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2.
BMC Med Educ ; 21(1): 221, 2021 Apr 20.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33879139

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: The Covid pandemic and associated lockdown forced medical schools globally not only to deliver emergency remote teaching, but to consider alternative methods of high stakes assessment. Here we outline our approach to the resit virtual OSCE ("VOSCE") for final year medical students that we undertook during "lockdown" in the current pandemic. METHODS: The original 'pre Covid' examination blueprint was reviewed and modified for the virtual environment in both format and content. In anticipation of the new format delivery, a number of pre-training sessions took place for all parties, and standardised templates were developed. RESULTS: A total of 9 students undertook the VOSCE, which took the form of a two-part exam (a communication and clinical examination component, and a practical procedures component). The VOSCE was completed by all students, examiners, simulated patients and invigilators on an online digital platform with no issues with regards to technical problems. CONCLUSIONS: A total of 6 students passed the VOSCE and as such progressed to graduation. The limitation of assessing some particular types of skills across the remote format (such as practical procedures) was recognised. The training and the templates developed were helpful in case the VOSCE format needs to be adopted in future at short notice and/or expanded in future.


Assuntos
Desempenho Acadêmico , COVID-19 , Educação a Distância/organização & administração , Estudantes de Medicina , Competência Clínica , Controle de Doenças Transmissíveis , Humanos , Pandemias
3.
Cultur Divers Ethnic Minor Psychol ; 27(2): 234-244, 2021 Apr.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32271044

RESUMO

Objective: Racial discrimination is a common experience for African Americans, but no research has examined how discrimination reported in daily-life moments influences concurrent negative emotions and psychosocial resources. Method: Emerging adult African Americans (N = 54) reported hourly on momentary racial discrimination, negative emotions, and psychosocial resources across two days. Results: Controlling for past discrimination and trait emotion, momentary racial discrimination was associated with greater negative emotions and lower psychosocial resources (ps < .05). The relationship between momentary racial discrimination and negative emotions was stronger among individuals residing in areas with fewer African Americans (simple slope p < .0001). The relationship between momentary racial discrimination and psychosocial resources was stronger among individuals reporting greater past discrimination (simple slope p < .0001). Vicarious discrimination (exposure to discrimination experienced by another person) was associated with higher negative emotions (p < .01), but not with psychosocial resources. Conclusion: These results are the first to demonstrate that personal and vicarious racial discrimination are associated with negative emotions and lower coping resources in daily-life moments and that contextual factors modify these associations. Results refine our understanding of the immediate sequelae of discrimination in daily life and point to possible targets for ecological momentary interventions. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).


Assuntos
Racismo , Adulto , Negro ou Afro-Americano , Emoções , Humanos
4.
Anal Bioanal Chem ; 412(5): 1123-1128, 2020 Feb.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31900537

RESUMO

Since its introduction, gas chromatography (GC) coupled to vacuum ultraviolet spectrophotometry (VUV) has been shown to complement mass spectrometry (MS) for materials such as petrochemicals, explosives, pesticides, and drugs. In forensic chemistry, opioids are commonly encountered but rarely are the samples pure. This work focuses on GC-VUV analysis applied to naturally occurring (e.g., morphine), semi-synthetic (e.g., heroin), and synthetic (fentanyl) opioids as well as common adulterants and diluents (e.g., lidocaine and quinine). The specificity of the VUV spectra were examined visually as well as via descriptive statistical methods (e.g., correlation coefficients and sums of square residuals). Multivariate pattern recognition techniques (principal component analysis and discriminant analysis (DA)) were used to prove the opioid spectra can be reliably differentiated. The accuracy of the DA model was 100% for a test set of VUV spectra. Finally, three "street" heroin samples were analyzed to show "real-world" performance for forensic analyses. These samples contained adulterants such as caffeine, as well as by-products of heroin manufacture.


