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1.
Can Vet J ; 65(1): 75-78, 2024 Jan.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38164374

RESUMO

Objective: The objective of this study was to monitor Streptococcus suis fecal shedding in nursery pigs on a farm with a history of S. suis disease involving serotypes 2 and 9. Animal and procedure: Four cohorts of pigs (n = 480) were monitored from weaning to end of nursery. Rectal swabs from 297 pigs were tested and S. suis serotypes 15 (n = 7), 31 (n = 3), or untypeable (n = 6) isolates were recovered from 16 (5.4%) pigs. Results: There was no significant association between S. suis fecal shedding and diarrhea. Streptococcus suis isolates recovered from pigs euthanized due to neurological signs or severe lameness were serotypes 9 (meninges) and 31 (tonsil) or untypeable (meninges, tonsil). Serotypes 9 (meninges, tonsil), 15 (spleen, tonsil), 16 (tonsil), 29 and 33 (nasal swabs), and untypeable (meninges, tonsil, and lung) isolates were identified in lame pigs. Conclusion and clinical relevance: These results suggest that feces may not be a source of infection for the S. suis serotypes producing disease in pigs; however, the association between S. suis fecal shedding and diarrhea needs further investigation. The coincidence of untypeable isolates in feces from healthy pigs and their isolation from meninges of pigs with neurological signs warrants further investigation to determine the molecular characteristics of those isolates.


Une enquête sur l'excrétion fécale des sérotypes de Streptococcus suis chez les porcelets en pouponnière. Objectif: L'objectif de cette étude était de surveiller l'excrétion fécale de Streptococcus suis chez des porcelets en pouponnière dans une ferme ayant des antécédents de maladie à S. suis impliquant les sérotypes 2 et 9. Animal et procédure: Quatre cohortes de porcs (n = 480) ont été suivies du sevrage jusqu'à la fin de la période en pouponnière. Des écouvillons rectaux provenant de 297 porcs ont été testés et des isolats de S. suis des sérotypes 15 (n = 7), 31 (n = 3) ou non-typables (n = 6) ont été récupérés chez 16 (5,4 %) porcs. Résultats: Il n'y avait aucune association significative entre l'excrétion fécale de S. suis et la diarrhée. Les isolats de S. suis récupérés chez des porcs euthanasiés en raison de signes neurologiques ou d'une boiterie sévère étaient de sérotypes 9 (méninges) et 31 (amygdales) ou non-typables (méninges, amygdales). Les sérotypes 9 (méninges, amygdales), 15 (rate, amygdales), 16 (amygdales), 29 et 33 (écouvillonnages nasaux) et des isolats non-typables (méninges, amygdales et poumons) ont été identifiés chez des porcs boitant. Conclusion et pertinence clinique: Ces résultats suggèrent que les matières fécales pourraient ne pas être une source d'infection pour les sérotypes de S. suis produisant des maladies chez les porcs; cependant, l'association entre l'excrétion fécale de S. suis et la diarrhée nécessite des recherches plus approfondies. La coïncidence d'isolats non-typables dans les selles de porcs sains et leur isolement dans les méninges de porcs présentant des signes neurologiques justifient des recherches plus approfondies pour déterminer les caractéristiques moléculaires de ces isolats.(Traduit par Dr Serge Messier).


Assuntos
Infecções Estreptocócicas , Streptococcus suis , Doenças dos Suínos , Suínos , Animais , Sorogrupo , Infecções Estreptocócicas/veterinária , Diarreia/veterinária
2.
Can Vet J ; 65(1): 42-48, 2024 Jan.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38164378

RESUMO

Animal and objective: The objectives of this study were to produce hematological reference intervals for late-pregnancy sows and to assess whether there were associations between sow hematological end points and the number of stillborn pigs. Procedure: Whole blood was collected from 272 healthy pregnant sows ~1 wk before farrowing, and complete blood (cell) counts and hemoglobin determinations were obtained. Sows were monitored during farrowing, and litter characteristics, including number of stillborn piglets, were recorded. Results and conclusion: Values for red blood cells, hemoglobin, mean corpuscular volume, mean corpuscular hemoglobin, mean corpuscular concentration, platelets, and white blood cells were significantly higher in Parity 1 sows compared to older sows. The mean (± SD) litter size was 14.5 ± 3.4 pigs, with 1.5 ± 2.0 stillborn pigs per litter. There was no significant association between any hematological end point (except white blood cell counts) and the likelihood of a stillborn piglet in a litter. There was a relationship between parity and stillbirth (P < 0.05), with higher-parity sows being more likely than younger sows to produce a stillborn piglet. Although it had been reported that anemic sows were more likely to have stillbirths, perhaps the relatively high mean hemoglobin concentration of sows in this study resulted in the lack of a relationship.


Paramètres hématologiques des truies en fin de gestation et enquête visant à déterminer si ces paramètres sont des prédicteurs de mortinatalités dans un troupeau de truies canadien. Animal et objectif: Les objectifs de cette étude étaient de produire des intervalles de référence hématologiques pour les truies en fin de gestation et d'évaluer s'il existait des associations entre les paramètres hématologiques des truies et le nombre de porcelets mort-nés. Procédure: Du sang total a été collecté auprès de 272 truies gravides en bonne santé environ 1 semaine avant la mise bas, et une numération cellulaire complète et des déterminations d'hémoglobine ont été obtenues. Les truies ont été surveillées pendant la mise bas et les caractéristiques de la portée, y compris le nombre de porcelets mort-nés, ont été enregistrées. Résultats et conclusion: Les valeurs des globules rouges, de l'hémoglobine, du volume corpusculaire moyen, de l'hémoglobine corpusculaire moyenne, de la concentration corpusculaire moyenne, des plaquettes et des globules blancs étaient significativement plus élevées chez les truies de parité 1 que chez les truies plus âgées. La taille moyenne (± ET) des portées était de 14,5 ± 3,4 porcs, avec 1,5 ± 2,0 porcs mort-nés par portée. Il n'y avait aucune association significative entre un quelconque paramètre hématologique (à l'exception du nombre de globules blancs) et la probabilité d'avoir un porcelet mort-né dans une portée. Il y avait une relation entre la parité et la mortinatalité (P < 0,05), les truies ayant une parité plus élevée étant plus susceptibles que les truies plus jeunes de produire un porcelet mort-né. Bien qu'il ait été rapporté que les truies anémiques étaient plus susceptibles d'avoir des mortinatalités, la concentration moyenne d'hémoglobine relativement élevée des truies dans cette étude a peut-être entraîné l'absence de relation.(Traduit par Dr Serge Messier).


