RESUMO
INTRODUCTION: This study analyzes the value of PSA kinetics, PSA speed (vPSA), and PSA doubling time (PSAdt), in patients with low-risk prostate cancer who are in an active surveillance (AS) program. METHODS: An observational, retrospective, and longitudinal study of a sample of 86 patients included in AS program between January 2014 and October 2021 was conducted. A review of their medical records was performed, and PSA kinetics were calculated, analyzing the causes of discontinuation of the AS program and its relationship with PSA kinetics. RESULTS: The mean age was 63.39 years, and the median follow-up was 62.55 months. The mean PSA at diagnosis was 8.27 ng/mL. A median of PSAdt of 62.55 months and 1.3 ng/mL/year for vPSA was obtained. 35 patients left the program, with a higher percentage of patients leaving with a PSAdt less than 36 months (73.7 vs. 31.1%) and a vPSA greater than 2 ng/mL/year (68.2 vs. 31.3%). The probability of permanence and the time of permanence in AS were statistically significantly higher for those patients with favorable kinetic parameters. CONCLUSION: PSA kinetics is a parameter to take into account when making decisions to keep patients in an AS program.
Assuntos
Antígeno Prostático Específico , Neoplasias da Próstata , Masculino , Humanos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Antígeno Prostático Específico/metabolismo , Estudos Retrospectivos , Estudos Longitudinais , Cinética , Conduta Expectante , Neoplasias da Próstata/diagnóstico , Estudos Observacionais como AssuntoRESUMO
INTRODUCTION: Recurrent urinary tract infections (rUTIs) affect 5-10% of women, resulting in an enormous healthcare and society burden. Uromune® is a polybacterial sublingual vaccine with an excellent clinical benefit in rUTI prophylaxis. This study assesses the impact of sublingual vaccination on healthcare resource use and expenditures associated with this pathology. METHODS: A quasi-experimental, pretest-posttest, single center study including women with rUTI and vaccinated with Uromune® in real-life clinical practice was performed. Variables were the need of healthcare resources, collected prospectively during two follow-up years, and the rUTI-associated expenditure, calculated using the micro-costing methodology; these were compared before and after vaccination. RESULTS: A total of 166 women {mean (standard deviation [SD]) urinary tract infection episodes/year 6.19 (2.15)} were included. After vaccination, annual consultations with a primary care physician (PCP) (43.9%), emergency room visits (71.8%), urinary analysis (90.0%), and ultrasound exams (35.6%) decreased compared to pre-vaccination (all p < 0.001). Per patient consumption in antibiotics, PCP consultations, emergency room visits, and complementary exams significantly decreased (all p < 0.02), resulting in a reduction in healthcare expenditure per patient/year from mean (SD) 1,001.1 (655.0) to 497.1 (444.4) EUR. CONCLUSION: Sublingual bacterial vaccination with Uromune® decreased healthcare resource use and associated expenditure in women with rUTI, representing an optimal strategy to reduce rUTI-associated healthcare and economic burden.
Assuntos
Infecções Urinárias , Antibacterianos/uso terapêutico , Vacinas Bacterianas/uso terapêutico , Análise Custo-Benefício , Feminino , Humanos , Recidiva , Infecções Urinárias/tratamento farmacológicoRESUMO
The mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway, which is essential for cell proliferation, is repressed in certain cell types in hypoxia. However, hypoxia-inducible factor 2α (HIF2α) can act as a proliferation-promoting factor in some biological settings. This paradoxical situation led us to study whether HIF2α has a specific effect on mTORC1 regulation. Here we show that activation of the HIF2α pathway increases mTORC1 activity by upregulating expression of the amino acid carrier SLC7A5. At the molecular level we also show that HIF2α binds to the Slc7a5 proximal promoter. Our findings identify a link between the oxygen-sensing HIF2α pathway and mTORC1 regulation, revealing the molecular basis of the tumor-promoting properties of HIF2α in von Hippel-Lindau-deficient cells. We also describe relevant physiological scenarios, including those that occur in liver and lung tissue, wherein HIF2α or low-oxygen tension drive mTORC1 activity and SLC7A5 expression.
