Conjoint analysis of succinylome and phosphorylome reveals imbalanced HDAC phosphorylation-driven succinylayion dynamic contibutes to lung cancer.

Cancerous genetic mutations result in a complex and comprehensive post-translational modification (PTM) dynamics, in which protein succinylation is well known for its ability to reprogram cell metabolism and is involved in the malignant evolution. Little is known about the regulatory interactions between succinylation and other PTMs in the PTM network. Here, we developed a conjoint analysis and systematic clustering method to explore the intermodification communications between succinylome and phosphorylome from eight lung cancer patients. We found that the intermodification coorperation in both parallel and series. Besides directly participating in metabolism pathways, some phosphosites out of mitochondria were identified as an upstream regulatory modification directing succinylome dynamics in cancer metabolism reprogramming. Phosphorylated activation of histone deacetylase (HDAC) in lung cancer resulted in the removal of acetylation and favored the occurrence of succinylation modification of mitochondrial proteins. These results suggest a tandem regulation between succinylation and phosphorylation in the PTM network and provide HDAC-related targets for intervening mitochondrial succinylation and cancer metabolism reprogramming.

Morphological and regional spontaneous functional aberrations in the brain associated with Crohn's disease: a systematic review and coordinate-based meta-analyses.

Crohn's disease is an acknowledged "brain-gut" disorder with unclear physiopathology. This study aims to identify potential neuroimaging biomarkers of Crohn's disease. Gray matter volume, cortical thickness, amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations, and regional homogeneity were selected as indices of interest and subjected to analyses using both activation likelihood estimation and seed-based d mapping with permutation of subject images. In comparison to healthy controls, Crohn's disease patients in remission exhibited decreased gray matter volume in the medial frontal gyrus and concurrently increased regional homogeneity. Furthermore, gray matter volume reduction in the medial superior frontal gyrus and anterior cingulate/paracingulate gyri, decreased regional homogeneity in the median cingulate/paracingulate gyri, superior frontal gyrus, paracentral lobule, and insula were observed. The gray matter changes of medial frontal gyrus were confirmed through both methods: decreased gray matter volume of medial frontal gyrus and medial superior frontal gyrus were identified by activation likelihood estimation and seed-based d mapping with permutation of subject images, respectively. The meta-regression analyses showed a positive correlation between regional homogeneity alterations and patient age in the supplementary motor area and a negative correlation between gray matter volume changes and patients' anxiety scores in the medial superior frontal gyrus. These anomalies may be associated with clinical manifestations including abdominal pain, psychiatric disorders, and possibly reflective of compensatory mechanisms.

Bip-Yorkie interaction determines oncogenic and tumor-suppressive roles of Ire1/Xbp1s activation.

Unfolded protein response (UPR) is the mechanism by which cells control endoplasmic reticulum (ER) protein homeostasis. ER proteostasis is essential to adapt to cell proliferation and regeneration in development and tumorigenesis, but mechanisms linking UPR, growth control, and cancer progression remain unclear. Here, we report that the Ire1/Xbp1s pathway has surprisingly oncogenic and tumor-suppressive roles in a context-dependent manner. Activation of Ire1/Xbp1s up-regulates their downstream target Bip, which sequesters Yorkie (Yki), a Hippo pathway transducer, in the cytoplasm to restrict Yki transcriptional output. This regulation provides an endogenous defensive mechanism in organ size control, intestinal homeostasis, and regeneration. Unexpectedly, Xbp1 ablation promotes tumor overgrowth but suppresses invasiveness in a Drosophila cancer model. Mechanistically, hyperactivated Ire1/Xbp1s signaling in turn induces JNK-dependent developmental and oncogenic cell migration and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) via repression of Yki. In humans, a negative correlation between XBP1 and YAP (Yki ortholog) target gene expression specifically exists in triple-negative breast cancers (TNBCs), and those with high XBP1 or HSPA5 (Bip ortholog) expression have better clinical outcomes. In human TNBC cell lines and xenograft models, ectopic XBP1s or HSPA5 expression alleviates tumor growth but aggravates cell migration and invasion. These findings uncover a conserved crosstalk between the Ire1/Xbp1s and Hippo signaling pathways under physiological settings, as well as a crucial role of Bip-Yki interaction in tumorigenesis that is shared from Drosophila to humans.

Clinical Impact of Plasma Metagenomic Next-Generation Sequencing on Infection Diagnosis and Antimicrobial Therapy in Immunocompromised Patients.