Assuntos
Hemoglobinas , Natimorto , Gravidez , Suínos , Animais , Feminino , Natimorto/epidemiologia , Natimorto/veterinária , Canadá , Tamanho da Ninhada de Vivíparos , Paridade , Lactação
3.
Can Vet J ; 64(4): 329-336, 2023 04.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37008641

RESUMO

Objectives: Pigs often experience slow growth and enteric disease problems during the early post-weaning period. The objectives were to evaluate effects of a live oral E. coli vaccine on post-weaning diarrhea under on-farm conditions and to assess impacts of diet composition on growth and enteric health in the early nursery phase of production. Procedures and results: In a series of trials, even when enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC) was present, post-weaning diarrhea was usually associated with other causes and not ETEC. Therefore, an E. coli vaccination program had no benefit in either reducing clinical signs of diarrhea or in improving growth rate of pigs in the nursery. Conversely, under the same conditions, feeding programs affected both clinical signs of diarrhea and growth rate. Pigs fed a 4-phase program that transitioned from a diet containing a relatively high proportion of animal-based protein to a feed consisting of plant-based protein performed better than pigs receiving lower-complexity diets. However, there was evidence of compensatory growth in pigs fed low-complexity diets, albeit not consistently in all trials. Conclusion and clinical relevance: It was concluded that early nursery diet can help to reduce post-weaning diarrhea and improve growth performance.


Enquêtes sur les effets de la vaccination contreEscherichia coli et de la composition du régime alimentaire sur la diarrhée post-sevrage et les performances de croissance chez les porcs. Objectifs: Les porcs connaissent souvent une croissance lente et des problèmes de maladies entériques au début de la période post-sevrage. Les objectifs étaient d'évaluer les effets d'un vaccin oral vivant contre E. coli sur la diarrhée post-sevrage dans des conditions à la ferme et d'évaluer les impacts de la composition du régime alimentaire sur la croissance et la santé entérique au début de la phase de production en pouponnière. Procédures et résultats: Dans une série d'essais, même en présence d'E. coli entérotoxinogène (ETEC), la diarrhée post-sevrage était généralement associée à d'autres causes et non à l'ETEC. Par conséquent, un programme de vaccination contre E. coli n'a eu aucun effet bénéfique sur la réduction des signes cliniques de diarrhée ou sur l'amélioration du taux de croissance des porcs en pouponnière. Inversement, dans les mêmes conditions, les programmes d'alimentation ont affecté à la fois les signes cliniques de diarrhée et le taux de croissance. Les porcs nourris avec un programme en quatre phases qui sont passés d'un régime contenant une proportion relativement élevée de protéines animales à un aliment composé de protéines végétales ont obtenu de meilleurs résultats que les porcs recevant des régimes moins complexes. Cependant, il y avait des preuves d'une croissance compensatoire chez les porcs nourris avec des régimes à faible complexité, mais pas de manière constante dans tous les essais. Conclusion et pertinence clinique: Il a été conclu que l'alimentation précoce en pouponnière peut aider à réduire la diarrhée post-sevrage et à améliorer les performances de croissance.(Traduit par Dr Serge Messier).


Assuntos
Infecções por Escherichia coli , Doenças dos Suínos , Animais , Suínos , Desmame , Escherichia coli , Infecções por Escherichia coli/prevenção & controle , Infecções por Escherichia coli/veterinária , Diarreia/prevenção & controle , Diarreia/veterinária , Dieta/veterinária , Vacinação/veterinária , Ração Animal/análise , Doenças dos Suínos/prevenção & controle
4.
Can Vet J ; 63(7): 727-734, 2022 07.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35784780

RESUMO

Objective: The objective was to evaluate the pharmacokinetics of compounding non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) meloxicam or flunixin meglumine with iron dextran (ID) in piglets. Animal: Forty piglets (8 d of age) were randomly allocated into 5 groups (8 piglets/group) and received 1 intramuscular injection in the neck of the following treatments: flunixin meglumine (2.2 mg/kg) administered alone (F) or mixed with ID (F+ID); or meloxicam (0.4 mg/kg) administered alone (M) or mixed with ID (M+ID); or ID alone. Procedure: Blood samples were collected via indwelling jugular catheters at pre-dose, and 10, 20, 30, 45, and 60 min, and 2, 4, 8, 12, 24, 36, 48, and 72 h post-treatment to determine plasma NSAIDs concentrations using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Pharmacokinetic parameters for plasma meloxicam and flunixin meglumine concentration-time profiles were determined for each piglet using noncompartmental analysis approaches. Statistical analyses were performed using SAS software with significance set at P < 0.05. Results: The AUC0-tlast, AUC0-∞, Cmax, and relative bioavailability values in the M+ID and F+ID groups were lower than corresponding M and F groups. The M+ID group elimination half-life was lower, whereas λz and tmax values were greater than the corresponding M group. Conclusion: Relative bioavailability of meloxicam and flunixin meglumine were reduced when compounded with ID in the same bottle and administered to piglets. Clinical relevance: Further research is warranted to evaluate if decreased NSAID exposure when compounded with ID alters analgesic efficacy or drug residue depletion.