Assuntos
Fatores de Transcrição Hélice-Alça-Hélice Básicos/metabolismo , Carcinoma de Células Renais/metabolismo , Neoplasias Renais/metabolismo , Transportador 1 de Aminoácidos Neutros Grandes/metabolismo , Proteínas/metabolismo , Animais , Fatores de Transcrição Hélice-Alça-Hélice Básicos/genética , Sítios de Ligação , Carcinoma de Células Renais/genética , Carcinoma de Células Renais/patologia , Hipóxia Celular , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Proliferação de Células , Regulação Neoplásica da Expressão Gênica , Células HEK293 , Humanos , Neoplasias Renais/genética , Neoplasias Renais/patologia , Transportador 1 de Aminoácidos Neutros Grandes/genética , Fígado/metabolismo , Pulmão/metabolismo , Alvo Mecanístico do Complexo 1 de Rapamicina , Camundongos , Camundongos Knockout , Camundongos SCID , Complexos Multiproteicos , Transplante de Neoplasias , Regiões Promotoras Genéticas , Proteínas/genética , Interferência de RNA , Transdução de Sinais , Serina-Treonina Quinases TOR , Fatores de Tempo , Transfecção , Carga Tumoral , Regulação para Cima , Proteína Supressora de Tumor Von Hippel-Lindau/genética , Proteína Supressora de Tumor Von Hippel-Lindau/metabolismoRESUMO
OBJECTIVES: Recurrent urinary tract infections (R-UTIs) are very common amongst women, and alternatives to antibacterial prophylaxis are necessary. This study evaluates the effectiveness of a sublingual bacterial vaccine for the prophylaxis of R-UTIs. METHODS: We conducted a quasi-experimental pretest-posttest study of 166 women diagnosed with R-UTIs. Both before and after the start of treatment with the vaccine, we analysed the total number of R-UTI episodes, the urine culture results, and the type and number of antibiotic packages consumed. Symptoms and urine cultures were evaluated 3, 6, 9, 12, 18, and 24 months after initiating treatment with the vaccine. RESULTS: The mean time of follow-up after vaccination was 1.7 years. After vaccination, there was a 54.6% reduction in episodes of UTI, and a 56.2% reduction in positive urine cultures. At 3 months, 74.4% of the patients had no R-UTI, the rate falling to 68.1% at 6 months, 52.4% at 12 months, and 44.5% at 24 months. The cumulative probability of maintaining negative urine cultures was 76% at 3 months, 37% at 12 months, and 18% at 2 years. CONCLUSIONS: The use of a sublingual bacterial vaccine for the prophylaxis of R-UTIs in women is an effective treatment that contributes to a reduction in the number of UTI episodes.
Assuntos
Vacinas Bacterianas/administração & dosagem , Infecções Urinárias/prevenção & controle , Administração Sublingual , Adulto , Idoso , Feminino , Humanos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Recidiva , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: We report a case of supernumerary testis, a rare anomaly with only around 100 cases reported in the literature. METHODS: We describe the case of a 26-year-old man who consulted for a left paratesticular tumor. Physical examination and ultrasound showed a 2-cm nodular lesion over the left epididymis. The lesion was confirmed as supernumerary testis by surgical examination and biopsy and was subsequently excised, given the malignancy potential. RESULTS: The supernumerary testis was evaluated using two standard classifications, one assessing function and embryological development, and the other assessing topography, anatomy, and reproductive potential. CONCLUSIONS: The differential diagnosis for an intrascrotal mass should include the possibility of a supernumerary testis; hence, surgical examination and biopsy are necessary. Supernumerary testes should be excised in the case of pain, dysplasia, or in situ carcinoma, or whenever the biopsy is inconclusive.
