Review on magnetic adsorbents for removal of elemental mercury from coal combustion flue gas.

Under the influence of human activities, atmospheric mercury (Hg) concentrations have increased by 450% compared with natural levels. In the context of the Minamata Convention on Mercury, which came into effect in August 2017, it is imperative to strengthen Hg emission controls. Existing Air Pollution Control Devices (APCDs) combined with collaborative control technology can effectively remove Hg2+ and Hgp; however, Hg0 removal is substandard. Compared with the catalytic oxidation method, Hg0 removal through adsorbent injection carries the risk of secondary release and is uneconomical. Magnetic adsorbents exhibit excellent recycling and Hg0 recovery performance and have recently attracted the attention of researchers. This review summarizes the existing magnetic materials for Hg0 adsorption and discusses the removal performances and mechanisms of iron, carbon, mineral-based, and magnetosphere materials. The effects of temperature and different flue gas components, including O2, NO, SO2, H2O, and HCl, on the adsorption performance of Hg0 are also summarized. Finally, different regeneration methods are discussed in detail. Although the research and development of magnetic adsorbents has progressed, significant challenges remain regarding their application. This review provides theoretical guidance for the improvement of existing and development of new magnetic adsorbents.

Fear-of-intimacy-mediated zinc transport is required for Drosophila fat body endoreplication.

BACKGROUND: Endoreplication is involved in the development and function of many organs, the pathologic process of several diseases. However, the metabolic underpinnings and regulation of endoreplication have yet to be well clarified. RESULTS: Here, we showed that a zinc transporter fear-of-intimacy (foi) is necessary for Drosophila fat body endoreplication. foi knockdown in the fat body led to fat body cell nuclei failure to attain standard size, decreased fat body size and pupal lethality. These phenotypes could be modulated by either altered expression of genes involved in zinc metabolism or intervention of dietary zinc levels. Further studies indicated that the intracellular depletion of zinc caused by foi knockdown results in oxidative stress, which activates the ROS-JNK signaling pathway, and then inhibits the expression of Myc, which is required for tissue endoreplication and larval growth in Drosophila. CONCLUSIONS: Our results indicated that FOI is critical in coordinating fat body endoreplication and larval growth in Drosophila. Our study provides a novel insight into the relationship between zinc and endoreplication in insects and may provide a reference for relevant mammalian studies.

The expression of Catsup in escort cells affects Drosophila ovarian stem cell niche establishment and germline stem cells self-renewal via Notch signaling.

Stem cell niche provides extrinsic signals to maintain stem cell renewal or initiate cell differentiation. Drosophila niche is composed of somatic terminal filament cells, cap cells and escort cells. However, the underlying mechanism for the development of stem cell niche remains largely unclear. Here we found that the expression of a zinc transporter Catsup is essential for ovary morphogenesis. Catsup knockdown in escort cells results in defects of niche establishment and germline stem cells self-renewal. These defects could be modified by altered expression of genes involved in zinc metabolism or intervention of dietary zinc levels. Further studies indicated that Catsup RNAi affected adult ovary morphogenesis by suppressing Notch signaling. Lastly, we demonstrated that the defects of Catsup RNAi could be restored by overexpression of heat shock cognate protein 70 (Hsc70). These findings expand our understanding of the mechanisms controlling adult oogenesis and niche establishment in Drosophila.

Case Study: Impacts of Air-Conditioner Air Supply Strategy on Thermal Environment and Energy Consumption in Offices Using BES-CFD Co-Simulation.

Due to energy constraints and people's increasing requirements for indoor thermal comfort, improving energy efficiency while ensuring thermal comfort has become the focus of research in the design and operation of HVAC systems. This study took office rooms with few people occupying them in Wuhan as the research object. The EnergyPlus-Fluent co-simulation method was used to study the impact of 12 forms of air distribution on the thermal environment and air-conditioner energy consumption. The results indicate that 3 m/s supply air velocity and 45° supply air angle are more suitable for the case model in this study. The EnergyPlus-Fluent co-simulation method used in this paper provides a reference for the study of indoor environments in offices with few people occupying them.

Structural Characterization of an N-Acetyl Sugar Amidotransferase Involved in the Lipopolysaccharide Biosynthesis in Bacteria.