Objectif: L'objectif était d'évaluer la pharmacocinétique de la combinaison d'anti-inflammatoires non stéroïdiens (NSAID) méloxicam ou flunixine méglumine avec du fer dextran (ID) chez les porcelets. Animal: Quarante porcelets (âgés de 8 jours) ont été répartis au hasard en cinq groupes (8 porcelets/groupe) et ont reçu une injection intramusculaire dans le cou des traitements suivants : flunixine méglumine (2,2 mg/kg) administrée seule (F) ou mélangée avec ID (F+ID); soit du méloxicam (0,4 mg/kg) administré seul (M) ou en mélange avec ID (M+ID); ou du ID seul. Procédure: Des échantillons de sang ont été prélevés via des cathéters jugulaires à demeure à la pré-dose, et 10, 20, 30, 45 et 60 min, et 2, 4, 8, 12, 24, 36, 48 et 72 h après le traitement pour déterminer la concentration plasmatique de NSAID par chromatographie liquide-spectrométrie de masse en tandem. Les paramètres pharmacocinétiques des profils concentration-temps du méloxicam et de la flunixine méglumine plasmatiques ont été déterminés pour chaque porcelet à l'aide d'approches d'analyse non compartimentale. Les analyses statistiques ont été effectuées à l'aide du logiciel SAS avec un seuil de signification fixé à P < 0,05. Résultats: Les valeurs AUC0­tlast, AUC0­∞, Cmax et de biodisponibilité relative dans les groupes M+ID et F+ID étaient inférieures à celles des groupes M et F correspondants. La demi-vie d'élimination du groupe M+ID était plus faible, tandis que les valeurs λz et tmax étaient supérieures à celles du groupe M correspondant. Conclusion: La biodisponibilité relative du méloxicam et de la méglumine de flunixine était réduite lorsqu'ils étaient combinés avec ID dans le même flacon et administrés aux porcelets. Pertinence clinique: Des recherches supplémentaires sont nécessaires pour évaluer si une diminution de l'exposition aux NSAID lorsqu'elle est associée à une ID modifie l'efficacité analgésique ou l'épuisement des résidus de médicaments.(Traduit par Dr Serge Messier).


Assuntos
Anti-Inflamatórios não Esteroides , Dextranos , Animais , Clonixina/análogos & derivados , Ferro , Meloxicam , Suínos
5.
Can Vet J ; 63(8): 835-840, 2022 08.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35919461

RESUMO

This case study describes a severe tail-biting event on a multi-site swine operation in Ontario and outlines the management strategies implemented in an attempt to control the problem. An established social order was clearly present before the tail-biting event occurred. Over 40% of tail-docked pigs in 3 of 8 grower-finisher barns were severely affected, leading to higher mortality and increased numbers of pigs re-housed in hospital pens. Environmental factors, management practices, and animal health in the barns experiencing the tail-biting event are described, including detection of the mycotoxin deoxynivalenol in corn at > 2 ppm. Changes implemented in response to tail-biting included altering the phase-feeding schedule, adding enrichment devices, and increasing surveillance. The subsequent cohort of pigs was followed through the finisher barns and did not engage in the same severity or prevalence of tail-biting as the previous cohort of pigs which experienced the tail-biting event. Key clinical message: No single factor was identified as the initiating cause for the severe tail-biting event. The subsequent cohort of pigs in 4 barns of the same operation were monitored for tail-biting from entry until market, and the incidence of tail-biting was very low.


Un cas de caudophagie dans une exploitation porcine à sites multiples en Ontario. Cette étude de cas décrit un cas grave de caudophagie dans une exploitation porcine à sites multiples en Ontario et décrit les stratégies de gestion mises en oeuvre pour tenter de limiter le problème. Un ordre social établi était clairement présent avant que l'événement de mordillage de queue ne se produise. Plus de 40 % des porcs à la queue coupée dans trois des huit élevages de type croissance-finition ont été gravement touchés, ce qui a entraîné une mortalité plus élevée et un nombre accru de porcs relogés dans des enclos hospitaliers. Les facteurs environnementaux, les pratiques de gestion et la santé animale dans les porcheries où sévissaient la caudophagie sont décrits, y compris la détection de la mycotoxine désoxynivalénol dans le maïs à > 2 ppm. Les changements mis en oeuvre en réponse à la caudophagie comprenaient la modification du calendrier d'alimentation par phases, l'ajout de dispositifs d'enrichissement et l'augmentation de la surveillance. La cohorte suivante de porcs a été suivie dans les porcheries de finition et n'a pas eu la même gravité ou prévalence de caudophagie que la cohorte précédente de porcs qui ont subi l'événement de caudophagie.Message clinique clé :Aucun facteur unique n'a été identifié comme la cause initiale de l'événement grave de caudophagie. La cohorte suivante de porcs dans quatre porcheries de la même exploitation a été surveillée pour la caudophagie depuis l'entrée jusqu'au marché, et l'incidence de la caudophagie était très faible.(Traduit par Dr Serge Messier).


Assuntos
Mordeduras e Picadas , Doenças dos Suínos , Criação de Animais Domésticos , Bem-Estar do Animal , Animais , Comportamento Animal , Mordeduras e Picadas/veterinária , Humanos , Incidência , Ontário , Suínos , Cauda/cirurgia
6.
BMC Vet Res ; 17(1): 82, 2021 Feb 17.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33596907

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Respiratory diseases are among the most important factors affecting swine farm productivity in Canada. The objectives of this study were to investigate antibody responses to porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV), influenza A virus (IAV), and Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae (M. hyopneumoniae) from weaning to the end of the finisher stage on a subset of commercial swine farms in Ontario, Canada, and to examine the association between nursery diet and antibody responses. RESULTS: Overall, older pigs were more likely to test seropositive for PRRSV and less likely to test seropositive for M. hyopneumoniae (p <  0.001). Pigs were more likely to test seropositive for IAV at weaning and the end of the grower and finisher stages compared to the end of nursery (p <  0.001). Pigs that were seropositive for IAV were more likely to test seropositive for both PRRSV and M. hyopneumoniae (p <  0.001). Two, 9, and 4 groups that had more than 20% of pigs seropositive to PRRSV, IAV, and M. hyopneumoniae, respectively, from the end of nursery to the end of finisher were classified as seropositive. Pigs fed a plant-based (low complexity) diet during nursery were more likely to be seropositive for PRRSV (p <  0.001) but there were no significant differences in seropositivity to IAV or M. hyopneumoniae due to nursery diet complexity. CONCLUSIONS: This study provides information regarding changes in serum antibody in pigs across different stages of production and highlights periods of vulnerability. Additionally, these findings may encourage further research into the effects of nursery diet complexity on disease susceptibility and immune response.


