no changes in functional connectivity.


Assuntos
Córtex Cerebral , Eletroencefalografia , Humanos , Estudos Retrospectivos , Lobo Temporal , Cabeça
2.
Cogn Affect Behav Neurosci ; 17(5): 917-931, 2017 Oct.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28600639

RESUMO

In this article, we explore the neural correlates of the general and specific factors assessed by the Life Orientation Test-Revised. These factors have been shown to assess general optimism (GO) and a form of self-enhancement akin to unrealistic optimism (SP). Toward our aim, we used a standardized low-resolution brain electromagnetic tomography (sLORETA), which provides electroencephalographic (EEG) localization measures that are independent of recording reference. Resting-EEG and self-report measures of GO and SP were collected from 51 female undergraduates. EEGs were recorded across 29 scalp sites. Anterior and posterior source alpha asymmetries of cortical activation were obtained by using the sLORETA method. On the basis of previous research findings, ten frontal and six parietal regions of interest (ROIs) were derived. Alpha asymmetry in the posterior cingulate (i.e., BA31) was uniquely associated with GO. In contrast, SP was associated with areas of the inferior frontal gyrus (BA44, BA45) and with the left subcentralis area (BA43). Theoretical and practical implications of the findings are provided and discussed.


Assuntos
Eletroencefalografia/métodos , Giro do Cíngulo/fisiologia , Otimismo , Personalidade/fisiologia , Córtex Pré-Frontal/fisiologia , Adulto , Ritmo alfa/fisiologia , Feminino , Humanos , Testes Psicológicos , Adulto Jovem
3.
Brain Cogn ; 97: 10-21, 2015 Jul.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-25956140

RESUMO

UNLABELLED: The present study investigates cortical structures associated with personality dimension of positivity (POS) by using a standardized low-resolution brain electromagnetic tomography (sLORETA), which provides EEG localization measures that are independent of the recording reference. Resting EEG and self-report measures of positivity, self-esteem, life satisfaction, and optimism were collected from 51 female undergraduates. EEG was recorded across 29 scalp sites. Anterior and posterior source alpha asymmetries of cortical activation were obtained by using sLORETA. Based on previous research findings, 10 frontal and 6 parietal regions of interest (ROI) were derived. Alpha asymmetry in the posterior cingulate (i.e., BA23 and BA31) was uniquely associated with both POS scores. These areas are, hypothetically, part of a complex default-mode neural network (DMN). The activity in the DMN usually increases during tasks that invoke self-referential processing, such as responding to statements describing one's personality, attitudes, or preferences. Importantly, the cortical structures associated with POS were different from those associated with indicators. Indeed, measures of "optimism" failed to maintain a significant correlation with any of the previously significant ROI, but "self-esteem" and "life satisfaction" revealed robust associations with alpha asymmetry at the precuneus (i.e., BA7), after controlling for POS residual scores. IN CONCLUSION: Present findings support the assumption that POS is a basic disposition that reflects the concerted activity of brain structures that are essential for integrating self-referential thought and autobiographical memories and for assigning a positive valence to one's experience and attitude toward the future.


Assuntos
Ritmo alfa/fisiologia , Córtex Cerebral/fisiologia , Otimismo , Personalidade/fisiologia , Autoimagem , Adulto , Encéfalo/fisiologia , Mapeamento Encefálico/métodos , Eletroencefalografia/métodos , Feminino , Neuroimagem Funcional , Giro do Cíngulo , Humanos , Masculino , Memória Episódica , Satisfação Pessoal , Descanso , Pensamento , Adulto Jovem
4.
Brain Sci ; 14(2)2024 Jan 24.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38391691

RESUMO

This comprehensive review delves into the cognitive neuroscience of hypnosis and variations in hypnotizability by examining research employing functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), positron emission tomography (PET), and electroencephalography (EEG) methods. Key focus areas include functional brain imaging correlations in hypnosis, EEG band oscillations as indicators of hypnotic states, alterations in EEG functional connectivity during hypnosis and wakefulness, drawing critical conclusions, and suggesting future research directions. The reviewed functional connectivity findings support the notion that disruptions in the available integration between different components of the executive control network during hypnosis may correspond to altered subjective appraisals of the agency during the hypnotic response, as per dissociated and cold control theories of hypnosis. A promising exploration avenue involves investigating how frontal lobes' neurochemical and aperiodic components of the EEG activity at waking-rest are linked to individual differences in hypnotizability. Future studies investigating the effects of hypnosis on brain function should prioritize examining distinctive activation patterns across various neural networks.

