Efficacy and safety of ultrasound-guided quadratus lumborum block in patients receiving percutaneous nephrolithotomy under general anaesthesia.

PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to explore the overall efficacy and safety of ultrasound-guided quadratus lumborum block combined with general anaesthesia in patients undergoing percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL). METHODS: The study included 76 patients who underwent PCNL at our hospital between October 2018 and October 2019. The patients were randomly divided into the study group (ultrasound-guided quadratus lumborum block combined with general anaesthesia, 38 cases) and the control group (general anaesthesia, 38 cases). The intra-operative estimated blood loss, operative time and intra-operative anaesthetic usage were recorded. Moreover, the effective pressing times of the posterior cerebral artery (PCA) and the dosage of sufentanil in patient-controlled intravenous analgesia (PCIA) were observed within 48 hours after operation. RESULTS: The dosage of propofol and remifentanil, the time of intestinal exhaust recovery time and the hospital study in the study group were lower than those in the control group. The HR and MAP of the two groups, with a trend towards gradual decrease at T0 and T1, were lower than those at T0. At 2, 6, 8 and 24 hours after operation, the visual analogue scale/score (VAS) of the study group was lower than that of the control group. The analgesic rescue rate, the dosage of sufentanil and the effective PCA compression times in the study group were lower than those in the control group. The total incidence of adverse reactions in postanaesthesia care unit in the study group was significantly lower than that in the control group (8/38 vs 18/38). CONCLUSION: The combination of ultrasound-guided quadratus lumborum block and general anaesthesia effectively exerts beneficial outcomes in terms of validly reducing the dose of tranquilisers and anaesthetic analgesics during PCNL, which is able to treat patients with anaesthetic mode of low opioids.

NORMAL VAGINAL BACTERIAL FLORA OF GIANT PANDAS (AILUROPODA MELANOLEUCA) AND THE ANTIMICROBIAL SUSCEPTIBILITY PATTERNS OF THE ISOLATES.

In order to study the typical vaginal bacterial flora of giant pandas (Ailuropoda melanoleuca), we took vaginal swabs for the sake of bacterial isolation, from 24 healthy female giant pandas. A total of 203 isolates were identified, representing a total of 17 bacterial species. The most common bacteria isolated were Lactobacillus spp. (54.2%, 13 of 24), followed by Staphylococcus epidermidis (41.7%, 10 of 24) and Escherichia coli (33.3%, 8 of 24). Some opportunistic pathogenic bacteria, such as Peptostreptococcus spp., Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Proteus mirabilis, were also isolated but showed no pathology. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing of aerobic bacterial isolates was performed with disk diffusion method. Of the 152 isolates, resistance was most frequently observed with chloramphenicol (17.8%), followed by tetracycline (14.5%), ciprofloxacin (12.5%), streptomycin (11.8%), and florfenicol (11.8%), while 7.2% were multidrug resistant. This is the first report of the normal vaginal culturable bacterial flora of giant pandas, followed by the antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of the isolates.

NORMAL VAGINAL BACTERIAL FLORA OF GIANT PANDAS (AILUROPODA MELANOLEUCA) AND THE ANTIMICROBIAL SUSCEPTIBILITY PATTERNS OF THE ISOLATES.

To study the typical vaginal bacterial flora of giant pandas (Ailuropoda melanoleuca), we took vaginal swabs for the sake of bacterial isolation, from 24 healthy female giant pandas. A total of 203 isolates were identified, representing a total of 17 bacterial species. The most common bacteria isolated were Lactobacillus spp. (54.2%, 13/24), followed by Staphylococcus epidermidis (41.7%, 10/24) and Escherichia coli (33.3%, 8/24). Some opportunistic pathogenic bacteria, such as Peptostreptococcus spp., Klebsiella pneumoniae , and Proteus mirabilis , were also isolated but showed no pathology. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing of aerobic bacterial isolates was performed with the disk diffusion method. Of the 152 isolates, resistance was most frequently observed with chloramphenicol (17.8%), followed by tetracycline (14.5%), ciprofloxacin (12.5%), streptomycin (11.8%), and florfenicol (11.8%), whereas 7.2% were multidrug resistant. This is the first report of the normal culturable vaginal bacterial flora of giant pandas and the antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of the isolates.