Assuntos
Cromatografia Gasosa/métodos , Alcaloides Opiáceos/análise , Espectrofotometria Ultravioleta/métodos , Análise Discriminante , Medicina Legal , Análise de Componente Principal , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes
5.
Soc Sci Res ; 71: 11-18, 2018 Mar.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29514753

RESUMO

For over 30 years, researchers have examined social influence using status characteristics theory (Berger and Conner, 1974). While research has investigated beauty and attractiveness as status characteristics (e.g., Webster and Driskell, 1983), there is a dearth of research that examines whether obesity has status value using status characteristics theory. The current paper reviews the literature on, demonstrating how they are related to status characteristics. Next, this paper demonstrates how the effects of both gender and obesity can be explained by considering them as status characteristics, which have the potential to create subsequent status beliefs and stigma. Finally, this study reports empirical findings that support obesity as a status characteristic. We find an effect for obesity on ratings of diffuse status, and effects for both obesity and gender on ratings of influence.

6.
Biochim Biophys Acta ; 1837(8): 1362-75, 2014 Aug.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-24747069

RESUMO

The axial ligands of the acceptor chlorophylls, A(0A) and A(0B), in Photosystem I are the Met sulfur atoms of M688(PsaA) and M668(PsaB). To determine the role of the Met, His variants were generated in Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803. Molecular dynamics simulations on M688H(PsaA) show that there exist low energy conformations with the His coordinated to A(0A) and possibly H-bonded to A(1A). Transient EPR studies on M688H(PsaA) indicate a more symmetrical electron spin distribution in the A(1A) phyllosemiquinone ring consistent with the presence of an H-bond to the C1 carbonyl. Ultrafast optical studies on the variants show that the 150fs charge separation between P700 and A(0) remains unaffected. Studies on the ns timescale show that 57% of the electrons are transferred from A(0A)(-) to A(1A) in M688H(PsaA) and 48% from A(0B)(-) to A(1B) in M668H(PsaB); the remainder recombine with P700(+) with 1/e times of 25ns and 37ns, respectively. Those electrons that reach A(1A) and A(1B) in the branch carrying the mutation are not transferred to FX, but recombine with P700(+) with 1/e times of ~15µs and ~5µs, respectively. Hence, the His is coordinated to A0 in all populations, but in a second population, the His may be additionally H-bonded to A(1). Electron transfer from A(0) to A(1) occurs only in the latter, but the higher redox potentials of A(0) and A(1) as a result of the stronger coordination bond to A(0) and the proposed second H-bond to A(1) preclude electron transfer to the Fe/S clusters.


Assuntos
Clorofila/química , Fotossíntese/genética , Complexo de Proteína do Fotossistema I/química , Synechocystis/genética , Clorofila/genética , Clorofila/metabolismo , Espectroscopia de Ressonância de Spin Eletrônica , Transporte de Elétrons , Histidina , Ligação de Hidrogênio , Cinética , Ligantes , Mutação , Complexo de Proteína do Fotossistema I/genética , Synechocystis/química , Synechocystis/crescimento & desenvolvimento
7.
Hum Psychopharmacol ; 29(3): 230-43, 2014 May.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-24554519

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: We investigated whether micronutrients given acutely following the Christchurch earthquakes continued to confer benefit 1 year following the treatment. METHODS: Sixty-four adults from the original 91 participants experiencing heightened anxiety or stress 2-3 months following the 22nd February 2011 earthquake and who had been randomized to receive three different doses of micronutrients completed on-line questionnaires assessing mood, anxiety, stress, and symptoms associated with post-traumatic stress disorder 1 year after completing the initial study. Twenty-one out of 29 nonrandomized controls who did not receive the treatment also completed the questionnaires. RESULTS: Both the treated and control groups experienced significant improvement in psychological functioning compared with end-of-trial. However, treated participants had better long-term outcomes on most measures compared with controls (ES=0.69-1.31). Those who stayed on micronutrients through to follow-up or stopped all treatment reported better psychological functioning than those who switched to other treatments including medications. About 10% of the sample continued to have post-traumatic stress disorder symptoms. CONCLUSIONS: Disaster survivors improve psychologically over time regardless of receiving intervention; however, those taking micronutrients during the acute phase following a disaster show better outcomes, identifying micronutrients as a viable treatment for acute stress following a natural disaster with maintenance of benefits 1 year later. ACTRN 12611000460909