Assuntos
Dieta/veterinária , Infecções por Orthomyxoviridae/veterinária , Pneumonia Suína Micoplasmática/imunologia , Síndrome Respiratória e Reprodutiva Suína/imunologia , Doenças dos Suínos/imunologia , Ração Animal/análise , Criação de Animais Domésticos/métodos , Animais , Anticorpos Antibacterianos/sangue , Anticorpos Antivirais/sangue , Formação de Anticorpos , Vírus da Influenza A/isolamento & purificação , Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae/isolamento & purificação , Ontário/epidemiologia , Infecções por Orthomyxoviridae/imunologia , Vírus da Síndrome Respiratória e Reprodutiva Suína/isolamento & purificação , Suínos , Doenças dos Suínos/epidemiologia , Doenças dos Suínos/microbiologia , Doenças dos Suínos/virologia
7.
Can Vet J ; 62(11): 1211-1218, 2021 11.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34728849

RESUMO

In Canada, piglets receive analgesia to control pain after surgical castration. There is interest in examining the potential to mix non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs with iron dextran prior to injection to minimize piglet handling and labor. The objective of this study was to compare pharmacokinetics and the relative bioavailability of ketoprofen given alone (3.0 mg/kg IM) versus the same dose of ketoprofen mixed with iron dextran (52.8 mg/kg IM) (ketoprofen + iron dextran) before injection in piglets. Piglets 8 to 11 d old were allocated into 2 treatment groups (n = 8/group). Plasma drug concentrations were measured using mass spectrometry at 13 time points after injection. No significant differences were detected between the 2 groups when examining pharmacokinetic parameters (e.g., Cmax, Tmax, AUC) or relative bioavailability for either S- or R-ketoprofen enantiomers (P > 0.05). However, pain control efficacy and food safety studies of these formulations are required to further examine this practice.


Pharmacocinétique et biodisponibilité du kétoprofène lorsque mélangé avec du fer dextran pour utilisation chez les porcelets allaitants. Au Canada, les porcelets reçoivent une analgésie pour diminuer la douleur après une castration chirurgicale. Il y a un intérêt à examiner la possibilité de mélanger des anti-inflammatoires non stéroïdiens avec du fer dextran avant l'injection afin de minimiser la manipulation des porcelets et le travail. L'objectif de cette étude était de comparer la pharmacocinétique et la biodisponibilité relative du kétoprofène administré seul (3,0 mg/kg IM) par rapport à la même dose de kétoprofène mélangé à du fer dextran (52,8 mg/kg IM) (kétoprofène + fer dextran) avant l'injection des porcelets. Des porcelets âgés de 8 à 11 jours ont été répartis en deux groupes de traitement (n = 8/groupe). Les concentrations plasmatiques de médicament ont été mesurées par spectrométrie de masse à 13 moments dans le temps après l'injection. Aucune différence significative n'a été détectée entre les deux groupes lors de l'examen des paramètres pharmacocinétiques (par ex., Cmax, Tmax, AUC) ou de la biodisponibilité relative pour les énantiomères S- ou R-kétoprofène (P > 0,05). Cependant, des études sur l'efficacité de la diminution de la douleur et la sécurité alimentaire de ces formulations sont nécessaires pour examiner de manière plus approfondie cette pratique.(Traduit par Dr Serge Messier).


Assuntos
Cetoprofeno , Animais , Anti-Inflamatórios não Esteroides/uso terapêutico , Disponibilidade Biológica , Dextranos , Ferro , Suínos
8.
BMC Vet Res ; 16(1): 138, 2020 May 15.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32414370

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Salmonella enterica serovars are a major cause of foodborne illness and have a substantial impact on global human health. In Canada, Salmonella is commonly found on swine farms and the increasing concern about drug use and antimicrobial resistance associated with Salmonella has promoted research into alternative control methods, including selecting for pig genotypes associated with resistance to Salmonella. The objective of this study was to identify single-nucleotide variants in the pig genome associated with Salmonella susceptibility using a genome-wide association approach. Repeated blood and fecal samples were collected from 809 pigs in 14 groups on farms and tonsils and lymph nodes were collected at slaughter. Sera were analyzed for Salmonella IgG antibodies by ELISA and feces and tissues were cultured for Salmonella. Pig DNA was genotyped using a custom 54 K single-nucleotide variant oligo array and logistic mixed-models used to identify SNVs associated with IgG seropositivity, shedding, and tissue colonization. RESULTS: Variants in/near PTPRJ (p = 0.0000066), ST6GALNAC3 (p = 0.0000099), and DCDC2C (n = 3, p < 0.0000086) were associated with susceptibility to Salmonella, while variants near AKAP12 (n = 3, p < 0.0000358) and in RALGAPA2 (p = 0.0000760) may be associated with susceptibility. CONCLUSIONS: Further study of the variants and genes identified may improve our understanding of neutrophil recruitment, intracellular killing of bacteria, and/or susceptibility to Salmonella and may help future efforts to reduce Salmonella on-farm through genetic approaches.