5.
Behav Brain Res ; 439: 114224, 2023 02 15.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36427591

RESUMO

This study aimed to validate a recent conceptualization proposed by Coll and colleagues (2017a) that defines empathic response as a situational, cognitively complex process requiring emotion identification and affective sharing. Sixty right-handed women university students (18-29 years) voluntarily participated in the study. We measured ratings for empathy pain to assess the individual differences in empathy. At the same time, we collected peak amplitudes of the event-related potentials (ERPs) components to empathic stimulations of painful faces or hand stimuli and neutral images. Electrophysiological results proved that the P2, N170, N2, and P3 ERP components were associated with the modulation of empathic responses. Participants with low empathic responses (p < 0.05) disclosed a larger frontal central N2 for the painful hands than for painful faces (p < .05) and a reduced temporoparietal N170 for painful hands compared to neutral ones. Furthermore, our results highlighted higher frontal central P3a and P3b to painful stimuli than controls (p ≤ 0.01). We explained these findings assuming that in identifying the emotional value of a stimulus, the emotional content can modulate the reorientation of attention and the in-memory updating process associated with the empathic response. Results are in line with Coll and colleagues' conceptualization of the empathic response that includes two cognitive processes, the identification of emotions, and affective sharing, related to the recognition of the emotional state of the other in the self.


Assuntos
Eletroencefalografia , Empatia , Humanos , Feminino , Emoções/fisiologia , Potenciais Evocados/fisiologia , Dor/psicologia
6.
J Pain Res ; 16: 3239-3249, 2023.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37790193

RESUMO

Introduction: Pain is a complex experience that requires executive functions (EFs) to be processed. The autonomic outcome of the neural networks involved in the cognitive evaluation of pain is reflected by heart rate variability (HRV), an index of self-regulation abilities. Although some results suggest a relationship between HRV, EFs, and pain, studies focusing on this three-way relationship are still scarce. Objective: This study aims to investigate the relationship between pain, cognitive, and autonomic mechanisms, hypothesizing an association between resting HRV and both cognitive and motor inhibition as indices of executive functioning. This relationship was investigated after an experimental-induced pain. Methods: Seventy-six young adults were exposed to the Cold Pressure Arm Warp to induce experimental pain. HRV was collected, and cognitive tasks were administered to assess executive performance. Results: The results showed that (1) HRV indices significantly increased during pain stimulation, (2) cognitive inhibition was positively correlated with vagal indices and with pain parameters, (3) both inhibition tasks significantly predicted pain threshold while the performance on the Stroop Task predicted pain tolerance. Conclusion: Results suggest a three-way relationship. Further research would focus on the role of HRV and cognitive strategies in pain management in chronic pain conditions.

7.
Sci Rep ; 12(1): 6041, 2022 04 11.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35410362

RESUMO

We induced placebo analgesia (PA), a phenomenon explicitly attenuating the self-pain feeling, to assess whether this resulted in reduced empathy pain when witnessing a confederate undergoing such pain experience. We recorded EEG and electrocardiogram during a painful Control and PA treatment in healthy adults who rated their experienced pain and empathy for pain. We derived HRV changes and, using wavelet analysis of non-phase-locked event-related EEG oscillations, EEG spectral power differences for self-pain and other-pain conditions. First-hand PA reduced self-pain and self-unpleasantness, whereas we observed only a slight decrease in other unpleasantness. We derived linear combinations of HRV and EEG band power changes significantly associated with self-pain and empathy for pain changes using PCAs. Lower Behavioral Inhibition System scores predicted self-pain reduction through the mediating effect of a relative HR-slowing and a decreased midline ϑ-band (4-8 Hz) power factor moderated by lower Fight-Flight-Freeze System trait scores. In the other-pain condition, we detected a direct positive influence of Total Empathic Ability on the other-pain decline with a mediating role of the midline ß2-band (22-30 Hz) power reduction. These findings suggest that PA modulation of first-hand versus other pain relies on functionally different physiological processes involving different personality traits.