Assuntos
Transtornos de Ansiedade/tratamento farmacológico , Transtornos de Ansiedade/etiologia , Terremotos , Micronutrientes/administração & dosagem , Transtornos de Estresse Pós-Traumáticos/tratamento farmacológico , Adulto , Depressão/tratamento farmacológico , Depressão/etiologia , Feminino , Seguimentos , Humanos , Masculino , Nova Zelândia , Escalas de Graduação Psiquiátrica , Análise de Regressão , Inquéritos e Questionários , Resultado do Tratamento
8.
RNA Biol ; 10(11): 1714-25, 2013 Nov.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-24157614

RESUMO

hnRNP A2 is a cellular protein that is important for nucleocytoplasmic and cytosolic trafficking of the HIV-1 genomic RNA. Both hnRNP A2's interaction with HIV-1 RNA and its expression levels influence the activities of Rev in mediating nucleocytoplasmic export of the HIV-1 genomic RNA. While the lack of Rev expression during HIV-1 gene expression results in nuclear retention of HIV-1 genomic RNA, we show here by fluorescence in situ hybridization and fractionation studies that the genomic RNA translocates to the cytoplasm when hnRNP A2/B1 are depleted from cells. Polyribosome analyses revealed that the genomic RNA was shunted into a cytoplasmic, dense polyribosomal fraction. This fraction contained several RNA-binding proteins involved in viral gene expression and RNA trafficking but did not contain the translation initiation factor, eIF4G1. Amino acid incorporation into nascent polypeptides in this fraction was also greatly reduced, demonstrating that this fraction contains mRNAs that are poorly translated. These results demonstrate that hnRNP A2/B1 expression plays roles in the nuclear retention of the HIV-1 genomic RNA in the absence of Rev and in the release of the genomic RNA from translationally inactive, cytoplasmic RNP complexes.


Assuntos
HIV-1/genética , HIV-1/metabolismo , Ribonucleoproteínas Nucleares Heterogêneas Grupo A-B/metabolismo , Transporte de RNA/fisiologia , RNA Viral/metabolismo , Produtos do Gene rev do Vírus da Imunodeficiência Humana/metabolismo , Núcleo Celular/fisiologia , Citoplasma/genética , Citoplasma/metabolismo , Genes Virais/genética , Células HeLa , Ribonucleoproteínas Nucleares Heterogêneas Grupo A-B/genética , Humanos , Hibridização in Situ Fluorescente , RNA Mensageiro/genética , RNA Mensageiro/metabolismo , RNA Viral/genética
9.
Eur J Hum Genet ; 31(3): 257-261, 2023 03.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36631541

RESUMO

A Community Genetics carrier screening program for the Jewish community has operated on-site in high schools in Sydney (Australia) for 25 years. During 2020, in response to the COVID-19 pandemic, government-mandated social-distancing, 'lock-down' public health orders, and laboratory supply-chain shortages prevented the usual operation and delivery of the annual testing program. We describe development of three responses to overcome these challenges: (1) pivoting to online education sufficient to ensure informed consent for both genetic and genomic testing; (2) development of contactless telehealth with remote training and supervision for collecting genetic samples using buccal swabs; and (3) a novel patient and specimen identification 'GeneTrustee' protocol enabling fully identified clinical-grade specimens to be collected and DNA extracted by a research laboratory while maintaining full participant confidentiality and privacy. These telehealth strategies for education, consent, specimen collection and sample processing enabled uninterrupted delivery and operation of complex genetic testing and screening programs even amid pandemic restrictions. These tools remain available for future operation and can be adapted to other programs.


Assuntos
COVID-19 , Humanos , COVID-19/epidemiologia , Pandemias , Manejo de Espécimes/métodos , Consentimento Livre e Esclarecido , Testes Genéticos
10.
Hum Psychopharmacol ; 27(5): 440-54, 2012 Sep.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-22782571

