RESUMO
BACKGROUND: The Brazilian Ministry of Health (MoH) recommends double screening (DS) for syphilis and HIV during the first and third trimesters of antenatal care (ANC) to mitigate vertical transmission. We surveyed DS outcomes and their associated factors in a priority Brazilian municipality with >100 000 inhabitants who face challenges for both health problems. METHODS: A total of 399 women were followed up throughout pregnancy using medical records. Spatial and multinomial logistic analyses were performed. RESULTS: There was an incidence rate of 24.8%, 59.4% and 15.8% for 'full DS', 'partial DS' and 'without DS', respectively. Younger women and those with a history of both prematurity and multiparity were less likely to be in the 'full DS' category. There was an overlap of high-density clusters of 'full DS' and 'ANC in better quality basic health units', adherent to both the Family Health Strategy and the National Program for Access and Quality Improvement in Primary Care. CONCLUSIONS: The poor DS outcomes presented in 75% of the cases were mostly linked to delays in starting ANC appointments or their discontinuity. Thus, the MoH recommendations, accompanied by ongoing training, technical assistance and the periodic evaluation of their implementation, need to effectively reach providers and promote counseling and awareness about the importance of DS for pregnant women.
Assuntos
Infecções por HIV , Complicações Infecciosas na Gravidez , Sífilis , Feminino , Gravidez , Humanos , Gestantes , Sífilis/diagnóstico , Sífilis/epidemiologia , Complicações Infecciosas na Gravidez/diagnóstico , Complicações Infecciosas na Gravidez/epidemiologia , Complicações Infecciosas na Gravidez/prevenção & controle , Brasil/epidemiologia , Incidência , Infecções por HIV/diagnóstico , Infecções por HIV/epidemiologia , Infecções por HIV/prevenção & controle , Fatores de Risco , Análise Espacial , Transmissão Vertical de Doenças Infecciosas/prevenção & controleRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To estimate the prevalence of syphilis and its associated factors in women who were treated at public maternity hospitals and received prenatal care in a primary healthcare unit. METHODS: This cross-sectional study included 399 postpartum women. Interviews were conducted, and additional data were extracted from the pregnant woman's booklet, medical records, and printed tests. The dependent variable was a gestational syphilis diagnosis. The independent variables were grouped into socioeconomic and demographic, behavioral, reproductive, and prenatal blocks. The prevalence, prevalence ratios, and 95% confidence intervals (95%CI) were calculated. The χ 2 test was also performed (p≤0.05). Multivariate analysis was performed using Poisson regression models. RESULTS: The prevalence of gestational syphilis was 9.61% (95%CI: 7.14-12.83). We identified the following determining factors (adjusted prevalence ratios): history of sexually transmitted infections (2.3), first sexual intercourse by the age of 15 (2.42), partner having a history of syphilis (5.98), partner using crack/cocaine (6.42) and marijuana and others (3.02), not having a partner (3.07), low income (2.85), history of stillbirth (5.21), beginning prenatal care in the third trimester (3.15), and prenatal care received in a primary healthcare unit (without a Family Health Strategy team) (0.35). CONCLUSION: Individual and prenatal factors were associated with gestational syphilis. To control congenital syphilis, targeted interventions are needed to control syphilis in the adult population including expansion of access to quality prenatal care with identification of risks for syphilis and connection between prevention and treatment actions, implementation of strategies focused on early sexual education, effective establish prenatal care involving both partners, and effective implementation of the National Men's Health Policy (PNAISH - Política Nacional de Atenção Integral à Saúde dos Homens ).