Assuntos
Agnosia , Analgesia , Adulto , Eletroencefalografia , Empatia , Frequência Cardíaca , Humanos , Dor , Personalidade
8.
Compr Psychiatry ; 52(4): 446-52, 2011.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-21683182

RESUMO

The cross-cultural generalizability of Impulsiveness-Venturesomeness-Empathy questionnaire (I(7)) is investigated with a sample of 578 Italian adults, mostly nonstudents. Results indicate that Italian I(7) scale intercorrelations and reliabilities were similar to those obtained in other cultural contexts; furthermore, the 3-factor structure is generalizable across sexes and invariant compared with the English normative structure, as well as with those found in the French, Dutch, and Spanish versions. Impulsiveness was positively correlated with Barratt Impulsiveness Scale and with Dickman's dysfunctional impulsivity scale but independent of the functional impulsivity scale. Plotting the scale onto the Eysenck's psychoticism-extraversion-neuroticism factor space, impulsiveness was more strongly related to psychoticism and neuroticism than to extraversion. We remark that the impulsiveness measure of I(7) is fairly stable across languages and cultures and can be used reliably in Italian speaking samples.


Assuntos
Empatia , Extroversão Psicológica , Comportamento Impulsivo/diagnóstico , Adulto , Idoso , Feminino , Humanos , Comportamento Impulsivo/psicologia , Itália , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Inventário de Personalidade , Escalas de Graduação Psiquiátrica , Psicometria , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes , Inquéritos e Questionários
9.
Brain Sci ; 11(9)2021 Sep 10.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34573212

RESUMO

This study evaluates the modulation of phasic pain and empathy for pain induced by placebo analgesia during pain and empathy for pain tasks. Because pain can be conceptualized as a dangerous stimulus that generates avoidance, we evaluated how approach and avoidance personality traits modulate pain and empathy for pain responses. We induced placebo analgesia to test whether this also reduces self-pain and other pain. Amplitude measures of the N1, P2, and P3 ERPs components, elicited by electric stimulations, were obtained during a painful control, as well as during a placebo treatment expected to induce placebo analgesia. The placebo treatment produced a reduction in pain and unpleasantness perceived, whereas we observed a decrease in the empathy unpleasantness alone during the empathy pain condition. The moderator effects of the fight-flight-freeze system (FFFS) in the relationships linking P2 and P3 amplitude changes with pain reduction were both significant among low to moderate FFFS values. These observations are consistent with the idea that lower FFFS (active avoidance) scores can predict placebo-induced pain reduction. Finally, in line with the revised Reinforcement Sensitivity Theory (r-RST), we can assume that phasic pain is an aversive stimulus activating the active-avoidance behavior to bring the system back to homeostasis.

10.
Am J Clin Hypn ; 63(4): 302-328, 2021 Apr.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33999775

RESUMO

We tested the role of hypnotic suggestibility, involuntariness, pain expectation, and subjective hypnotic depth in the prediction of placebo analgesia (PA) responsiveness. We also tested the link of lower and upper alpha sub-band (i.e., 'alpha1' and 'alpha2') power changes with tonic PA responding during waking and hypnosis conditions. Following an initial PA manipulation condition, we recorded EEG activity during waking and hypnosis under two treatments: (1) painful stimulation (Pain); (2) painful stimulation after application of a PA cream. Alpha1 and alpha2 power were derived using the individual alpha frequency method. We found that (1) PA in both waking and hypnosis conditions significantly reduced relative pain perception; (2) during waking, all the above mentioned contextual measures were associated with pain reduction, while involuntariness alone was associated with pain reduction within hypnosis. Enhanced alpha2 power at the left-parietal lead was solely associated with pain reduction in waking, but not in hypnosis condition. Using multiple regression and mediation analyses we found that: (i) during waking, the enhancement of relative left-parietal alpha2 power, directly influenced the enhancement in pain reduction, and, indirectly, through the mediating positive effect of involuntariness; (j) during hypnosis, the enhancement of left-temporoparietal alpha2 power, through the mediation of involuntariness, influenced pain reduction. Current findings obtained during waking suggest that enhanced alpha2 power may serve as a direct-objective measure of the subjective reduction of tonic pain in response to PA treatment. Overall, our findings suggest that placebo analgesia during waking and hypnosis involves different processes of top-down regulation.