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: To compare two micronutrient (vitamins and minerals) formulas (Berocca™ and CNE™) and assess their impact on emotions and stress related to the 6.3 earthquake on February 22(nd) 2011 in Christchurch, New Zealand. METHODS: 91 adults experiencing heightened anxiety or stress 2-3 months following the earthquake were randomized to Berocca™, CNE™ low dose (CNE4), or CNE™ high dose (CNE8), for 28 days and monitored weekly via on-line questionnaires and followed 1 month post-trial. A nonrandomized control group (n = 25) completed questionnaires at baseline and 4 weeks. RESULTS: All treatment groups experienced significant declines in psychological symptoms (p < .001). CNE™ groups experienced greater reduction in intrusive thoughts as compared with Berocca™ (p = .05), with no group differences on other measures of psychological symptoms. However, CNE8 group reported greater improvement in mood, anxiety, and energy (p < .05) with twice as many reporting being "much" to "very much" improved and five times more likely to continue taking CNE™ post-trial than Berocca™ group. Treated participants had better outcomes on most measures over 4 weeks as compared to controls. CONCLUSIONS: This study supports micronutrients as an inexpensive and practical treatment for acute stress following a natural disaster with a slight advantage to higher doses ACTRN 12611000460909.


Assuntos
Terremotos , Micronutrientes/uso terapêutico , Estresse Psicológico/terapia , Adulto , Feminino , Fenoterol , Seguimentos , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Minerais , Nova Zelândia , Estresse Psicológico/etiologia , Resultado do Tratamento , Vitaminas/uso terapêutico , Adulto Jovem
11.
Phytochemistry ; 201: 113265, 2022 Sep.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35660549

RESUMO

The most abundant monoterpenoid indole alkaloids (MIAs) in Catharanthus roseus roots include lochnericine and (+)-echitovenine. The formation of (+)-echitovenine involves a 3-step pathway including (+)-vincadifformine-19-hydroxylase (V19H) that differentiates it from a parallel pathway involved in the formation of lochnericine, hörhammericine and its O-acetylated derivative. Homology based modeling and docking experiments in the present study show that (+) and (-) vincadifformine can occupy the V19H active site and is proven experimentally by showing that (-)-vincadifformine is a competitive inhibitor of V19H. Comparative modeling of V19H with tabersonine 3-oxidase (T3O) and tabersonine 19-hydroxylase (T19H) that accept (-)-aspidosperma MIAs identified four conserved amino acid residues in T3O and T19H that were different in the V19H binding site and were used to generate a series of single-, double-, or four-point mutations in V19H. While all mutants retained their ability to convert (+)-vincadifformine to (+)-minovincinine only the four-point mutant gained T3O activity enabling it to convert (-)-tabersonine to tabersonine 2,3-epoxide. The gain of T3O-like activity following mutagenesis without the loss of V19H activity supports the hypothesis that V19H shares a common ancestor to T3O which is involved in vindoline biosynthesis in C. roseus leaves.


Assuntos
Catharanthus , Alcaloides , Catharanthus/genética , Catharanthus/metabolismo , Alcaloides Indólicos/química , Oxigenases de Função Mista/metabolismo , Mutagênese Sítio-Dirigida , Oxirredutases/metabolismo , Proteínas de Plantas/metabolismo
12.
Brain Cogn ; 77(1): 113-9, 2011 Oct.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-21683500

RESUMO

Responses to threat occur via two known independent processing routes. We propose that early, reflexive processing is predominantly tuned to the detection of congruent combinations of facial cues that signal threat, whereas later, reflective processing is predominantly tuned to incongruent combinations of threat. To test this prediction, we examined responses to threat-gaze expression pairs (anger versus fear expression by direct versus averted gaze). We report on two functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies, one employing prolonged presentations (2s) of threat-gaze pairs to allow for reflective processing (Study 1), and one employing severely restricted (33 ms), backward masked presentations of threat-gaze pairs to isolate reflexive neural responding (Study 2). Our findings offer initial support for the conclusion that early, reflexive responses to threat are predominantly tuned to congruent threat-gaze pairings, whereas later reflective responses are predominantly tuned to ambiguous threat-gaze pairings. These findings highlight a distinct dual function in threat perception.