Assuntos
Polimorfismo de Nucleotídeo Único , Salmonelose Animal/genética , Salmonella/isolamento & purificação , Sus scrofa/genética , Animais , Derrame de Bactérias , Canadá , Fezes/microbiologia , Estudo de Associação Genômica Ampla/veterinária , Imunoglobulina G/análise , Linfonodos/microbiologia , Tonsila Palatina/microbiologia , Salmonella/imunologia , Salmonelose Animal/imunologia , Salmonelose Animal/microbiologia , Sus scrofa/sangue , Sus scrofa/microbiologia , Suínos , Doenças dos Suínos/genética , Doenças dos Suínos/imunologia , Doenças dos Suínos/microbiologia
9.
Foodborne Pathog Dis ; 16(3): 187-194, 2019 03.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30481060

RESUMO

Salmonella is estimated to be one of the leading causes of enteric illness worldwide. Human salmonellosis is most frequently related to contaminated food products, particularly those of animal origin, such as pork. Pigs are often asymptomatic carriers of Salmonella, highlighting the importance of identifying high-prevalence farms and effective detection methods. The objectives of this study were to investigate Salmonella antibody responses and their association with on-farm shedding and Salmonella isolation at slaughter. Fourteen groups of pigs from eight farrowing sources were followed from birth to slaughter (totaling 796 pigs). Information about farm management was collected through a questionnaire. Blood and fecal samples were collected four times at different stages of production, and palatine tonsils/submandibular lymph nodes were obtained at slaughter. Sera were tested for Salmonella antibodies by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and fecal/tissue samples were cultured for Salmonella. Data were analyzed using a mixed-effect multivariable modeling method with farm, litter, and pig as random effects. Salmonella seropositivity rates were 20.3%, 5.8%, 15.9%, and 37.3% at weaning, at the end of nursery, at end of grower, and at end of finisher, respectively. Salmonella seropositivity and shedding increased with age (p < 0.05), and pigs shedding Salmonella were more likely to test seropositive (p = 0.02). Antibody response and shedding on-farm had no significant association with isolation of Salmonella from tissues harvested at slaughter. The variation in Salmonella seropositivity due to farm was 28.9% of total variation. These findings indicate that on-farm intervention may be a more effective approach to control Salmonella and to reduce the presence of Salmonella at slaughter. Additionally, the observation that some pigs in this study were Salmonella-negative throughout production and at slaughter is promising with regard to food safety, and studies are needed to explore the genotypes of those pigs.


Assuntos
Derrame de Bactérias , Linfonodos/microbiologia , Salmonelose Animal/imunologia , Salmonella/isolamento & purificação , Doenças dos Suínos/imunologia , Animais , Anticorpos Antibacterianos/sangue , Ensaio de Imunoadsorção Enzimática , Fazendas , Fezes/microbiologia , Inocuidade dos Alimentos , Modelos Logísticos , Marketing , Análise Multivariada , Salmonelose Animal/sangue , Suínos , Doenças dos Suínos/sangue , Doenças dos Suínos/microbiologia , Desmame
10.
Can Vet J ; 60(7): 763-765, 2019 Jul.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31281195

RESUMO

The presence of a high proportion of lightweight pigs (< 4.5 kg) at weaning was identified as a problem on a 600-sow farrowing operation. An intervention strategy involving special care pens where underweight pigs were fed milk-replacer and transitioned to a commercial grain-based starter diet was evaluated and found to be of limited benefit.


Tentative d'intervention pour résoudre un problème de porcs à faible poids au sevrage. La présence d'une proportion élevée de porcs à faible poids (< 4,5 kg) au sevrage a été identifiée comme un problème dans une exploitation de mise bas de 600 truies. Une stratégie d'intervention comportant des cages de soins spéciaux, où les porcs à faible poids étaient nourris de lait de remplacement puis effectuaient la transition à une diète de départ commerciale à base de grains, a été évaluée et il a été constaté qu'elle avait des bienfaits limités.(Traduit par Isabelle Vallières).


Assuntos
Dieta , Leite , Ração Animal/análise , Animais , Feminino , Suínos , Desmame
11.
Can Vet J ; 60(5): 519-522, 2019 05.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31080266

RESUMO

Streptococcus suis isolates (N = 379) from clinically ill pigs and from healthy pigs were tested for antimicrobial susceptibility using a disk diffusion method. Isolates from clinical cases had a higher prevalence of resistance compared with isolates from healthy pigs. There was a high to moderate prevalence of resistance to antibiotics commonly used in nursery pig diets such as tetracycline (84.2%), tiamulin (65.2%), and spectinomycin (40.4%). There was a low prevalence of resistance, however, to antimicrobials that are only used as parenteral treatments and not added to feed (e.g., ceftiofur, florfenicol). These findings should help practitioners in choosing appropriate drugs for use on Ontario swine farms.


Résistance antimicrobienne des isolats de Streptococcus suis récupérés de porcs en santé à différents stades de production et de porcelets de pouponnière cliniquement malades. Des isolats de Streptococcus suis (N = 379) provenant de porcs cliniquement malades et de porcs en santé ont été testés pour la susceptibilité antimicrobienne en utilisant une méthode de diffusion par disque. Les isolats des cas cliniques avaient une prévalence accrue de résistance comparativement aux isolats de porcs en santé. Il y avait une prévalence élevée à modérée de résistance aux antibiotiques communément utilisés dans les diètes des porcelets de pouponnière, dont la tétracycline (84,2 %), la tiamuline (65,2 %) et la spectinomycine (40,4 %). Par contre, il y avait une faible prévalence de la résistance aux antimicrobiens qui étaient seulement utilisés comme traitements parentéraux et non ajoutés aux aliments (p. ex., ceftiofur, florfénicol). Ces constatations devraient aider les praticiens à choisir les médicaments appropriés pour utilisation dans les fermes porcines de l'Ontario.(Traduit par Isabelle Vallières).


Assuntos
Streptococcus suis , Doenças dos Suínos , Animais , Antibacterianos/farmacologia , Farmacorresistência Bacteriana/efeitos dos fármacos , Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana/veterinária , Ontário , Suínos
12.
Can Vet J ; 59(1): 59-65, 2018 01.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29302104

RESUMO

A clinical trial was conducted to assess the effectiveness of in-feed flavophospholipol in reducing Salmonella shedding and antimicrobial resistance (AMR) associated with Salmonella and generic Escherichia coli in naturally infected grower-finisher pigs. Pigs were obtained from a farm with a history of salmonellosis and were housed at a research facility. Over the span of 10 weeks the pigs received either a feed containing 4 ppm of flavophospholipol (treatment, n = 25) or a non-medicated feed (control, n = 20). Weekly fecal samples were collected and cultured for Salmonella and generic E. coli. A subset of Salmonella and E. coli isolates were tested for antimicrobial susceptibility. A multilevel mixed-effects logistic regression model was used to compare the prevalence of Salmonella shedding and AMR in Salmonella and E. coli isolates in treatment and control groups. Overall, the prevalence of Salmonella shedding (P > 0.05) and AMR in Salmonella (P > 0.01) and E. coli (P > 0.005) isolates was not different between the treatment and control groups.