Assuntos
Analgesia , Hipnose , Eletroencefalografia , Humanos , Hipnóticos e Sedativos , Dor , Sugestão
11.
Neurosci Res ; 170: 364-369, 2021 Sep.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33352204

RESUMO

Previous studies have shown inconsistent results regarding the effect of the Val158Met polymorphism of the catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) gene on personality and cognition. Here, nonclinical Caucasian university students of Italian origin were administered the Temperament and Character Inventory-Revised, Tellegen Absorption Scale, Differential Attentional Processes Inventory, and Waterloo-Stanford Group Scale of Hypnotic Susceptibility. We found that the COMT Val158Met polymorphism was significantly associated with the disorderliness facet of novelty seeking (NS4) and that sex was a moderator of this association. Females with the Met/Met genotype showed higher NS4 scores compared to those with the Val/Met and Val/Val genotypes. No significant genotype effect was found for males. Additionally, we failed to find a significant effect of the COMT gene on attention and hypnotic suggestibility measures. These results provide further evidence for a sex-specific influence on the gene-behaviour associations.


Assuntos
Catecol O-Metiltransferase , Comportamento Exploratório , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Catecol O-Metiltransferase/genética , Caráter , Genótipo , Polimorfismo de Nucleotídeo Único
12.
Am J Clin Hypn ; 62(3): 231-266, 2020 Jan.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31928517

RESUMO

Although hypnotizability exhibits high across-time and across-test consistencies, it is not clear (a) how different preambles to a hypnotic procedure (metasuggestions) influence responsiveness to suggestions and the strength of the association between two hypnotizability scales and (b) how hypnotizability relates to absorption and empathy. In Experiment 1, nonclinical participants (N = 152 women) were administered the Modified Tellegen Absorption Scale (MODTAS), Interpersonal Reactivity Index (IRI), Hypnotic Induction Profile (HIP), and Stanford Hypnotic Susceptibility Scale, Form C (SHSS:C). In Experiment 2, nonclinical participants (N = 188; 105 women and 83 men) were administered the MODTAS, IRI, and Harvard Group Scale of Hypnotic Susceptibility, Form A (HGSHS:A). The induction scores of the HIP (HIP-IND) and the SHSS:C scores showed a significantly stronger correlation when the HIP was introduced to the participants after hypnosis metasuggestion (HIP-H-IND) than after imagination metasuggestion (HIP-I-IND). Metasuggestion was a moderator of the association between HIP-IND and SHSS:C scores. Participants with low and medium, but not with high, hypnotizability levels on the SHSS:C showed significantly higher scores on the HIP-I-IND than on the HIP-H-IND. The strong correlations between the SHSS:C, HIP-H-IND, and HIP eye-roll (HIP-ER) scores indicate that both the HIP-H-IND and HIP-ER are robust measures of hypnotizability. Absorption and empathy were not significantly associated with hypnotizability. Women were more hypnotizable than men, as assessed by the HGSHS:A. The clinical relevance of metasuggestions, intended to increase responsiveness to suggestions, is discussed as a strategy to improve treatment outcomes.