Assuntos
Agressão/psicologia , Conscientização/fisiologia , Córtex Cerebral/fisiologia , Discriminação Psicológica/fisiologia , Vias Neurais/fisiologia , Adulto , Mapeamento Encefálico , Reação de Fuga/fisiologia , Expressão Facial , Fixação Ocular , Humanos , Imageamento por Ressonância Magnética , Masculino , Mascaramento Perceptivo , Tempo de Reação/fisiologia , Reflexo/fisiologia , Fatores de Tempo , Adulto Jovem
13.
J Chem Phys ; 131(22): 225102, 2009 Dec 14.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-20001084

RESUMO

Given the principal component analysis (PCA) of a molecular dynamics (MD) conformational trajectory for a model protein, we perform orthogonal Procrustean rotation to "best fit" the PCA squared-loading matrix to that of a target matrix computed for a related but different molecular system. The sum of squared deviations of the elements of the rotated matrix from those of the target, known as the error of fit (EOF), provides a quantitative measure of the dissimilarity between the two conformational samples. To estimate precision of the EOF, we perform bootstrap resampling of the molecular conformations within the trajectories, generating a distribution of EOF values for the system and target. The average EOF per variable is determined and visualized to ascertain where, locally, system and target sample properties differ. We illustrate this approach by analyzing MD trajectories for the wild-type and four selected mutants of the beta1 domain of protein G.


Assuntos
Proteínas de Bactérias , Modelos Moleculares , Simulação de Dinâmica Molecular , Sequência de Aminoácidos , Proteínas de Bactérias/química , Proteínas de Ligação ao GTP/química , Conformação Molecular , Dados de Sequência Molecular , Análise de Componente Principal
14.
Disabil Rehabil ; 31(11): 906-13, 2009.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-19191059

RESUMO

PURPOSE: To evaluate the use of quality of life and participation measures in routine rehabilitation practice, determine the relationship between two scales and investigate their ability to evaluate change in a general outpatient population over a time of rehabilitation. METHODS: This cohort study consisted of 55 patients admitted consecutively to an outpatient rehabilitation centre. All participants completed the WHOQOL-BREF and the London Handicap Scale (LHS) at admission and discharge. RESULTS: Non-parametric statistical analysis demonstrated a significant change in the total scores of both the WHOQOL-BREF and LHS over time (Z = -4.33, P < 0.001 and Z = -4.40, P < 0.001 respectively) with 'better' scores on completion of rehabilitation. A strong correlation existed between the total WHOQOL-BREF and LHS scores both cross-sectionally (admission and discharge p > 0.7), and longitudinally (p = 0.63). CONCLUSIONS: Our study demonstrated a strong relationship between quality of life and participation, with change shown using both scales over a period of outpatient rehabilitation. Given the findings, it seems appropriate to use only one of these measures. The WHOQOL-BREF has a wider scope, being useful both to evaluate service delivery in a diverse outpatient population or when measuring an individual over time.


Assuntos
Pacientes Ambulatoriais , Participação do Paciente , Qualidade de Vida , Centros de Reabilitação , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Avaliação da Deficiência , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Estatísticas não Paramétricas , Inquéritos e Questionários
15.
Comput Biol Chem ; 32(3): 149-58, 2008 Jun.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-18356111

RESUMO

The cyclic AMP receptor protein (CRP) of Escherichia coli binds preferentially to DNA sequences possessing a T:A base pair at position 6 (at which the DNA becomes kinked), but with which it does not form any direct interactions. It has been proposed that indirect readout is involved in CRP-DNA binding, in which specificity for this base pair is primarily related to sequence effects on the energetic susceptibility of the DNA to kink formation. In the current study, the possibility of contributions to indirect readout by water-mediated hydrogen bonding of CRP with the T:A base pair was investigated. A 1.0 ns molecular dynamics simulation of the CRP-cAMP-DNA complex in explicit solvent was performed, and assessed for water-mediated CRP-DNA hydrogen bonds; results were compared to several X-ray crystal structures of comparable complexes. While several water-mediated CRP-DNA hydrogen bonds were identified, none of these involved the T:A base pair at position 6. Therefore, the sequence specificity for this base pair is not likely enhanced by water-mediated hydrogen bonding with the CRP.


