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1.
Am J Kidney Dis ; 65(2): 177-205, 2015 Feb.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-25511161

RESUMO

We congratulate the KDIGO (Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes) work group on their comprehensive work in a broad subject area and agreed with many of the recommendations in their clinical practice guideline on the evaluation and management of chronic kidney disease. We concur with the KDIGO definitions and classification of kidney disease and welcome the addition of albuminuria categories at all levels of glomerular filtration rate (GFR), the terminology of G categories rather than stages to describe level of GFR, the division of former stage 3 into new G categories 3a and 3b, and the addition of the underlying diagnosis. We agree with the use of the heat map to illustrate the relative contributions of low GFR and albuminuria to cardiovascular and renal risk, though we thought that the highest risk category was too broad, including as it does people at disparate levels of risk. We add an albuminuria category A4 for nephrotic-range proteinuria and D and T categories for patients on dialysis or with a functioning renal transplant. We recommend target blood pressure of 140/90mm Hg regardless of diabetes or proteinuria, and against the combination of angiotensin receptor blockers with angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors. We recommend against routine protein restriction. We concur on individualization of hemoglobin A1c targets. We do not agree with routine restriction of sodium intake to <2g/d, instead suggesting reduction of sodium intake in those with high intake (>3.3g/d). We suggest screening for anemia only when GFR is <30mL/min/1.73m(2). We recognize the absence of evidence on appropriate phosphate targets and methods of achieving them and do not agree with suggestions in this area. In drug dosing, we agree with the recommendation of using absolute clearance (ie, milliliters per minute), calculated from the patient's estimated GFR (which is normalized to 1.73m(2)) and the patient's actual anthropomorphic body surface area. We agree with referral to a nephrologist when GFR is <30mL/min/1.73m(2) (and for many other scenarios), but suggest urine albumin-creatinine ratio > 60mg/mmol or proteinuria with protein excretion > 1g/d as the referral threshold for proteinuria.


Assuntos
Gerenciamento Clínico , Nefrologia/normas , Guias de Prática Clínica como Assunto/normas , Insuficiência Renal Crônica/diagnóstico , Insuficiência Renal Crônica/terapia , Sociedades Médicas/normas , Canadá/epidemiologia , Humanos , Nefrologia/métodos , Insuficiência Renal Crônica/epidemiologia , Resultado do Tratamento
2.
Can J Kidney Health Dis ; 7: 2054358120944271, 2020.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32821415

RESUMO

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: (1) To provide commentary on the 2017 update to the Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) 2017 Clinical Practice Guideline Update for the Diagnosis, Evaluation, Prevention, and Treatment of Chronic Kidney Disease-Mineral and Bone Disorder (CKD-MBD); (2) to apply the evidence-based guideline update for implementation within the Canadian health care system; (3) to provide comment on the care of children with chronic kidney disease (CKD); and (4) to identify research priorities for Canadian patients. SOURCES OF INFORMATION: The KDIGO 2017 Clinical Practice Guideline Update for the Diagnosis, Evaluation, Prevention, and Treatment of CKD-MBD. METHODS: The commentary committee co-chairs selected potential members based on their knowledge of the Canadian kidney community, aiming for wide representation from relevant disciplines, academic and community centers, and different geographical regions. KEY FINDINGS: We agreed with many of the recommendations in the clinical practice guideline on the diagnosis, evaluation, prevention, and treatment of CKD-MBD. However, based on the uncommon occurrence of abnormalities in calcium and phosphate and the low likelihood of severe abnormalities in parathyroid hormone (PTH), we recommend against screening and monitoring levels of calcium, phosphate, PTH, and alkaline phosphatase in adults with CKD G3. We suggest and recommend monitoring these parameters in adults with CKD G4 and G5, respectively. In children, we agree that monitoring for CKD-MBD should begin in CKD G2, but we suggest measuring ionized calcium, rather than total calcium or calcium adjusted for albumin. With regard to vitamin D, we suggest against routine screening for vitamin D deficiency in adults with CKD G3-G5 and G1T-G5T and suggest following population health recommendations for adequate vitamin D intake. We recommend that the measurement and management of bone mineral density (BMD) be according to general population guidelines in CKD G3 and G3T, but we suggest against routine BMD testing in CKD G4-G5, CKD G4T-5T, and in children with CKD. Based on insufficient data, we also recommend against routine bone biopsy in clinical practice for adults with CKD or CKD-T, or in children with CKD, although we consider it an important research tool. LIMITATIONS: The committee relied on the evidence summaries produced by KDIGO. The CSN committee did not replicate or update the systematic reviews.


JUSTIFICATION: (1) Commenter les recommandations du KDIGO 2017 (Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcomes) sur les bonnes pratiques cliniques pour le diagnostic, l'évaluation et le traitement des troubles du métabolisme minéral osseux associés aux maladies rénales chroniques (TMO-MRC); (2) appliquer les lignes directrices actualisées et fondées sur les données probantes en vue de leur mise en œuvre dans le système de soins de santé canadien; (3) commenter les soins prodigués aux enfants atteints d'insuffisance rénale chronique (IRC) et (4) définir les priorités de recherche des patients Canadiens. SOURCES: Les recommandations du KDIGO 2017 (Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcomes) sur les bonnes pratiques cliniques pour le diagnostic, l'évaluation et le traitement des troubles du métabolisme minéral osseux associés aux maladies rénales chroniques (TMO-MRC). MÉTHODOLOGIE: Les coprésidents du comité ont sélectionné les membres potentiels sur la base de leur connaissance du secteur de la santé rénale au Canada, tout en visant une bonne représentation de toutes les disciplines concernées, des centres universitaires et communautaires et des différentes régions géographiques. PRINCIPAUX COMMENTAIRES: Nous approuvons un grand nombre des recommandations du KDIGO. Cependant, compte tenu de la rareté des anomalies du calcium et du phosphate et de la faible probabilité d'anomalies graves de la PTH (hormone parathyroïde), nous déconseillons le dépistage et la surveillance des taux de calcium, de phosphate, de PTH et de phosphatase alcaline chez les adultes atteints d'IRC de stade G3. Nous suggérons de mesurer ces paramètres chez les adultes de stade G4 et nous le recommandons pour les patients de stade G5. Chez les enfants, nous appuyons la recommandation de commencer la surveillance des TMO-MRC dès le stade G2, mais nous suggérons de mesurer le calcium ionisé plutôt que les taux de calcium total ou de calcium corrigé en fonction de l'albumine. En ce qui concerne la vitamine D, nous déconseillons le dépistage de routine des carences chez les adultes atteints d'IRC de stade G3 à G5 et G1T à G5T; nous suggérons plutôt de suivre les recommandations visant la population générale pour un apport adéquat en vitamine D. Nous recommandons que la mesure et la prise en charge de la densité minérale osseuse (DMO) se fassent en suivant les recommandations pour la population générale chez les adultes atteints d'IRC de stade G3 et G3T, mais nous déconseillons les tests de DMO de routine chez les adultes de stades G4-G5 et G4T-G5T, de même que chez les enfants atteints d'IRC. En raison de données insuffisantes, nous déconseillons également la pratique systématique d'une biopsie osseuse chez les adultes atteints d'IRC ou d'IRC-TMO, ainsi que chez les enfants atteints d'IRC, bien que nous la considérions comme un important outil de recherche. LIMITES: Le comité s'est appuyé sur le résumé des preuves rédigé par le KDIGO. Le comité de la SCN n'a pas reproduit ou mis à jour les revues systématiques.

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