Assuntos
Empatia , Hipnose , Avaliação de Processos e Resultados em Cuidados de Saúde , Psicometria/instrumentação , Adulto , Empatia/fisiologia , Feminino , Humanos , Hipnose/métodos , Masculino , Fatores Sexuais , Sugestão
13.
J Clin Med ; 9(7)2020 Jul 21.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32708073

RESUMO

This study explored the electrocortical correlates of conscious and nonconscious perceptions of emotionally laden faces in neurotypical adult women with varying levels of autistic-like traits (Autism Spectrum Quotient-AQ). Event-related potentials (ERPs) were recorded during the viewing of backward-masked images for happy, neutral, and sad faces presented either below (16 ms-subliminal) or above the level of visual conscious awareness (167 ms-supraliminal). Sad compared to happy faces elicited larger frontal-central N1, N2, and occipital P3 waves. We observed larger N1 amplitudes to sad faces than to happy and neutral faces in High-AQ (but not Low-AQ) scorers. Additionally, High-AQ scorers had a relatively larger P3 at the occipital region to sad faces. Regardless of the AQ score, subliminal perceived emotional faces elicited shorter N1, N2, and P3 latencies than supraliminal faces. Happy and sad faces had shorter N170 latency in the supraliminal than subliminal condition. High-AQ participants had a longer N1 latency over the occipital region than Low-AQ ones. In Low-AQ individuals (but not in High-AQ ones), emotional recognition with female faces produced a longer N170 latency than with male faces. N4 latency was shorter to female faces than male faces. These findings are discussed in view of their clinical implications and extension to autism.

14.
Biol Psychol ; 148: 107771, 2019 11.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31526826

RESUMO

This study examined the associations between Reinforcement Sensitivity Theory (RST-PQ, Corr & Cooper, 2016) and psychopathy traits (LSRPS, Levenson et al., 1995) in university students. The aim was to identify psychopathy and RST traits associated with prepulse inhibition (PPI) of acoustic startle and ERP responses by using two prepulse-stimulus intensities (70 and 85 dB) combined with a 105 dB startle pulse (200 ms prepulse-plus-pulse interval). The higher intensity prepulse produced a larger PPI, although both prepulse stimuli reliably activated the startle system. Higher Primary Psychopathy was associated with a higher Defensive-Fight trait and both measures were associated with larger PPI. A principal components factor analysis disclosed an N1-startle factor that was a significant predictor of both reward reactivity and Goal-Drive Persistence scores. Results appear in line with Newman's response modulation hypothesis emphasizing the engagement of attention and recognition of stimulus salience, which may be disrupted in psychopathy.


Assuntos
Potenciais Evocados/fisiologia , Personalidade/fisiologia , Inibição Pré-Pulso/fisiologia , Teoria Psicológica , Reforço Psicológico , Estimulação Acústica/métodos , Adulto , Atenção , Feminino , Objetivos , Humanos , Masculino , Análise de Componente Principal , Reflexo de Sobressalto/fisiologia , Recompensa , Estudantes/psicologia , Adulto Jovem
15.
J Clin Med ; 9(1)2019 Dec 22.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31877865

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: High blood pressure has been associated with an increased risk of developing cognitive impairment. However, this relationship is unclear. This study aims to systematically review the effects of blood pressure on executive functioning, language, memory, attention and processing speed. METHODS: The review process was conducted according to the PRISMA-Statement, using the PubMed, PsycINFO, PsycARTICLES and MEDLINE databases. Restrictions were made by selecting studies, which included one or more cognitive measures and reported blood pressure recordings. Studies that included participants with medical conditions or people diagnosed with dementia, psychiatric disorders, stroke and head trauma were excluded. The review allows selecting fifty studies that included 107,405 participants. The results were reported considering different cognitive domains separately: global cognitive functioning, attention, processing speed, executive functions, memory and visuospatial abilities. RESULTS: Higher blood pressure appears to influence cognitive performance in different domains in the absence of dementia and severe cardiovascular diseases, such as strokes. This relationship seems to be independent of demographic factors (gender and education), medical co-morbidity (diabetes), and psychiatric disorders (depression). Furthermore, it presents different patterns considering ageing. In the elderly, a sort of "cardiovascular paradox" is highlighted, which allows considering higher blood pressure as a protective factor for cognitive functioning. CONCLUSIONS: The results underline that higher blood pressure is associated with a higher risk of cognitive decline in people without dementia or stroke. These findings highlight the need to introduce early management of blood pressure, even in the absence of clinical hypertension, to prevent the risk of a decline of cognitive functioning typically associated with ageing.