Assuntos
AMP Cíclico/química , DNA Bacteriano/química , Proteínas de Ligação a DNA/química , Proteínas de Escherichia coli/química , Receptores de AMP Cíclico/química , Água/química , Sequência de Bases , Sítios de Ligação , Biologia Computacional/métodos , Simulação por Computador , Cristalografia por Raios X , Ligação de Hidrogênio , Modelos Biológicos , Modelos Moleculares , Conformação de Ácido Nucleico , Conformação Proteica , Especificidade por Substrato , Termodinâmica
16.
Nat Neurosci ; 6(12): 1323-8, 2003 Dec.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-14625557

RESUMO

We investigated whether individual differences in racial bias among white participants predict the recruitment, and potential depletion, of executive attentional resources during contact with black individuals. White individuals completed an unobtrusive measure of racial bias, then interacted with a black individual, and finally completed an ostensibly unrelated Stroop color-naming test. In a separate functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) session, subjects were presented with unfamiliar black male faces, and the activity of brain regions thought to be critical to executive control was assessed. We found that racial bias predicted activity in right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) in response to black faces. Furthermore, activity in this region predicted Stroop interference after an actual interracial interaction, and it statistically mediated the relation between racial bias and Stroop interference. These results are consistent with a resource depletion account of the temporary executive dysfunction seen in racially biased individuals after interracial contact.


Assuntos
População Negra/psicologia , Imageamento por Ressonância Magnética/métodos , Preconceito , Pensamento/fisiologia , População Branca/psicologia , Adulto , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Estimulação Luminosa/métodos , Córtex Pré-Frontal/fisiologia
17.
J Child Adolesc Psychopharmacol ; 25(10): 783-98, 2015 Dec.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26682999

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to investigate the clinical effect and safety of a broad spectrum, 36 ingredient micronutrient (vitamins and minerals) in treating children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). METHODS: This open-label, on-off-on-off (reversal design) study followed 14 participants (8-12 years of age) with ADHD, diagnosed using standardized instruments, for 6 months with no dropouts. Following baseline assessment, including hematology and biochemistry screening, participants began an 8 week treatment phase with micronutrients titrated up to maximum dose (15 capsules/day). Treatment was withdrawn for 4 weeks, reinstated for a further 8 weeks, and then withdrawn for 4 weeks. Primary outcomes included the Conners' Parent Rating Scale, the Clinical Global Impressions Scale (CGI), and the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire - Parent version (SDQ). Secondary outcomes were mood and global functioning. RESULTS: Modified Brinley plots revealed a reduction in ADHD symptoms, improved mood, and improved overall functioning during intervention phases, and deterioration in ADHD symptoms, mood, and overall functioning during the withdrawal phases. Reliable change analyses, Cohen's d and percent superiority effect sizes, 95% confidence intervals and t tests confirmed clinically and statistically significant change between the intervention and withdrawal phases, with large effect sizes observed pre- to post-exposure of micronutrients (d = 1.2-2.2) on ADHD symptoms during intervention phases. Seventy-one percent of participants showed at least a 30% decrease in ADHD symptoms by the end of the second treatment phase, and 79% were identified as "much improved" or "very much improved" at the end of the second phase (5 months) based on the clinician-rated CGI when considering functioning generally. The SDQ showed that these benefits occurred across other areas of functioning including emotional symptoms, conduct problems, and prosocial behaviours. The children's self-reports confirmed the improvements. Excellent adherence to treatment occurred throughout, side effects were mild and transitory, and no safety issues were identified through blood analyses. CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrates the clinical benefit, feasibility, and safety of broad-spectrum micronutrients in the treatment of childhood ADHD. Replications utilizing double-blind placebo-controlled studies are warranted. Trial is registered with the Australia and New Zealand Clinical Trial Registry: ACTRN12612000645853.


Assuntos
Afeto/efeitos dos fármacos , Transtorno do Deficit de Atenção com Hiperatividade/tratamento farmacológico , Micronutrientes/uso terapêutico , Criança , Método Duplo-Cego , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Micronutrientes/farmacologia , Testes Neuropsicológicos/estatística & dados numéricos , Pais
18.
Biol Psychiatry ; 56(7): 516-21, 2004 Oct 01.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-15450788