N-acetyl sugar amidotransferase (NASAT) is involved in the lipopolysaccharide (LPS) biosynthesis pathway that catalyzes the formation of the acetamido moiety (sugar-NC(=NH)CH3) on the O-chain. So far, little is known about its structural and functional properties. Here, we report the crystal structure of an N-acetyl sugar amidotransferase from Legionella pneumophila (LpNASAT) at 2.33 Å resolution. LpNASAT folds into a compact basin-shaped architecture with an unusually wide and open putative substrate-binding pocket and a conserved zinc ion-binding tetracysteine motif. The pocket contains a Rossmann-like fold with a PP-loop, suggesting that the NASAT-catalyzed amidotransfer reaction probably requires the conversion of ATP to AMP and PPi. Our data provide structural insights into the NASAT family of proteins, and allow us to possibly identify its functionally important regions.

Identification of a new mutant allele of ZmYSL2 that regulates kernel development and nutritional quality in maize.

The discovery and characterization of the opaque endosperm gene provide ideas and resources for the production and application of maize. We found an o213 mutant whose phenotype was opaque and shrunken endosperm with semi-dwarf plant height. The protein, lipid, and starch contents in the o213 endosperm were significantly decreased, while the free amino acid content in the o213 endosperm significantly increased. The aspartic acid, asparagine, and lysine contents were raised in the o213 endosperm by 6.5-, 8.5-, and 1.7-fold, respectively. Genetic analysis showed that this o213 mutant is a recessive single-gene mutation. The position mapping indicated that o213 is located in a 468-kb region that contains 11 protein-encoding genes on the long arm of chromosome 5. The coding sequence analysis of candidate genes between the WT and o213 showed that ZmYSL2 had only a single-base substitution (A-G) in the fifth exon, which caused methionine substitution to valine. Sequence analysis and the allelic test showed that o213 is a new mutant allele of ZmYSL2. The qRT-PCR results indicated that o213 is highly expressed in the stalks and anthers. Subcellular localization studies showed that o213 is a membrane transporter. In the variation analysis of o213, the amplification of 65 inbred lines in GWAS showed that this 3-bp deletion of the first exon of o213 was found only in temperate inbred lines, implying that the gene was artificially affected in the selection process. Our results suggest that o213 is an important endosperm development gene and may serve as a genetic resource. Supplementary Information: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s11032-022-01278-9.

Electrochemical impedance and X-ray absorption spectroscopy analyses of degradation in dye-sensitized solar cells containing cobalt tris(bipyridine) redox shuttles.

Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) is a commonly used steady-state technique to examine the internal resistance of electron-transfer processes in solar cell devices, and the results are directly related to the photovoltaic performance. In this study, EIS was performed to study the effects of accelerated ageing, aiming for insights into the degradation mechanisms of dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) containing cobalt tris(bipyridine) complexes as redox mediators. Control experiments based on aged electrolytes differing in concentrations of the redox couple components and cation co-additives were conducted to reveal the correlation of the cell degradation with external and internal properties. The failure modes of the cells emerged as changes in the kinetics of charge- and ion-transfer processes. An insufficient concentration of the redox complexes, in particular Co(III), was found to be the main reason for the inferior performance after ageing. The related characterization of electrolytes aged outside the solar cell devices confirms the loss of active Co(III) complexes in the device electrolytes. A new EIS feature at low frequencies emerged during ageing and was analysed. The new EIS feature demonstrates the presence of an unexpected rate-limiting, charge-transfer process in aged devices, which can be attributed to the TiO2/electrolyte interface. High-resolution fluorescence detected X-ray absorption spectroscopy (HERFD-XAS) was performed to identify the reduction of a part of Co(III) to Co(II) after ageing, by investigating the Co K absorption edge. The HERFD-XAS data suggested a partial reduction of Co(III) to Co(II), accompanied by a difference in symmetry of the reduced species.

Dynamic Calibration Method of Sensor Drift Fault in HVAC System Based on Bayesian Inference.