Essai clinique étudiant l'impact du flavophospholipol dans les aliments sur l'excrétion de Salmonellaet l'antibiorésistance chez les porcs. Un essai clinique a été réalisé pour évaluer l'efficacité du flavophospholipol dans les aliments pour réduire l'excrétion de Salmonella et l'antibiorésistance associée à Salmonella et à Escherichia coli générique chez les porcs d'engraissement naturellement infectés. Les porcs obtenus provenaient d'une ferme ayant des antécédents de salmonellose et ils ont été logés à un établissement de recherche. Pendant 10 semaines, les porcs ont reçu soit des aliments contenant 4 ppm de flavophospholipol (traitement, n = 25) ou des aliments non médicamentés (témoin, n = 20). Des échantillons fécaux hebdomadaires ont été prélevés et soumis à des cultures pour Salmonella et E. coli générique. Un sous-groupe d'isolats de Salmonella et d'E. coli ont été testés pour la susceptibilité antimicrobienne. Un modèle de régression logistique à effets contrastés à plusieurs niveaux a été utilisé pour comparer la prévalence d'excrétion de Salmonella et de l'antibiorésistance dans les isolats de Salmonella et d'E. coli dans le groupe de traitement et le groupe témoin. Dans l'ensemble, la prévalence d'excrétion de Salmonella (P > 0,05) et de l'antibiorésistance des isolats de Salmonella (P > 0,01) et d'E. coli (P > 0,005) n'était pas différente entre le groupe de traitement et le groupe témoin.(Traduit par Isabelle Vallières).


Assuntos
Antibacterianos/farmacologia , Bambermicinas/farmacologia , Farmacorresistência Bacteriana , Salmonelose Animal/microbiologia , Salmonella/efeitos dos fármacos , Doenças dos Suínos/microbiologia , Ração Animal/análise , Animais , Derrame de Bactérias , Dieta/veterinária , Escherichia coli , Distribuição Aleatória , Salmonella/fisiologia , Salmonelose Animal/prevenção & controle , Suínos
13.
Can Vet J ; 59(9): 997-1000, 2018 09.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30197444

RESUMO

The purpose of the study was to identify the serotypes of Streptococcus suis from tonsil swabs in clinically ill and healthy pigs in Ontario using a multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method. Although 22 different serotypes were identified, most isolates were S. suis-like bacteria or untypable.


Étude épidémiologique des sérotypes Streptococcus suisdes porcs en Ontario déterminés par amplification en chaîne par polymérase multiplexe. Le but de cette étude consistait à identifier les sérotypes de Streptococcus suis provenant d'écouvillons des amygdales chez des porcs cliniquement malades et en santé en Ontario en utilisant une méthode multiplexe d'amplification en chaîne par polymérase (PCR). Même si 22 sérotypes différents ont été identifiés, la plupart des isolats étaient des bactéries de type S. suis ou non typables.(Traduit par Isabelle Vallières).


Assuntos
Infecções Estreptocócicas/veterinária , Streptococcus suis/isolamento & purificação , Doenças dos Suínos/epidemiologia , Suínos/microbiologia , Animais , DNA Bacteriano/análise , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase Multiplex/veterinária , Ontário , Tonsila Palatina/microbiologia , Sorogrupo , Infecções Estreptocócicas/epidemiologia , Streptococcus suis/classificação , Doenças dos Suínos/microbiologia
14.
Can Vet J ; 58(4): 371-376, 2017 Apr.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28373729

RESUMO

The evaluation of pig hematology and biochemistry parameters is rarely done largely due to the costs associated with laboratory testing and labor, and the limited availability of reference intervals needed for interpretation. Within-herd and between-herd biological variation of these values also make it difficult to establish reference intervals. Regardless, baseline reference intervals are important to aid veterinarians in the interpretation of blood parameters for the diagnosis and treatment of diseased swine. The objective of this research was to provide reference intervals for hematology and biochemistry parameters of 3-week-old commercial nursing piglets in Ontario. A total of 1032 pigs lacking clinical signs of disease from 20 swine farms were sampled for hematology and iron panel evaluation, with biochemistry analysis performed on a subset of 189 randomly selected pigs. The 95% reference interval, mean, median, range, and 90% confidence intervals were calculated for each parameter.


Intervalles de références de l'hématologie et de la biochimie pour des porcelets à l'allaitement vers le moment du sevrage dans des élevages commerciaux de l'Ontario. L'évaluation des paramètres hématologiques et biochimiques des porcs est rarement réalisée surtout en raison des coûts associés aux tests de laboratoire ainsi qu'à la main-d'œuvre et à la disponibilité limitée d'intervalles de référence requis pour l'interprétation. La variation de ces valeurs au sein de troupeaux et entre les troupeaux complique l'établissement des intervalles de référence. Néanmoins, des intervalles de référence de base sont importants pour appuyer les vétérinaires dans l'interprétation des paramètres sanguins pour le diagnostic et le traitement des porcs malades. Cette recherche avait pour objectif de fournir des intervalles de référence pour les paramètres hématologiques et biochimiques des porcelets commerciaux à l'allaitement âgés de 3 semaines en Ontario. Des échantillons ont été prélevés pour un total de 1032 porcs ne présentant pas de signes cliniques de maladie provenant de 20 fermes porcines pour une évaluation du profil d'hématologie et du fer et une analyse biochimique a été réalisée pour un sous-groupe de 189 porcs choisis au hasard. L'intervalle de référence de 95 %, la moyenne, la médiane, l'étendue de référence et les intervalles de confiance de 90 % ont été calculés pour chaque paramètre.(Traduit par Isabelle Vallières).