Assuntos
Testículo/anormalidades , Adulto , Biópsia , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Humanos , Masculino , Orquiectomia , Testículo/diagnóstico por imagem , Testículo/embriologia , Testículo/patologia , Testículo/cirurgia , Ultrassonografia DopplerRESUMO
OBJECTIVES: Neuroendocrine tumors (NET) are cancers found in the bronchopulmonary tract, where they were first described in 1926. The tumors are associated with poor prognosis due to their high metastatic potency even after radical treatments associated with other neo- or adjuvant therapies. NET of the urinary bladder is a rare tumor and accounts for 0.5% of bladder tumors. METHODS: The study was designed as an observational, descriptive and retrospective study of 13 patients diagnosed, treated, and followed for NET of the urinary bladder at the Hospital and University Complex of Albacete, Albacete, Spain between 1995 and 2010. RESULTS: The sample was composed of 11 men and 2 women. Mean patient age at the time of diagnosis was 71 (range, 57-88; SD, 6.98) years. T4 (6 patients) was the most common T tumor stage, followed by T2 (5 patients) and T3 (2 patients). In the case of N tumor stage, the most common was N2. In the remaining 3 patients, the degree of lymph node involvement could not be assessed. Six presented distant metastasis at the time of diagnosis. Eleven patients presented small-cell NET on histology. Seven underwent radical surgery (radical cystectomy). All other patients were treated by deep transurethral resection of bladder tumor, except for 1 patient treated by partial cystectomy. Adjuvant chemo-therapy (usually an association of carboplatin/cisplatin and etoposide) was administered to 4 patients. Of these 4 patients, 2 were also treated by pelvic radiotherapy. Two patients survived more than 5 years following diagnosis. In fact, at the time the study data was collected only 4 patients had survived and 2 presented tumor recurrence. Of the 9 deaths, 8 occurred within 6 months of diagnosis and 1 at 24 months. All of them were the result of the disease itself. CONCLUSIONS: Neuroendocrine tumor of the urinary bladder is a rare, aggressive tumor with high metastatic potential that should be considered in the differential diagnosis of urinary bladder neoplasms. Despite various multimodality treatments have been used prognosis is poor.
Assuntos
Tumores Neuroendócrinos/cirurgia , Neoplasias da Bexiga Urinária/cirurgia , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Terapia Combinada , Cistectomia , Bases de Dados Factuais , Feminino , Hematúria/etiologia , Humanos , Imuno-Histoquímica , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Metástase Neoplásica , Recidiva Local de Neoplasia , Estadiamento de Neoplasias , Tumores Neuroendócrinos/patologia , Dor/etiologia , Estudos Retrospectivos , Fatores Socioeconômicos , Sobrevida , Obstrução Ureteral/etiologia , Neoplasias da Bexiga Urinária/patologiaRESUMO
The natural history of renal cell canceris unpredictable and despite the increased knowledgeof this disease, the incidence has been increasing in recent years. Renal cancer represents a tumor withsignificant mortality and efforts to understand its behaviorhavenot yet translated into a decrease in mortality.In the study of renal cell cancer, the knowledge ofmolecular pathways is very important, since they arethe basis for the development of new therapies. Thisknowledge has made it possible to reclassify these tumorsand the current challenge is the search for biomarkersthat allow to establish an adequate diagnosisand prognosis and predict the response to a certaintype of treatment.In the present manuscript we carry out a review ofthe main markers studied and their potential value inrenal cell cancer.
La historia natural del cáncer renal esimpredecible y a pesar del aumento del conocimientode esta enfermedad, la incidencia ha ido en aumentoen los últimos años. Representa un tumor con unamortalidad importante y los esfuerzos por conocer sucomportamiento todavía no se traducen en una disminuciónde su mortalidad.Dentro del estudio del cáncer renal es cada vezmás importante el conocimiento de su funcionamientomolecular, que por otra parte ha sido fundamentalpara la aparición de las nuevas terapias. Dicho conocimientoha permitido reclasificar estos tumores, siendoel desafío actual la búsqueda de biomarcadores quenos permitan establecer un adecuado diagnóstico ypronóstico y predecir la respuesta a un determinadotipo de tratamiento.En el presente trabajo realizamos una revisión delos principales marcadores estudiados y su potencialvalor en el cáncer renal.