Sensor drift fault calibration is essential to maintain the operation of heating, ventilation and air conditioning systems (HVAC) in buildings. Bayesian inference (BI) is becoming more and more popular as a commonly used sensor fault calibration method. However, this method focused mainly on sensor bias fault, and it could be difficult to calibrate drift fault that changes with time. Therefore, a dynamic calibration method for sensor drift fault of HVAC systems based on BI is developed. Taking the drift fault calibration of the chilled water supply temperature sensor of the chiller as an example, the performance of the proposed dynamic calibration method is evaluated. Results show that the combination of the Exponentially Weighted Moving-Average (EWMA) method with high detection accuracy and the proposed BI dynamic calibration method can effectively improve the calibration accuracy of drift fault, and the Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE) value between the calibrated and normal data is less than 5%.

Significant but Spatiotemporal-Heterogeneous Health Risks Caused by Airborne Exposure to Multiple Toxic Trace Elements in China.

Airborne trace elements (TEs) pose a notable threat to human health due to their toxicity and carcinogenicity, whereas their exposures and associated health risks in China remain unclear. Here, we present the first nationwide assessment of spatiotemporal exposure to 11 TEs in China by coupling a bottom-up emission inventory with a modified CMAQ model capable of TE simulation. Associated health risks of 11 TEs are then evaluated using a set of risk assessment models. Our results show that the CMAQ model could reasonably reproduce the spatiotemporal variations of 11 TEs in China compared to observations. We find significant but spatiotemporal-heterogeneous cancer risks associated with high-level exposure of TEs in China. Gridded cell concentrations of hexavalent chromium, arsenic, and nickel in eastern and central China usually exceed China's air quality standard limits, resulting in significant cancer risks that affected over 85% of the entire population in China in 2015. National annual mean population-weighted concentrations of 11 TEs decrease by 9.8-35.6% from 2012 to 2015, largely attributed to emission reduction from coal combustion. Our study provides critical insights for policymakers to implement stricter measures to alleviate health burdens and benefit relevant epidemiological research on airborne TEs.

Optimized electronic structure and p-band centre control engineering to enhance surface absorption and inherent conductivity for accelerated hydrogen evolution over a wide pH range.

Numerous experiments have demonstrated that an appropriate electronic configuration can effectively activate the electrocatalytic activity. However, systematic studies on the effects of non-metallic elemental doping and its p-orbital center (εp) on electrocatalysis have not yet been carried out. Combining theoretical and experimental methods, we demonstrate an electronic configuration and p-orbital center control engineering for promoting the HER course in both acid and alkaline solutions over group VA elements doped into the inert basal plane of nanoMoS2. In acidic solutions, As-doped MoS2 has the best electrocatalytic activity. Theoretically, the calculated ΔGH of the As atom is only -0.07 eV, indicating that it has excellent catalytic performance. Furthermore, the p-orbital center under and near the Fermi level plays a significant role in the H adsorption course, and the closer the εp value is to the Fermi level, the weaker the H- non-metallic atom bond is. An appropriate εp can insure a proper strength of bond with H and further influence the catalytic activity of the HER. In alkaline solutions, P-doped MoS2 has the best electrocatalytic activity, which is due to the engineering of water dissociation sites by doping P atoms into MoS2 nanosheets. These findings pave the path to develop a rational strategy to trigger the activity of the inert basal plane of MoS2, to enhance the conductivity of inherent MoS2 towards the HER and provide a new idea that can be extended to other layered dichalcogenides.

Multilevel regulation of RUVBL2 expression predicts poor prognosis in hepatocellular carcinoma.

BACKGROUND: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the second-most lethal cancer worldwide with a complex pathogenesis. RuvB-like 2 (RUVBL2) was previously found to contribute to hepatocarcinogenesis. However, its expression, regulation and clinical significance have not been systematically evaluated in a large number of clinical samples. METHODS: Here, we performed a comprehensive analysis of RUVBL2 based on multiple datasets from 371 liver cancer patients of The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and on immunohistochemical staining in 153 subjects. In addition, the aberrant signaling pathways caused by RUVBL2 overexpression were investigated. RESULTS: We demonstrated that promoter hypomethylation, copy number gain, MYC amplification and CTNNB1 mutation were all responsible for RUVBL2 overexpression in HCC. High levels of RUVBL2 mRNA were associated with shorter recurrence-free survival time (RFS) but not overall survival time (OS). Furthermore, RUVBL2 protein was overexpressed in the nucleus and cytoplasm of HCC samples. Univariate and multivariate survival analyses showed that strong nuclear and cytoplasmic staining of RUVBL2 independently predicted worse OS and RFS with a 2.03-fold and a 1.71-fold increase in the hazard ratio, respectively. High levels of RUVBL2 promoted carcinogenesis through the heat shock protein 90 (HSP90)-Cell Division Cycle 37 (CDC37), AKT serine/threonine kinase (AKT) and mitogen-activated protein kinase (ERK/MAPK) pathways. CONCLUSION: The deregulation of RUVBL2 in HCC is influenced at the genomic, epigenetic and transcriptional levels. Our findings highlight the potential roles of RUVBL2 as a promising prognostic marker as well as a therapeutic target for HCC.

