RESUMO
N6-methyladenosine (m6A) is the most common mRNA modification. Recent studies have revealed that depletion of m6A machinery leads to alterations in the propagation of diverse viruses. These effects were proposed to be mediated through dysregulated methylation of viral RNA. Here we show that following viral infection or stimulation of cells with an inactivated virus, deletion of the m6A 'writer' METTL3 or 'reader' YTHDF2 led to an increase in the induction of interferon-stimulated genes. Consequently, propagation of different viruses was suppressed in an interferon-signaling-dependent manner. Significantly, the mRNA of IFNB, the gene encoding the main cytokine that drives the type I interferon response, was m6A modified and was stabilized following repression of METTL3 or YTHDF2. Furthermore, we show that m6A-mediated regulation of interferon genes was conserved in mice. Together, our findings uncover the role m6A serves as a negative regulator of interferon response by dictating the fast turnover of interferon mRNAs and consequently facilitating viral propagation.
Assuntos
Adenosina/análogos & derivados , Interações Hospedeiro-Patógeno/genética , Imunidade Inata/genética , Interferon Tipo I/genética , RNA Mensageiro/metabolismo , Adenosina/metabolismo , Animais , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Citomegalovirus/imunologia , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Feminino , Fibroblastos , Infecções por Herpesviridae/imunologia , Infecções por Herpesviridae/virologia , Interações Hospedeiro-Patógeno/imunologia , Humanos , Vírus da Influenza A Subtipo H1N1/imunologia , Influenza Humana/imunologia , Influenza Humana/virologia , Interferon Tipo I/imunologia , Masculino , Metilação , Metiltransferases/genética , Metiltransferases/imunologia , Metiltransferases/metabolismo , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos ICR , Camundongos Knockout , Muromegalovirus/imunologia , Proteínas de Ligação a RNA/genética , Proteínas de Ligação a RNA/imunologia , Proteínas de Ligação a RNA/metabolismoRESUMO
In the version of this article initially published, the penultimate sentence of the abstract included a typographical error ('cxgenes'). The correct word is 'genes'. The error has been corrected in the HTML and PDF version of the article.
RESUMO
Spatial control over the distribution of therapeutics is a highly desired feature, which could limit the side effects of many drugs. Here we describe a nanoscale agent, fabricated from a coupled polymer-DNA origami hybrid that exhibits stability in serum and slow diffusion through tissues, in a manner correlating with shape and aspect ratio. Coupling to fragments of polyethylene glycol (PEG) through polyamine electrostatic interactions resulted in marked stability of the agents in-vivo, with > 90% of the agents maintaining structural integrity 5 days following subcutaneous injection. An agent functionalized with aptamers specific for human tumor necrosis factor TNF-alpha, significantly abrogated the inflammatory response in a delayed-type hypersensitivity model in humanized TNF-alpha mice. These findings highlight polymer-DNA hybrid nanostructures as a programmable and pharmacologically viable update to mainstream technologies such as monoclonal antibodies, capable of exerting an additional layer of control across the spatial dimension of drug activity.