Assuntos
Carcinoma de Células Renais , Neoplasias Renais , Biomarcadores , Carcinoma de Células Renais/diagnóstico , Humanos , Rim , Neoplasias Renais/diagnóstico , PrognósticoRESUMO
INTRODUCTION: Patients with advanced chronic kidney disease (ACKD) have a high prevalence of malnutrition. The dietary restrictions that we usually apply in terms of macro and micronutrients force our patients to follow dietary guidelines that deviate from healthy patterns. OBJETIVES: To determine if a personalized nutritional intervention program, minimizing the usual restrictions would be justified in case it improved the evolution of kidney disease compared to standard treatment. SECUNDARY OBJETIVES: To determine changes in nutrient intakes and in anthropometric and biochemical parameters, as well as quantify episodes of hyperkalemia. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A single-center, randomized and controlled educational intervention clinical trial was conduct in patients from the ERCA outpatients clinic at the Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Albacete. 75 patients were included, assigning 35 to a Control group and 40 to the Intervention group with 1-year follow-up. The nutritional status was determined using anthropometric data, body composition by Bioimpedance, blood and urine biochemical parameters and a 24-h recall questionnaire. The nutritional intervention was carried out in three different ways: individual, collective and telephone recall. RESULTS: At the beginning of the study, the BMI showed a situation of weight excess with a mean of 28.83â¯kg/m2 (5.4) in men and 26.96â¯kg/m2 (4.09) in women. 70% of our patients had overweight. The abdominal circumference was 105.3â¯cm (10.2) and 92.3â¯cm (13.7) for men and women respectively without significant changes throughout the study. The percentage of fat mass (FM) was high in both groups for men and women throughout the study. We did not find biochemical parameters of malnutrition and only significant differences were observed in glomerular filtration rate (GFR), which increased in the intervention group. No patient presented any episodes of hyperkalemia during the study. The energy intake in both groups showed an inadequate distribution of macronutrients with a poor intake of carbohydrates (CH) that was supplemented with an excess of fat. In the case of micronutrients, we did observe an increase in potassium and fiber intakes with a decrease in sodium and phosphorus in the intervention group. CONCLUSIONS: Malnutrition is not exclusively an intake defficit and encompasses both the problems derived from a deficit and an excess of nutrients intake. Un to 70% of our patients showed weight excess and a fat mass higher than desirable. The implementation of an individualized nutritional education program, including a vegetables and fiber rich diet, less atherogenic, not only did not cause electrolyte alterations but also slowed the progression of kidney disease.
Assuntos
Hiperpotassemia , Desnutrição , Insuficiência Renal Crônica , Masculino , Humanos , Feminino , Insuficiência Renal Crônica/terapia , Taxa de Filtração Glomerular , Micronutrientes , Desnutrição/etiologiaRESUMO
INTRODUCTION: Patients with advanced chronic kidney disease (ACKD) have a high prevalence of malnutrition. The dietary restrictions that we usually apply in terms of macro and micronutrients force our patients to follow dietary guidelines that deviate from healthy patterns. OBJECTIVES: To determine if a personalized nutritional intervention program, minimizing the usual restrictions would be justified in case it improved the evolution of kidney disease compared to standard treatment. SECONDARY OBJECTIVES: To determine changes in nutrient intakes and in anthropometric and biochemical parameters, as well as quantify episodes of hyperkalemia. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A single-center, randomized and controlled educational intervention clinical trial was conduct in patients from the ERCA outpatients clinic at the Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Albacete. 75 patients were included, assigning 35 to a Control group and 40 to the Intervention group with 1-year follow-up. The nutritional status was determined using anthropometric data, body composition by Bioimpedance, blood and urine biochemical parameters and a 24-h recall questionnaire. The nutritional intervention was carried out in three different ways: individual, collective and telephone recall. RESULTS: At the beginning of the study, the BMI showed a situation of weight excess with a mean of 28.83 kg/m2 (5.4) in men and 26.96 kg/m2 (4.09) in women. 70% of our patients had overweight. The abdominal circumference was 105.3 cm (10.2) and 92.3 cm (13.7) for men and women respectively without significant changes throughout the study. The percentage of fat mass (FM) was high in both groups for men and women throughout the study. We did not find biochemical parameters of malnutrition and only significant differences were observed in glomerular filtration rate (GFR), which increased in the intervention group. No patient presented any episodes of hyperkalemia during the study. The energy intake in both groups showed an inadequate distribution of macronutrients with a poor intake of carbohydrates (CH) that was supplemented with an excess of fat. In the case of micronutrients, we did observe an increase in potassium and fiber intakes with a decrease in sodium and phosphorus in the intervention group. CONCLUSIONS: Malnutrition is not exclusively an intake deficit and encompasses both the problems derived from a deficit and an excess of nutrients intake. Un to 70% of our patients showed weight excess and a fat mass higher than desirable. The implementation of an individualized nutritional education program, including a vegetables and fiber rich diet, less atherogenic, not only did not cause electrolyte alterations but also slowed the progression of kidney disease.