Ni2P Nanosheets on Carbon Cloth: An Efficient Flexible Electrode for Sodium-Ion Batteries.

Transition-metal phosphides have been increasingly investigated because of their high theoretical specific capacity and low potential for sodium storage. Herein, we describe the development of Ni2P nanosheets on carbon cloth (Ni2P Ns/CC), which behaves as a flexible 3D anode for sodium-ion batteries. Such a Ni2P Ns/CC delivers a high capacity of 399 mA h g-1 at 0.2 A g-1. At 2 A g-1, it still delivers 72 mA h g-1 even after 1000 cycles. The impressive performance is attributed to such a self-supported structure. Moreover, a possible conversion reaction mechanism is also carefully revealed.

Mutant p53 increases exosome-mediated transfer of miR-21-3p and miR-769-3p to promote pulmonary metastasis.

OBJECTIVE: Tumor metastasis is a complex, multistep process that depends on tumor cells and their communication with the tumor microenvironment. A p53 gain-of-function mutant has been shown to enhance the tumorigenesis, invasion, and metastasis abilities of tumor cells. This study aimed to investigate the roles of p53 R273H mutation in the tumor microenvironment. METHODS: The in vitro and in vivo effects of the p53 R273H mutant on the invasion and metastasis of HCT116 cells were investigated. Exosomes from wild-type and HCT116-TP53(R273H) cells were cocultured with mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs). The roles of differentially expressed exosomal microRNAs identified by microarray analysis were investigated. The functions of the p53 R273H mutant in tumor cells were also investigated via gene expression microarray and quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) analyses. RESULTS: Introducing p53 R273H mutant into HCT116 cells significantly potentiated pulmonary metastasis in vivo. In the presence of exosomes derived from HCT116-TP53(R273H) cells, the exosomes were taken up by MEFs and became activated. Microarray analysis showed that the p53 R273H mutation increased the exosomal levels of miR-21-3p and miR-769-3p. Intriguingly, in clinical samples, miR-21-3p and miR-769-3p levels were significantly higher in patients with a p53 mutation than in those without this mutation. Furthermore, both miR-21-3p and miR-769-3p activated fibroblasts and exerted a synergistic effect via their target genes on the transforming growth factor-ß (TGF-ß)/Smad signaling pathway. The activated fibroblasts excreted cytokine TGF-ß and may have reciprocally induced cancer cells to undergo epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Indeed, HCT116-TP53(R273H) cells showed increased expression of ZEB1 and SNAI2 and decreased transcription of several cell adhesion molecules. CONCLUSIONS: The mutant p53-exosomal miR-21-3p/miR-769-3p-fibroblast-cytokine circuit appears to be responsible for communication between tumor and stromal cells, with exosomal miRNAs acting as a bridge. miR-21-3p and miR-769-3p are potential predictive markers of pulmonary metastasis and candidate targets for therapeutic interventions.

Design of uniformly collimating light-emitting diode lenses of multiple freeform and Fresnel surfaces with different inter-surface mapping orders.

In this work, we propose a design method of composite freeform collimating lenses that integrates freeform reflection, refraction, and Fresnel surfaces to realize highly collimated and uniformed light output in a single lens element. The algorithm is designed considering a consistent combination of different surfaces, so the light rays reaching the Fresnel surface through refraction and reflection should generate the same luminous intensity. The Fresnel rings can be designed in two different ways, depending on the sequence of light rays propagating between the reflection and the Fresnel surfaces. The lighting effects of the lenses are analyzed in a 3D simulation, and the light output of both schemes reaches a high level of collimation and uniformity, agreeing well with design expectations. The obtained lenses have the advantages of a compact volume, high light extraction efficiency, and variable geometry by changing the combination form of the freeform surfaces.