Assuntos
Contagem de Células Sanguíneas/veterinária , Análise Química do Sangue/veterinária , Suínos/sangue , Animais , Feminino , Masculino , Ontário , Valores de Referência
15.
Can Vet J ; 57(11): 1143-1148, 2016 Nov.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-27807376

RESUMO

The process of weaning pigs alters intestinal structures and influences piglet behavior, which can result in anorexia. When housed in large groups, affected pigs can be difficult to identify at an early stage. The clinical signs of anorexia include loss in body condition (thinness) and repetitive oral behavior (chomping). The objective of this study was to determine if pigs identified at 4 to 7 days post-weaning on the basis of clinical signs were anorexic based on elevated serum beta-hydroxybutyrate (BHB) levels (ketosis). A total of 240 pigs from 8 farms (30 pigs per farm) were selected based on observation of their abnormal oral behavior (Chomp; n = 10), poor body condition, (Thin; n = 10), or healthy appearance (Control; n = 10). Standard laboratory testing and a ketone handheld meter were used to measure BHB levels and were compared using non-parametric receiver operating characteristic analyses. Most pigs selected based on clinical signs were not anorexic as confirmed by their normal BHB levels.


Utilisation du bêta-hydroxybutyrate sérique afin de déterminer si les porcs de pouponnière, sélectionnés en se basant sur les signes cliniques, sont anorexiques. Le processus de sevrage des porcs modifie les structures intestinales et influence le comportement des porcelets, ce qui peut produire de l'anorexie. Lorsqu'ils sont logés dans de grands groupes, les porcs touchés peuvent être difficiles à identifier au début du processus. Les signes cliniques de l'anorexie incluent une perte de condition corporelle (minceur) et un comportement oral répétitif (mordillements). Cette étude avait pour objectif de déterminer si les porcs, identifiés entre 4 et 7 jours après le sevrage en se fondant sur les signes cliniques, étaient anorexiques en se basant sur des taux élevés de bêta-hydroxybutyrate sérique (BHS) (cétose). Un total de 240 porcs de 8 fermes (30 porcs par ferme) ont été choisis sur la base de l'observation de leur comportement oral anormal (mordillement; n = 10), mauvaise note d'état corporel, (mince; n = 10) ou d'apparence en santé (témoin; n = 10). Des tests de laboratoire standards et un compteur de cétone portable ont été utilisés pour mesurer les taux de BHS et ont été comparés en utilisant des analyses non paramétriques de fonction d'efficacité du récepteur. La plupart des porcs choisis en se fondant sur les signes cliniques n'étaient pas anorexiques comme l'ont confirmé les taux normaux de BHS.(Traduit par Isabelle Vallières).


Assuntos
Ácido 3-Hidroxibutírico/sangue , Anorexia/veterinária , Doenças dos Suínos/sangue , Animais , Anorexia/sangue , Anorexia/diagnóstico , Feminino , Masculino , Suínos , Doenças dos Suínos/diagnóstico , Magreza/sangue , Magreza/veterinária
16.
Appl Environ Microbiol ; 81(8): 2690-5, 2015 Apr.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-25662976

RESUMO

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) originating from swine is concerning for public health, but an understanding of the emergence and persistence of MRSA in nursery herds is lacking. The aim of this study was to determine whether MRSA in nursery pigs is associated with particular herd-level parameters, including the use of antimicrobials, disinfectants, and heavy metals, which may be driving the selection and persistence of antimicrobial resistance. Nasal cultures for MRSA were completed for 390 pigs from 26 farms at the end of the suckling phase and again at 3 weeks postweaning. Herd-level information was collected, and a random subset of MRSA isolates was screened for resistance to zinc and quaternary ammonium compounds (QACs). Multivariate analysis revealed that in-feed concentrations of zinc (P < 0.001) and frequent disinfection of nursery pens (P < 0.001) are associated with MRSA shedding in nursery pigs. Furthermore, 62.5% (25/40) of MRSA isolates carried the zinc resistance gene czrC and demonstrated decreased susceptibility to zinc. All MRSA isolates carried at least 1 QAC resistance gene. The most common genotype was qacG qacH smr, which occurred in 32.5% (13/40) of isolates. Seven isolates (17.5%) demonstrated a significant tolerance to benzalkonium chloride, indicating a potential to survive commercial QAC exposure in the presence of organic matter. Overall, these findings indicate that high levels of in-feed zinc and QAC-based disinfectants are important drivers in the selection and persistence of MRSA in commercial swine herds, and these agents may be coselecting for other antimicrobial resistance genes.


Assuntos
Antibacterianos/farmacologia , Desinfetantes/farmacologia , Staphylococcus aureus Resistente à Meticilina/efeitos dos fármacos , Staphylococcus aureus Resistente à Meticilina/fisiologia , Infecções Estafilocócicas/veterinária , Doenças dos Suínos/epidemiologia , Zinco/farmacologia , Criação de Animais Domésticos , Animais , Derrame de Bactérias , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase em Tempo Real/veterinária , Fatores de Risco , Infecções Estafilocócicas/epidemiologia , Infecções Estafilocócicas/microbiologia , Suínos , Doenças dos Suínos/microbiologia
17.
BMC Microbiol ; 15(1): 184, 2015 Sep 21.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26391877

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: The mammalian microbiota plays a key role in host health and disease susceptibility. However, knowledge of the early-age microbiota of pigs is lacking. The purpose of this study was to use high-throughput next-generation sequencing to characterize the fecal and nasal microbiotas of pigs during early life. RESULTS: Ten commercially-raised pigs were randomly enrolled at birth and sampled throughout the first 7 weeks of life. DNA was extracted from fecal and nasal samples and the hypervariable region V4 of the 16S rRNA gene was amplified. The product was sequenced using the Illumina MiSeq platform and 2 × 250 chemistry. Sequencing data was processed and analyzed with the mothur algorithms using an operational taxonomic unit approach. In total, 4.7 million and 5.4 million high-quality sequences were recovered from fecal and nasal samples, respectively. Analysis revealed that these microbiotas contain a very rich and diverse population of bacteria that display a remarkable evolution during the first 7 weeks of life. During this developmental period, a pig was exposed to an average of 1,976 and 6,257 species of bacteria by way of the gastrointestinal and respiratory tracts, respectively. Aging was significantly associated with an increasing measure of richness and diversity as well as with distinct changes to the core microbiota. At 2-3 weeks post-weaning, the rapidly developing microbiotas appeared to reach a developmental milestone as a relative degree of stability was evident. CONCLUSIONS: Pigs are exposed to an incredibly rich and diverse mixture of bacteria during early-life as demonstrated by next-generation sequencing methodology. These findings expand the knowledge of the developing porcine microbiota which is important for understanding susceptibility to disease, particularly for vulnerable neonatal pigs.