RESUMO
OBJECTIVE: In the Spanish health system, General Practitioners (GPs) play a key role in regulating the flow of patients to hospital care. Most of patients with BPH can be managed through out the evolution of the disease exclusively by the GPs. METHODS: A pre-experimental study was carried outin two periods, before (pre-test) and after (post-test) of the dissemination of a management protocol for patients with BPH. The protocol was trialled in the health area of Villarrobledo and included all referrals to the urology clinic for BPH from Primary Care. We analyzed the appropriate referrals according with the criteria set for thin the protocol and compared the complementary tests through statistical study (descriptive, a bivariate, multivariate analysis and rate calculation) using version 21of the SPSS. RESULTS: Referral rate decreased after the application of the protocol but did not increase the rate of appropriated referrals. Patients referred after setting forth protocol by GPs that assisted to the education program were younger. There were referred less patients with elevated PSA and more patients with clinical progression. These GPs used less test to achieve diagnosis. The GPs whodid not attend were significantly younger, mainly women, with no previous specific training in BPH and without a full time GP position. CONCLUSIONS: The implementation of a protocol has reduced the referral rate, but it has not improved the appropriate referrals. More research is required to understand the determinants of inequalities in referral from primary care.
OBJETIVO: Los médicos de Atención Primaria (MAP) son fundamentales en la regulación del flujo de pacientes desde Atención Primaria (AP), por tanto,es esencial buscar métodos de adecuada gestión de la demanda asistencial y así optimizar recursos. En la hipertrofia benigna de próstata (HBP) se estima que 2/3 de los pacientes pueden ser manejados íntegramentedesd e AP a lo largo de todo el proceso de la HBP.MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: Hemos realizado un estudio pre experimental en dos períodos, antes (pre-test) y después (post-test) de la creación de un protocolo de manejo y derivación de pacientes con HBP. Analizamos la adecuación a los criterios de derivación y el uso de los estudios complementarios para llevar a cabo el diagnóstico, realizando un análisis estadístico (descriptivo, bivariante, multivariante y cálculo de tasas) utilizando SPSS (versión 21). RESULTADOS: La tasa de derivación disminuyó tras la aplicación del protocolo, pero no logró mejorar la adecuación. Los pacientes derivados por los MAP que asistieron al programa educativo fueron más jóvenes. Se remitieron menos pacientes con PSA elevado y más pacientes con progresión clínica. Se utilizaron menos estudios complementarios. Los MAP que no acudieron a la formación eran más jóvenes, principalmente mujeres, sin formación especifica en HBP y con contrato temporal. CONCLUSIONES: A pesar de reducir la tasa de derivación no se consiguió mejorar la adecuación de la derivación de los pacientes. Consideramos necesario analizar la problemática de los MAP y valorar otras intervenciones que podrían mejorar la calidad en la transferencia de responsabilidades.
Assuntos
Hiperplasia Prostática/complicações , Urologia , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Atenção Primária à Saúde , Encaminhamento e ConsultaRESUMO
Cellular aspartate drives cancer cell proliferation, but signaling pathways that rewire aspartate biosynthesis to control cell growth remain largely unknown. Hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF1α) can suppress tumor cell proliferation. Here, we discovered that HIF1α acts as a direct repressor of aspartate biosynthesis involving the suppression of several key aspartate-producing proteins, including cytosolic glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase-1 (GOT1) and mitochondrial GOT2. Accordingly, HIF1α suppresses aspartate production from both glutamine oxidation as well as the glutamine reductive pathway. Strikingly, the addition of aspartate to the culture medium is sufficient to relieve HIF1α-dependent repression of tumor cell proliferation. Furthermore, these key aspartate-producing players are specifically repressed in VHL-deficient human renal carcinomas, a paradigmatic tumor type in which HIF1α acts as a tumor suppressor, highlighting the in vivo relevance of these findings. In conclusion, we show that HIF1α inhibits cytosolic and mitochondrial aspartate biosynthesis and that this mechanism is the molecular basis for HIF1α tumor suppressor activity.
