RESUMO
Tumors are composed of phenotypically heterogeneous cell populations. The nongenomic mechanisms underlying transitions and interactions between cell populations are largely unknown. Here, we show that diffuse large B-cell lymphomas possess a self-organized infrastructure comprising side population (SP) and non-SP cells, where transitions between clonogenic states are modulated by exosome-mediated Wnt signaling. DNA methylation modulated SP-non-SP transitions and was correlated with the reciprocal expressions of Wnt signaling pathway agonist Wnt3a in SP cells and the antagonist secreted frizzled-related protein 4 in non-SP cells. Lymphoma SP cells exhibited autonomous clonogenicity and exported Wnt3a via exosomes to neighboring cells, thus modulating population equilibrium in the tumor.
Assuntos
Proliferação de Células , Células Clonais/patologia , Exossomos/fisiologia , Linfoma Difuso de Grandes Células B/patologia , Células-Tronco Neoplásicas/patologia , Via de Sinalização Wnt/fisiologia , Contagem de Células , Progressão da Doença , Células HEK293 , Homeostase/fisiologia , Humanos , Linfoma Difuso de Grandes Células B/metabolismo , Transporte Proteico , Células Tumorais CultivadasRESUMO
Airway and thoracic ultrasound applications can provide critical information to improve patient safety for procedures and management of pulmonary conditions. Emergency physicians should utilize airway ultrasound in the preparation for an anatomically and/or physiologically difficult airway, which may include site demarcation for surgical airway planning. Thoracic ultrasound is useful in the prompt evaluation of a dyspneic patient. This article underscores the crucial role of airway and thoracic ultrasound in emergency medicine, emphasizing its utility for assessing difficult airways, planning surgical airways, and promptly evaluating dyspneic patients.