16.
Personal Neurosci ; 2: e12, 2019.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32435747

RESUMO

Using electroencephalography (EEG) power measures within conventional delta, theta, alpha, beta, and gamma bands, the aims of the current study were to highlight cortical correlates of subjective perception of cold pain (CP) and the associations of these measures with behavioral inhibition system (BIS), fight-flight-freeze system (FFFS), and behavioral approach system personality traits. EEG was recorded in 55 healthy right-handed women under (i) a white noise interruption detection condition (Baseline); (ii) enduring CP induced by the cold cup test. CP and Baseline EEG band power scores within conventional frequency bands served for covariance analyses. We found that: (1) higher Pain scorers had higher EEG beta power changes at left frontal, midline central, posterior temporal leads; (2) higher BIS was associated with greater EEG delta activity changes at parietal scalp regions; (3) higher FFFS was associated with higher EEG delta activity changes at temporal and left-parietal regions, and with lower EEG gamma activity changes at right parietal regions. High FFFS, compared to Low FFFS scorers, also showed a lower gamma power across the midline, posterior temporal, and parietal regions. Results suggest a functional role of higher EEG beta activity in the subjective perception of tonic pain. EEG delta activity underpins conflict resolution system responsible for passive avoidance control of pain, while higher EEG delta and lower EEG gamma activity changes, taken together, underpin active avoidance system responsible for pain escape behavior.

17.
Int J Psychophysiol ; 69(2): 112-8, 2008 Aug.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-18495279

RESUMO

The aim of this study was to analyze the relationships among impulsivity, intelligence and P300, a well-known component of the event-related potential widely studied in personality and intelligence research. Eighty-two males completed the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale and the two-subtest form of the Wechsler Abbreviated Scale of Intelligence. A subsample of 45 participants (mean age=24.4, SD=4.6) performed a visual oddball task, consisting of a two-letter recognition task, during which psychophysiological data were recorded. Although no significant relationships emerged for P300 latency, overall results suggest that the P300 amplitude was positively related to IQ and negatively related to impulsivity. Those who scored high on impulsivity (high impulsives) had lower P300 amplitudes than low impulsives, but this relationship was not significant when controlling for individual differences in mental ability. The results also showed an inverse relationship between mental ability and impulsivity. That is, high impulsives demonstrated reduced cognitive performance on intelligence testing and it is reflected in their reduced P300 amplitude. These findings are likely due to high impulsives' less efficient ability to inhibit task-irrelevant information or to ignore additional information intake. It was suggested that impulsivity exerts a disadvantageous influence on the performance of tasks (such as those used on intelligence tests) in which exclusive concentration and sustained attention are necessary.


Assuntos
Discriminação Psicológica/fisiologia , Potenciais Evocados P300/fisiologia , Comportamento Impulsivo/psicologia , Inteligência/fisiologia , Personalidade/fisiologia , Adolescente , Adulto , Análise de Variância , Humanos , Masculino , Modelos Neurológicos , Modelos Psicológicos , Tempo de Reação/fisiologia , Reconhecimento Psicológico/fisiologia , Valores de Referência , Escalas de Wechsler
18.
Sci Rep ; 8(1): 13154, 2018 09 03.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30177698

RESUMO

The revised reinforcement sensitivity theory (rRST) of personality has conceptualized three main systems: the behavioural approach system (BAS), behavioural inhibition system (BIS), and fight-flight-freeze system (FFFS). Research links greater relative left-frontal activity with BAS-related tendencies and impulsivity and greater relative right-frontal activity with "withdrawal" motivation that included both BIS and FFFS. Although rRST has addressed the separation of FFFS and BIS, much of personality neuroscience research does not indicate which system is related to right frontal activity. We administered the Reinforcement Sensitivity Theory of Personality Questionnaire (RST-PQ) to measure the BAS and its facets (goal-drive persistence, reward interest, reward reactivity, and impulsivity), BIS, and the withdrawal FFFS. We examined the association of RST-PQ traits with resting electroencephalogram (EEG) alpha-asymmetry in female participants (N = 162) by considering the influence of experimenter's gender. In the total group, that included two subgroups with experimenters of different gender, BAS-impulsivity was related to greater left- than right-frontal activity, and FFFS, but not BIS, was related to greater relative right-frontocentral activity. These associations remained significant for the subgroup with a young same-sex experimenter, but not with opposite-sex experimenter.