Assuntos
Complicações Infecciosas na Gravidez , Sífilis , Adulto , Masculino , Feminino , Gravidez , Humanos , Cuidado Pré-Natal , Sífilis/diagnóstico , Sífilis/epidemiologia , Sífilis/prevenção & controle , Estudos Transversais , Complicações Infecciosas na Gravidez/diagnóstico , Complicações Infecciosas na Gravidez/epidemiologia , Atenção Primária à SaúdeRESUMO
ABSTRACT Objective To estimate the prevalence of syphilis and its associated factors in women who were treated at public maternity hospitals and received prenatal care in a primary healthcare unit. Methods This cross-sectional study included 399 postpartum women. Interviews were conducted, and additional data were extracted from the pregnant woman's booklet, medical records, and printed tests. The dependent variable was a gestational syphilis diagnosis. The independent variables were grouped into socioeconomic and demographic, behavioral, reproductive, and prenatal blocks. The prevalence, prevalence ratios, and 95% confidence intervals (95%CI) were calculated. The χ 2 test was also performed (p≤0.05). Multivariate analysis was performed using Poisson regression models. Results The prevalence of gestational syphilis was 9.61% (95%CI: 7.14-12.83). We identified the following determining factors (adjusted prevalence ratios): history of sexually transmitted infections (2.3), first sexual intercourse by the age of 15 (2.42), partner having a history of syphilis (5.98), partner using crack/cocaine (6.42) and marijuana and others (3.02), not having a partner (3.07), low income (2.85), history of stillbirth (5.21), beginning prenatal care in the third trimester (3.15), and prenatal care received in a primary healthcare unit (without a Family Health Strategy team) (0.35). Conclusion Individual and prenatal factors were associated with gestational syphilis. To control congenital syphilis, targeted interventions are needed to control syphilis in the adult population including expansion of access to quality prenatal care with identification of risks for syphilis and connection between prevention and treatment actions, implementation of strategies focused on early sexual education, effective establish prenatal care involving both partners, and effective implementation of the National Men's Health Policy (PNAISH - Política Nacional de Atenção Integral à Saúde dos Homens ).
RESUMO
Objetivos: Estimar tendências temporais na incidência de sífilis congênita (SC) em Minas Gerais e regiões de saúde e investigar a distribuição espacial da doença, identificando regiões de maior incidência e sua associação com fatores socioeconômicos e assistenciais. Métodos: Estudo ecológico que teve as regiões de saúde como unidades de análise. Foram estimadas tendências temporais de incidência de SC no período de 2001 a 2018 para o estado e suas 13 macrorregiões de saúde e, na segunda etapa, uma análise espacial para investigar a associação entre a incidência média da SC de 2011 a 2018 e fatores socioeconômicos e assistenciais em 2010 nas microrregiões de saúde. Resultados: Todas as regiões de saúde tiveram grande crescimento na incidência de SC e a taxa estadual teve aumento médio anual de 22,5% (IC95%: 17,3%; 28,0%). As taxas de incidência foram maiores nos grandes centros urbanos e menores nas regiões de maior Índice de Desenvolvimento Humano. As regiões com ESF consolidadas tiveram taxas 24,4% menores (IC95%: 0,5%; 42,8%). A maior proporção de adequação do pré-natal ao número mínimo de consultas preconizadas também teve associação com menores taxas de incidência. Conclusões: A incidência de SC teve grande crescimento no período recente, especialmente em grandes centros urbanos e regiões com menor cobertura da ESF e de pré-natal.
Objectives: To estimate temporal trends in incidence of congenital syphilis (CS) in Minas Gerais and health regions and to investigate the spatial distribution of disease, identifying regions of higher incidence and its association with socioeconomic and care factors. Methods: Ecological study that used health regions as units of analysis. Temporal trends in incidence of CS from 2001 to 2018 were estimated for the state and its 13 health macro-regions and in the second stage, a spatial analysis was performed to investigate the association between the average incidence of SC from 2011 to 2018 and socioeconomic and care factors in 2010 in health micro-regions. Results: All health regions had great growth in incidence of CS and the state rate had an average annual increase of 22.5% (95% CI:17.3%; 28.0%). Incidence rates were higher in large urban centers and lower in regions with the highest Human Development Index. The regions with consolidated ESF had rates 24.4% lower (95% CI: 0.5%; 42.8%). The higher proportion of adequacy of prenatal care to the minimum number of recommended consultations was also associated with lower incidence rates. Conclusions: The incidence of CS has grown significantly in the recent period, especially in large urban centers and regions with less FHS coverage and prenatal care.