Assuntos
Ácido Aspártico/biossíntese , Subunidade alfa do Fator 1 Induzível por Hipóxia/fisiologia , Neoplasias/metabolismo , Proteínas Supressoras de Tumor/fisiologia , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Aspartato Aminotransferase Citoplasmática/metabolismo , Aspartato Aminotransferase Mitocondrial/metabolismo , Ácido Aspártico/farmacologia , Carcinoma de Células Renais/enzimologia , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Proliferação de Células/efeitos dos fármacos , Feminino , Glutamina/metabolismo , Humanos , Subunidade alfa do Fator 1 Induzível por Hipóxia/metabolismo , Neoplasias Renais/enzimologia , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Proteínas Mitocondriais/antagonistas & inibidores , Neoplasias/patologia , Oxirredução , Proteínas Supressoras de Tumor/metabolismo , Proteína Supressora de Tumor Von Hippel-Lindau/genéticaRESUMO
INTRODUCTION: Introduction: the strict dietary recommendations we impose on patients with advanced chronic kidney disease (ACKD) have negative impact on quality of life. Objective: determine whether such restrictions are justified and if an educational program can improve health-related quality of life (HRQL) parameters. Methods: we carried out an educational intervention, single center, randomized, controlled clinical trial on ACKD outpatients in Albacete. Seventy-five patients were included, 35 in the control group and 40 in the intervention group. Nutritional assessment was based on the Subjetive Global Assessment (SGA) and body mass index (BMI). We used the SF-36 health questionnaire to measure HRQL. In the intervention group we carried out individual, collective and telephone nutritional interventions, adapting diet advice and restrictions in a personalized way. Results: malnutrition measured by Subjective Global Assessment (SGA) in the control group was 20%; meanwhile, in the intervention group it was 29.3% and it improved at the end of the study, but not significantly. BMI showed overweight with a mean of 28.83 kg/m² (DE: 5.4) and 26.96 kg/m² (DE: 4.09), respectively, and did not change throughout the study. The nutritional intervention improved the score in all the subscales except for body pain score. Besides, mental and physical components also improved their scores in the intervention group and worsened them in the control group (p < 0.001). Conclusions: quality of life can be improved in ACKD patients applying an educational nutrition program.
INTRODUCCIÓN: Introducción: las estrictas restricciones dietéticas que imponemos en la enfermedad renal crónica avanzada (ERCA) tienen un impacto negativo en la calidad de vida. Objetivo: determinar si estas restricciones están justificadas y si un programa de educación nutricional mejoraría los parámetros de calidad de vida relacionada con la salud (CVRS). Material y métodos: realizamos un ensayo clínico de intervención educativa, unicéntrico, randomizado y controlado en los pacientes de la consulta ERCA de Albacete. Se incluyeron 75 pacientes, 35 en el grupo control y 40 en el de intervención. Se realizó la valoración nutricional mediante valoración global subjetiva (VGS) e índice de masa corporal (IMC). Para medir la CVRS se empleó el cuestionario de salud SF-36. En el grupo intervención se realizó la intervención nutricional individual, colectiva y por recuerdo telefónico, adaptando a cada paciente el consejo dietético y ajustando las restricciones de forma personalizada. Resultados: la malnutrición medida por VGS fue del 20% en el grupo control y del 29,3% en el grupo intervención, donde mejoró aunque no fue significativo. El IMC mostró sobrepeso con una media de 28,83 (DE: 5,4) y 26,96 kg/m2 (DE: 4,09) respectivamente, sin cambios a lo largo del estudio. La intervención nutricional supuso una mejoría en las puntuaciones de todas las subescalas excepto en el dolor corporal. Además, los componentes físico y mental también mejoraron sus puntuaciones en el grupo intervención y empeoraron significativamente (p < 0,001) en el control. Conclusiones: la calidad de vida se puede mejorar en los pacientes con ERCA aplicando un programa de educación nutricional.