Assuntos
Fenômenos Fisiológicos Bacterianos , Biodiversidade , Fezes/microbiologia , Microbiota/fisiologia , Cavidade Nasal/microbiologia , Sus scrofa/microbiologia , Animais , Bactérias/classificação , Bactérias/genética , Feminino , Sequenciamento de Nucleotídeos em Larga Escala , Estudos Longitudinais , Masculino , Microbiota/genética , Filogenia , RNA Ribossômico 16S/genética , Análise de Sequência de DNA , Desmame
18.
Virol J ; 11: 194, 2014 Nov 22.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-25416300

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Data about molecular diversity of commonly circulating type A influenza viruses in Ontario swine are scarce. Yet, this information is essential for surveillance of animal and public health, vaccine updates, and for understanding virus evolution and its large-scale spread. METHODS: The study population consisted of 21 swine herds with clinical problems due to respiratory disease. Nasal swabs from individual pigs were collected and tested by virus isolation in MDCK cells and by rtRT-PCR. All eight segments of 10 H3N2 viruses were sequenced using high-throughput sequencing and molecularly characterized. RESULTS: Within-herd prevalence ranged between 2 and 100%. Structurally, Ontario H3N2 viruses could be classified into three different groups. Group 1 was the most similar to the original trH3N2 virus from 2005. Group 2 was the most similar to the Ontario turkey H3N2 isolates with PB1 and NS genes originating from trH3N2 virus and M, PB2, PA and NP genes originating from the A(H1N1)pdm09 virus. All Group 3 internal genes were genetically related to A(H1N1)pdm09. Analysis of antigenic sites of HA1 showed that Group 1 had 8 aa changes within 4 antigenic sites, A(1), B(3), C(2) and E(2). The Group 2 viruses had 8 aa changes within 3 antigenic sites A(3), B(3) and C(2), while Group 3 viruses had 4 aa changes within 3 antigenic sites, B(1), D(1) and E(2), when compared to the cluster IV H3N2 virus [A/swine/Ontario/33853/2005/(H3N2)]. CONCLUSIONS: The characterization of the Ontario H3N2 viruses clearly indicates reassortment of gene segments between the North American swine trH3N2 from cluster IV and the A(H1N1)pdm09 virus.


Assuntos
Variação Genética , Vírus da Influenza A Subtipo H3N2/classificação , Vírus da Influenza A Subtipo H3N2/genética , Infecções por Orthomyxoviridae/veterinária , RNA Viral/genética , Doenças dos Suínos/virologia , Sequência de Aminoácidos , Animais , Genótipo , Vírus da Influenza A Subtipo H3N2/isolamento & purificação , Dados de Sequência Molecular , Ontário , Infecções por Orthomyxoviridae/virologia , Filogenia , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase em Tempo Real , Vírus Reordenados/classificação , Vírus Reordenados/genética , Vírus Reordenados/isolamento & purificação , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase Via Transcriptase Reversa , Alinhamento de Sequência , Análise de Sequência de DNA , Homologia de Sequência , Suínos
19.
Can Vet J ; 55(1): 1250-2, 2014 Jan.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-24381346

RESUMO

The purpose of this study was to determine if treatment of pigs with ketoprofen (3 mg/kg body weight) before castration at 7 days of age would affect subsequent growth during the suckling period. Piglets from 301 litters were treated with ketoprofen or a placebo and weighed at castration and at weaning. There was no difference in growth rate between the 2 groups of pigs.


L'administration préopératoire de kétoprofène aux porcelets subissant une castration n'affecte pas la performance de croissance subséquente. Cette étude avait pour but de déterminer si le traitement des porcs avec le kétoprofène (3 mg/kg poids corporel) avant la castration à l'âge de 7 jours affecterait la croissance subséquente durant la période d'allaitement. Les porcelets provenant de 301 portées ont été traités à l'aide du kétoprofène ou d'un placébo et pesé à la castration et au sevrage. Il n'y avait aucune différence au niveau du taux de croissance entre les 2 groupes de porcs.(Traduit par Isabelle Vallières).


Assuntos
Anti-Inflamatórios não Esteroides/uso terapêutico , Cetoprofeno/uso terapêutico , Orquiectomia/veterinária , Dor Pós-Operatória/veterinária , Suínos/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Animais , Masculino , Orquiectomia/efeitos adversos , Dor Pós-Operatória/tratamento farmacológico
20.
Can Vet J ; 55(3): 268-72, 2014 Mar.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-24587511

RESUMO

Early detection of lameness in sows is important to reduce losses and improve animal welfare. Mild-to-moderate lameness is difficult to diagnose in sows. Infrared thermography (IRT) was evaluated as a method of detecting signs of inflammation in the lower limbs as an aid in lameness detection.


Thermographie infrarouge afin d'évaluer la boiterie chez des truies gravides. La détection précoce de la boiterie chez les truies est importante pour réduire les pertes et améliorer le bien-être animal. Une boiterie de légère à modérée est difficile à diagnostiquer chez les truies. La thermographie infrarouge (TI) a été évaluée comme méthode pour détecter des signes d'inflammation dans les membres inférieurs et comme aide à la détection de la boiterie.(Traduit par Isabelle Vallières).


Assuntos
Coxeadura Animal/diagnóstico , Doenças dos Suínos/diagnóstico , Termografia/veterinária , Bem-Estar do Animal , Animais , Feminino , Membro Posterior/patologia , Membro Posterior/fisiologia , Gravidez , Suínos , Termografia/instrumentação , Termografia/métodos
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