Removal of hydrophobic volatile organic compounds with sodium hypochlorite and surfactant in a co-current rotating packed bed.

A co-current flow rotating packed bed was applied to remove volatile organic compounds (VOCs) by sodium hypochlorite (NaClO) and surfactant (sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate, SDBS) from air stream. Xylene was used as a model VOC herein. The effect of pH, concentration of NaClO and SDBS solution, liquid flow rate, gas flow rate and rotational speed on xylene removal efficiency and overall mass transfer coefficient (KGa) were discussed. Then, a correlation for KGa of the co-current rotating packed bed was proposed by fitting the experimental data of KGa and independent variables of liquid/gas ratio, rotational speed, pH, NaClO concentration and treatment time, which was in good agreement with the experimental data (the deviation≤±30%).

Determination of time- and size-dependent fine particle emission with varied oil heating in an experimental kitchen.

Particulate matter (PM) from cooking has caused seriously indoor air pollutant and aroused risk to human health. It is urged to get deep knowledge of their spatial-temporal distribution of source emission characteristics, especially ultrafine particles (UFP<100nm) and accumulation mode particles (AMP 100-665nm). Four commercial cooking oils are auto dipped water to simulate cooking fume under heating to 265°C to investigate PM emission and decay features between 0.03 and 10µm size dimension by electrical low pressure impactor (ELPI) without ventilation. Rapeseed and sunflower produced high PM2.5 around 6.1mg/m3, in comparison with those of soybean and corn (5.87 and 4.65mg/m3, respectively) at peak emission time between 340 and 460sec since heating oil, but with the same level of particle numbers 6-9×105/cm3. Mean values of PM1.0/PM2.5 and PM2.5/PM10 at peak emission time are around 0.51-0.66 and 0.23-0.29. After 15min naturally deposition, decay rates of PM1.0, PM2.5 and PM10 are 13.3%-29.8%, 20.1%-33.9% and 41.2%-54.7%, which manifest that PM1.0 is quite hard to decay than larger particles, PM2.5 and PM10. The majority of the particle emission locates at 43nm with the largest decay rate at 75%, and shifts to a larger size between 137 and 655nm after 15min decay. The decay rates of the particles are sensitive to the oil type.

Determination of fluoroquinolone antibiotics via ionic-liquid-based, salt-induced, dual microextraction in swine feed.

In conventional microextraction procedures, the disperser (organic solvent or ionic liquid) is left in the aqueous phase and discarded after finishing the microextraction process. Because the disperser is water-soluble, it results in low extraction recovery for polar compounds. In this investigation, an ionic-liquid-based microextraction (ILBME) was integrated with salting-out assisted liquid-liquid microextraction (SALLME) to build an ionic-liquid-based, salt-induced, dual microextraction (ILSDME) for isolation of five fluoroquinolone antibiotics (FQs) with high polarity (log P, -1.0 to 1.0). The proposed ILSDME method incorporates a dual microextraction by converting the disperser in the ILBME to the extractor in the SALLME. Optimization of key factors was conducted by integrating single-factor experiments and central composite design. The optimized experimental parameters were 80 µL [C8MIM][PF6] as extractor, 505 µL acetone as disperser, pH = 2.0, 4.1 min extraction time, and 4.2 g of Na2SO4. Under optimized conditions, high ERs (90.6-103.2 %) and low LODs (0.07-0.61 µg kg(-1)) were determined for five FQs in swine feed. Experimental precision based on RSDs was 1.4-5.2 % for intra-day and 2.4-6.9 % for inter-day analyses. The combination of ILBME with SALLME increased FQ recoveries by 15-20 % as compared with SALLME, demonstrating that the ILSDME method can enhance extraction efficiency for polar compounds compared to single-step microextraction. Therefore, the ILSDME method developed in this study has wide application for pretreatment of moderately to highly polar pollutants in complex matrices. Graphical Abstract A dual microextraction was developed by integrating ionic-liquid-based microextraction with salting-out assisted liquid-liquid microextraction for isolation of five fluoroquinolone antibiotics (FQs) with high polarity (log P = -1.0 to 1.0). The principle of dual microextraction is based on converting the remaining disperser from the first microextraction into an extractor in the second microextraction. Single-factor experiment and central composite design were applied for optimizing operational parameters using 3D response surfaces and contour lines. Under optimized conditions, the method provided high extraction recoveries and low LODs for five FQs in swine feed. The prominent advantage of the dual microextraction is rapid and highly efficient extraction of moderately to highly polar fluoroquinolones from complex matrices.