Assuntos
Desnutrição/dietoterapia , Educação de Pacientes como Assunto/métodos , Qualidade de Vida , Insuficiência Renal Crônica/complicações , Índice de Massa Corporal , Dietoterapia/efeitos adversos , Dietoterapia/métodos , Feminino , Inquéritos Epidemiológicos , Humanos , Masculino , Desnutrição/diagnóstico , Desnutrição/psicologia , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Avaliação Nutricional , Sobrepeso/diagnóstico , Medição da Dor , Medicina de Precisão , Insuficiência Renal Crônica/psicologiaRESUMO
Extracellular signal-regulated kinase 5 (ERK5), also known as big mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) 1, is implicated in a wide range of biologic processes, which include proliferation or vascularization. Here, we show that ERK5 is degraded through the ubiquitin-proteasome system, in a process mediated by the tumor suppressor von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) gene, through a prolyl hydroxylation-dependent mechanism. Our conclusions derive from transient transfection assays in Cos7 cells, as well as the study of endogenous ERK5 in different experimental systems such as MCF7, HMEC, or Caki-2 cell lines. In fact, the specific knockdown of ERK5 in pVHL-negative cell lines promotes a decrease in proliferation and migration, supporting the role of this MAPK in cellular transformation. Furthermore, in a short series of fresh samples from human clear cell renal cell carcinoma, high levels of ERK5 correlate with more aggressive and metastatic stages of the disease. Therefore, our results provide new biochemical data suggesting that ERK5 is a novel target of the tumor suppressor VHL, opening a new field of research on the role of ERK5 in renal carcinomas.
Assuntos
Carcinoma de Células Renais/metabolismo , Neoplasias Renais/metabolismo , Proteína Quinase 7 Ativada por Mitógeno/metabolismo , Proteína Supressora de Tumor Von Hippel-Lindau/metabolismo , Adulto , Idoso , Animais , Sequência de Bases , Células COS , Carcinoma de Células Renais/patologia , Linhagem Celular , Movimento Celular , Chlorocebus aethiops , Feminino , Técnicas de Silenciamento de Genes , Humanos , Hidroxilação , Neoplasias Renais/patologia , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Proteína Quinase 7 Ativada por Mitógeno/genética , Dados de Sequência Molecular , Prognóstico , Complexo de Endopeptidases do Proteassoma/metabolismo , Ubiquitina/metabolismo , Proteína Supressora de Tumor Von Hippel-Lindau/genéticaRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To study and review spermatic cord sarcomas, including symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment. METHODS/RESULTS: We review the Spanish and international literature and report 4 new cases: 2 patients with well-differentiated spermatic cord liposarcomas (1 treated by simple tumorectomy), 1 patient with liposarcomatous degeneration of a previously excised atypical lipoma, and 1 patient operated for a malignant retroperitoneal fibrous histiocytoma with subsequent local recurrence in the paratesticular region. CONCLUSIONS: Spermatic cord sarcomas are rare entities that usually appear as painless paratesticular mass. They are diagnosed by imaging studies (ultrasound, computed tomography, magnetic resonance) and confirmed by histological examination. Spermatic cord sarcomas are treated surgically; the efficacy of adjuvant treatments such as chemotherapy or radiation therapy is still under debate.
Assuntos
Neoplasias dos Genitais Masculinos , Cordão Espermático , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Neoplasias dos Genitais Masculinos/diagnóstico , Neoplasias dos Genitais Masculinos/cirurgia , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , SarcomaRESUMO
OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the quality of life of patients with stress urinary incontinence (SUI) operated in the Department of Urology at the Complejo Hospitalario Universitario in Albacete (CHUA). METHODS: Between November 2001 and December 2005, 126 patients with SUI have completed a questionnaire in our centre, before and after undergoing surgery with sling techniques. The questionnaire was the King's Health Questionnaire (KHQ), which is a specific instrument for the measurement of quality of life in patients with urinary incontinence. RESULTS: Mean patient's age was 57.09 years (DE: 9.57). Twelve women (9.5%) had history of previous urinary incontinence surgery. Mean urinary incontinence evolution time was 114.48 months, with a median of 96 months. 38 patients (30.2%) did not present cystocele, 61 (48.4%) presented grade III cystocele, 25 (19.8%) grade II, and 2 (1.6%) grade I. Before surgery, the scale with best score was Personal relationships, with a mean score of 26.8, whereas the scale with worst scores was Impact of urinary incontinence, with a mean score of 82.96. All operations performed consisted in various techniques of transvaginal slings, except one case (0.8%) in which the Kelly technique was performed. Impact of urinary incontinence was the scale with a greater number of patients improving after surgery; 82.9% of the patients (101 cases) gave a better score. The scales showing greater differences of the mean value comparing before/after surgery were impact of urinary incontinence, limitation on the daily life activity, and limitation on social activity. Personal relationships and General health were the two with the smallest improvements. CONCLUSIONS: Surgery demonstrated to improve the symptoms secondary to this disease, therefore, it results in an improvement of the quality of life that is evident in all scales of the questionnaire, mainly in the impact of urinary incontinence, limitations on physical activity, limitations on daily life, and limitation on social activity scales.