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: It has been established that individuals who score high on measures of psychopathy demonstrate difficulty when performing tasks requiring the interpretation of other's emotional states. The aim of this study was to elucidate the relation of emotion and cognition to individual differences on a standard psychopathy personality inventory (PPI) among a nonpsychiatric population. METHODS: Twenty participants completed the PPI. Following survey completion, a mean split of their scores on the emotional-interpersonal factor was performed, and participants were placed into a high or low group. Functional magnetic resonance imaging data were collected while participants performed a recognition task that required attention be given to either the affect or identity of target stimuli. RESULTS: No significant behavioral differences were found. In response to the affect recognition task, significant differences between high- and low-scoring subjects were observed in several subregions of the frontal cortex, as well as the amygdala. No significant differences were found between the groups in response to the identity recognition condition. CONCLUSIONS: Results indicate that participants scoring high on the PPI, although not behaviorally distinct, demonstrate a significantly different pattern of neural activity (as measured by blood oxygen level-dependent contrast)in response to tasks that require affective processing. The results suggest a unique neural signature associated with personality differences in a nonpsychiatric population.


Assuntos
Afeto , Tonsila do Cerebelo/fisiologia , Mapeamento Encefálico , Discriminação Psicológica/fisiologia , Personalidade/fisiologia , Córtex Pré-Frontal/fisiologia , Adulto , Transtorno da Personalidade Antissocial/classificação , Expressão Facial , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Comunicação não Verbal , Inventário de Personalidade , Valores de Referência
19.
Neuropsychologia ; 41(14): 1863-7, 2003.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-14572519

RESUMO

The present report used functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to examine the neural correlates of thought suppression. Subjects were imaged while alternately (i) attempting to suppress a particular thought, (ii) attempting to suppress all thoughts, or (iii) thinking freely about any thought. Suppression of a particular thought, when compared to the free-thought control condition, revealed greater activation in the anterior cingulate. When the task of suppressing all conscious thoughts was compared to free-thought, a more distributed network of brain regions, including the anterior cingulate and the insula, was activated. These findings are consistent with previous research on cognitive control and may provide potential insights into psychological disorders involving recurring, intrusive thoughts.


Assuntos
Encéfalo/fisiologia , Repressão Psicológica , Pensamento/fisiologia , Adulto , Encéfalo/anatomia & histologia , Mapeamento Encefálico , Cognição/fisiologia , Feminino , Humanos , Processamento de Imagem Assistida por Computador , Imageamento por Ressonância Magnética/métodos , Masculino
20.
Can Assoc Radiol J ; 63(3 Suppl): S33-6, 2012 Aug.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-22277803

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION: To assess the incidence and clinical significance of pneumoperitoneum after radiologic percutaneous gastrojejunostomy (PGJ) tube insertion. METHODS: Sixteen subjects were prospectively assessed after imaging-guided PGJ tube insertion to discern the incidence of pneumoperitoneum related to specific clinical signs and symptoms. Computed tomography of the abdomen and the pelvis was performed immediately after PGJ insertion. A clinical evaluation, including history, general and abdominal physical examination, temperature, complete blood cell count, abdominal pain, and abdominal tension, was performed on days 1 and 3, and at the discretion of the nutritional support team on day 7 after PGJ insertion. RESULTS: Fifteen of the 16 subjects demonstrated imaging findings of pneumoperitoneum after the PGJ-tube insertion. Only a small amount of pneumoperitoneum was demonstrated in 10 of the subjects, whereas a large volume of gas was detected in 2 of the subjects. The only altered clinical findings encountered were increased white blood cell count and fever. These abnormal clinical data were most frequently seen immediately after feeding-tube placement. DISCUSSION: Pneumoperitoneum was a common finding after PGJ-tube placement in our study population. There were no statistically significant abnormal clinical parameters, in the presence or absence of pneumoperitoneum, for any of the subjects after PGJ-tube insertion. Conservative management of pneumoperitoneum after PGJ is warranted.


Assuntos
Derivação Gástrica/efeitos adversos , Pneumoperitônio/diagnóstico por imagem , Pneumoperitônio/etiologia , Radiografia Intervencionista , Tomografia Computadorizada por Raios X , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Feminino , Fluoroscopia , Humanos , Incidência , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Pneumoperitônio/epidemiologia , Estudos Prospectivos , Fatores de Risco , Resultado do Tratamento
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