Deletion of Pr130 Interrupts Cardiac Development in Zebrafish.

Protein phosphatase 2 regulatory subunit B, alpha (PPP2R3A), a regulatory subunit of protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A), is a major serine/threonine phosphatase that regulates crucial function in development and growth. Previous research has implied that PPP2R3A was involved in heart failure, and PR130, the largest transcription of PPP2R3A, functioning in the calcium release of sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR), plays an important role in the excitation-contraction (EC) coupling. To obtain a better understanding of PR130 functions in myocardium and cardiac development, two pr130-deletion zebrafish lines were generated using clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated proteins (Cas) system. Pr130-knockout zebrafish exhibited cardiac looping defects and decreased cardiac function (decreased fractional area and fractional shortening). Hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining demonstrated reduced cardiomyocytes. Subsequent transmission electron microscopy revealed that the bright and dark bands were narrowed and blurred, the Z- and M-lines were fogged, and the gaps between longitudinal myocardial fibers were increased. Additionally, increased apoptosis was observed in cardiomyocyte in pr130-knockout zebrafish compared to wild-type (WT). Taken together, our results suggest that pr130 is required for normal myocardium formation and efficient cardiac contractile function.

Angiotensin-converting enzyme gene polymorphisms and risk for sporadic Alzheimer's disease: a meta-analysis.

Numerous studies have tested for associations between common polymorphisms of the angiotensin-converting enzyme gene and sporadic Alzheimer disease (SAD), but results have been inconclusive. Using meta-analysis, our study aimed to clarify the nature of the genetic risks contributed by the three polymorphisms (rs4291, rs4343, rs1800764) for developing SAD. Through searching of Pubmed, Embase, Alzgene and manually searching relevant references, a total of 14 articles with 26 independent studies were included. Odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were used to assess the strength of the association studies. The heterogeneity across the studies was tested, as was publication bias. We observed significant association between SNP rs4291 and SAD using allelic comparison (OR = 1.08, 95% CI 1.03-1.14), homozygote comparison (OR = 1.16, 95% CI 1.04-1.30) and the recessive model (OR = 1.10, 95% CI 1.02-1.18). Association with SNP rs1800764 was revealed but it was not sufficiently robust to withstand the Benjamini-Hochberg method and stepdown Bonferroni correction. Significant association was not identified in the analysis for SNP rs4343. In subgroup analyses, the risk of SAD associated with SNP rs4291 appeared to be significant among Caucasians and in older cases (mean age ≥75 years). Our results confirmed a significant but modest association between SNP rs4291 and SAD susceptibility. Further study of the pathogenetic characteristics of this polymorphism and independent confirmation of the association in larger studies are warranted.

Atmospheric emission characteristics and control policies of five precedent-controlled toxic heavy metals from anthropogenic sources in China.

A bottom-up inventory of atmospheric emissions of five precedent-controlled toxic heavy metals (HMs), including mercury (Hg), arsenic (As), lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), and chromium (Cr), from primary anthropogenic sources in China is established for the period 2000­2010. Total emissions of HMs demonstrate a gradually ascending trend along with the increase of coal consumption and industrial production, which are estimated at approximately 842.22 t for Hg, 4196.31 t for As, 29272.14 t for Pb, 795.29 t for Cd, and 13715.33 t for Cr for 2010. Coal combustion is found to be the primary source of HMs emissions. Owing to the dramatic differences of coal use by industrial and power sectors among provinces, spatial allocation performs remarkably uneven characteristics, and spatial distribution features are demonstrated by allocating the emissions into 0.5° × 0.5° grid cells with GDP and population as surrogate indexes. Further, HMs emissions from specified anthropogenic sources under three different control scenarios for the target year 2015 are projected, and collaborative and specialized control strategies are proposed to meet the demand of emission reduction goals of different regions. In the future, a whole processes control management system will be the most effective way for control of HMs.