Assuntos
Qualidade de Vida , Incontinência Urinária por Estresse/cirurgia , Feminino , Humanos , Pessoa de Meia-IdadeRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: We report two cases of collecting duct carcinoma that were diagnosed in our hospital in a six-month period. METHODS/RESULTS: The first case was a 75years-old woman showing in CT scan a mass in the left kidney which infiltrated perinephric fat. The second case was a 72-years-old that showed in a CT scan a right renal pelvis lesion, involving inferior vena cava and renal vein. After surgical resection by radical nephrectomy in both cases, we confirmed the histological diagnosis of collecting duct carcinoma. CONCLUSIONS: Collecting duct carcinoma is a rare variant of renal cell carcinoma which originates from the epithelium of the collecting tubule. It is characterized by both its aggressiveness and peculiar histological and immunohistochemical diagnosis, that separates it from the rest of renal tumors.
Assuntos
Carcinoma de Células Renais/patologia , Neoplasias Renais/patologia , Túbulos Renais Coletores/patologia , Idoso , Carcinoma de Células Renais/cirurgia , Evolução Fatal , Feminino , Humanos , Neoplasias Renais/cirurgia , Túbulos Renais Coletores/cirurgia , Masculino , Veias Renais/patologia , Veia Cava Inferior/patologiaRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To report one case of late metastasis of a clear cell carcinoma treated by radical surgery. METHODS/RESULTS: Patient with history of radical nephrectomy and lymphadenectomy six years before presenting with regional lymph node metastasis in a followup diagnostic test. After treatment with immunotherapy, stopped because of intolerance, surgery of the metastatic lymph node mass was decided. CONCLUSIONS: Renal cancer is an unpredictable tumor in terms of oncological behaviour, so that it may metastasize any time in its evolution, even after radical surgery and several years free of disease. Surgery for the metastases of renal cancer is a good therapeutic option, with good long-term results, when they are isolated and accessible to surgery.
Assuntos
Carcinoma de Células Renais/secundário , Neoplasias Renais/patologia , Carcinoma de Células Renais/cirurgia , Humanos , Excisão de Linfonodo , Metástase Linfática , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Fatores de TempoRESUMO
OBJECTIVES: To analyze the survival rate in a series of patients with the diagnosis of renal cell carcinoma over a 19 year period based on prognostic factors usually employed in clinical practice. METHODS: Retrospective study of 259 consecutive patients with the diagnosis of renal cell carcinoma undergoing surgery in our department between 1988 and 2006. From clinical, pathological, and follow-up data we performed a survival study comparing the impact of usual prognostic factors: stage, tumor size, nuclear grade, etc. RESULTS: 264 surgical procedures were performed in 259 patients, with a mean age of 6 1.91 yr. The most frequent way of diagnosis was incidental finding (52.12% of the cases); radical nephrectomy was performed in 72.97% of the cases in comparison with 26.25% partial nephrectomies. Clear cell carcinoma was the most frequent histological diagnosis (69.88%). Patients with clear cell carcinoma, symptomatic tumors, bigger size, and greater Fuhrman nuclear grade presented worse survivals, mainly in tumors with stage >pT3a. The presence of involved lymph nodes or distant metastases is associated with a much lower cancer-specific survival. Global five-year cancer-specific survival was over 80%. CONCLUSIONS: The classical prognostic factors used to predict survival in renal cancer are still useful, mainly pathological stage pT. We observed a better survival in comparison with older series, but this kind of tumors continue generating important morbidity-mortality.