19.
Biol Psychol ; 137: 91-106, 2018 09.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30012464

RESUMO

In this study, we attempt to validate previous findings on extraversion-related differences in speed of sensorimotor processing and to extend them into Behavioural Approach System (BAS) subtraits within the framework of the revised Reinforcement Sensitivity Theory (rRST) of personality. Here, we assessed psychological traits of extraversion (E), four BAS facets (Goal-Drive Persistence, BAS-GDP; Reward Interest, BAS-RI; Reward Reactivity, BAS-RR; Impulsivity, BAS-I), Behavioural Inhibition System (BIS), and Fight-Flight-Freeze System (FFFS) in 51 volunteers (28 women). Stimulus-locked lateralized readiness potential (S-LRP), response-locked LRP (R-LRP), stimulus-locked and response-locked forearm electromyogram (S-EMG and R-EMG), and P3 components of the event-related potentials (ERPs), were recorded during the performance of a two-choice Go/NoGo visual letter-digit discrimination task varying in task difficulty. High extraverts, relative to introverts and individuals high relative to low on BAS-RI, were more likely to exhibit shorter S-LRP latencies and stimulus- and response-locked EMG latencies. Additionally, high BAS-I had a shorter R-RLP latency than low BAS-I participants for the difficult task. High FFFS levels were associated with longer S-LRP and S-EMG latencies, while high BIS levels had larger response accuracy. Extraverts, relative to introverts, along with those high relative to low on BAS-RR and BAS-I, exhibited smaller P3 amplitudes. The faster cortical premotor initiation, found in individuals high on extraversion, BAS-RI and low on FFFS, may account for their faster peripheral motor response initiation and execution. Smaller P3 amplitudes in extraverts and individuals high on BAS-RR and BAS-I may indicate reduced perceptual processing capacity in these individuals.


Assuntos
Atenção , Potenciais Evocados P300/fisiologia , Extroversão Psicológica , Comportamento Impulsivo , Inibição Psicológica , Motivação , Atividade Motora/fisiologia , Recompensa , Adulto , Variação Contingente Negativa/fisiologia , Eletromiografia , Potenciais Evocados/fisiologia , Feminino , Objetivos , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Tempo de Reação/fisiologia , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes , Percepção Visual , Adulto Jovem
20.
Biol Psychol ; 133: 44-53, 2018 03.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29391180

RESUMO

We investigated whether the late posterior negativity (LPN) is a component linked to stimulus retrieval or rather to complex, higher-order stimulus evaluation processes or response preparation processes. Participants performed three separate tasks across separate sessions: an encoding task, a memory recognition task, and a visual discrimination task. In the visual discrimination task, the difficulty of stimulus evaluation was manipulated via stimuli varying in complexity (easy vs. moderately difficult) and duration of stimulus presentation (short vs. long). Three indices of the LPN peak were examined: amplitude, latency, and width. The LPN was present in all three tasks, with maximum amplitudes at occipital sites. Results of the visual discrimination task showed that the LPN amplitude is modulated by task difficulty. No latency differences were observed between short and long presentations, suggesting that the LPN is not related to response preparation. Consequently, we compared the LPN associated with short presentations of easy and difficult stimuli with the LPN of the encoding and memory task. The LPN amplitude was more negative in the memory task compared to the other tasks. Latency and width of the LPN were modulated by stimulus complexity, with increased latency and width in the encoding and memory task relative to the visual discrimination task. Overall, these findings suggest that the LPN is not a component linked to stimulus retrieval and response preparation, but rather to complex, higher-order stimulus evaluation processes, which are modulated by task difficulty.


Assuntos
Variação Contingente Negativa/fisiologia , Memória Episódica , Análise e Desempenho de Tarefas , Percepção Visual/fisiologia , Adulto , Eletroencefalografia , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Estimulação Luminosa/métodos , Tempo de Reação/fisiologia , Adulto Jovem
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