BACKGROUND: Clinical impact of plasma metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) on infection diagnosis and antimicrobial therapy in immunocompromised patients with suspected infection remains unclear. METHODS: Between March and December 2022, 424 cases with fever, infection history, mechanical ventilation, or imaging abnormalities underwent plasma mNGS testing at a single center. Eleven patients have received solid organ transplantation, and the remaining patients were categorised into febrile neutropenia (FN), non-neutropenia (NN), and non-haematologic disease (NTHD) groups based on immunosuppression severity. The diagnostic rate of infection and the utilisation of antimicrobial agents based on mNGS were assessed. RESULTS: The use of mNGS significantly improved the diagnostic rates for fungi in the FN (56.1%, P = 0.003) and NN (58.8%, P = 0.008) groups versus the NHD group (33.3%). Positive impacts associated with therapy were significantly greater than negative impacts across all three groups (all P < 0.001), and the utilisation of escalation therapy was significantly more frequent in the FN group than in the NN groups (P = 0.006). Over 70% of cases with negative mNGS results across the three groups underwent de-escalation therapy, with >1/3 being discontinued, preventing antimicrobial overuse. CONCLUSIONS: Plasma mNGS has a clinically confirmed positive impact in immunocompromised patients with neutropenia, improving the diagnosis of fungal infections and antimicrobial therapy.

Mechanistic Insights into the Origins of Selectivity in a Cu-Catalyzed C-H Amidation Reaction.

The catalytic transformation of C-H to C-N bonds offers rapid access to fine chemicals and high-performance materials, but achieving high selectivity from undirected aminations of unactivated C(sp3)-H bonds remains an outstanding challenge. We report the origins of the reactivity and selectivity of a Cu-catalyzed C-H amidation of simple alkanes. Using a combination of experimental and computational mechanistic studies and energy decomposition techniques, we uncover a switch in mechanism from inner-sphere to outer-sphere coupling between alkyl radicals and the active Cu(II) catalyst with increasing substitution of the alkyl radical. The combination of computational predictions and detailed experimental validation shows that simultaneous minimization of both Cu-C covalency and alkyl radical size increases the rate of reductive elimination and that both strongly electron-donating and electron-withdrawing substituents on the catalyst accelerate the selectivity-determining C-N bond formation process as a result of a change in mechanism. These findings offer design principles for the development of improved catalyst scaffolds for radical C-H functionalization reactions.

Chiral Linker Installation in a Metal-Organic Framework for Enantioselective Luminescent Sensing.

Linker installation is a potent strategy for integrating specific properties and functionalities into metal-organic frameworks (MOFs). This method enhances the structural diversity of frameworks and enables the precise construction of robust structures, complementing the conventional postsynthetic modification approaches, by fully leveraging open metal sites and active organic linkers at targeting locations. Herein, we demonstrated an insertion of a d-camphorate linker into a flexible Zr-based MOF, PCN-700, through linker installation. The resultant homochiral MOF not only exhibits remarkable stability but also functions as a highly efficient luminescent material for enantioselective sensing. Competitive absorption and energy/electron transfer processes contribute to the sensing performance, while the difference in binding affinities dominates the enantioselectivity. This work presents a straightforward route to crafting stable homochiral MOFs for enantioselective sensing.

Assessment of Right Atrial Function Measured with Cardiac MRI Feature Tracking for Predicting Outcomes in Patients with Dilated Cardiomyopathy.

Background Right atrial (RA) function strain is increasingly acknowledged as an important predictor of adverse events in patients with diverse cardiovascular conditions. However, the prognostic value of RA strain in patients with dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) remains uncertain. Purpose To evaluate the prognostic value of RA strain derived from cardiac MRI (CMR) feature tracking (FT) in patients with DCM. Materials and Methods This multicenter, retrospective study included consecutive adult patients with DCM who underwent CMR between June 2010 and May 2022. RA strain parameters were obtained using CMR FT. The primary end points were sudden or cardiac death or heart transplant. Cox regression analysis was used to determine the association of variables with outcomes. Incremental prognostic value was evaluated using C indexes and likelihood ratio tests. Results A total of 526 patients with DCM (mean age, 51 years ± 15 [SD]; 381 male) were included. During a median follow-up of 41 months, 79 patients with DCM reached the primary end points. At univariable analysis, RA conduit strain was associated with the primary end points (hazard ratio [HR], 0.82 [95% CI: 0.76, 0.87]; P < .001). In multivariable Cox analysis, RA conduit strain was an independent predictor for the primary end points (HR, 0.83 [95% CI: 0.77, 0.90]; P < .001). A model combining RA conduit strain with other clinical and conventional imaging risk factors (C statistic, 0.80; likelihood ratio, 92.54) showed improved discrimination and calibration for the primary end points compared with models with clinical variables (C statistic, 0.71; likelihood ratio, 37.12; both P < .001) or clinical and imaging variables (C statistic, 0.75; likelihood ratio, 64.69; both P < .001). Conclusion CMR FT-derived RA conduit strain was an independent predictor of adverse outcomes among patients with DCM, providing incremental prognostic value when combined in a model with clinical and conventional CMR risk factors. Published under a CC BY 4.0 license. Supplemental material is available for this article.

Age- and Sex-Specific MR-Feature Tracking Reference Values of Right Atrial Deformation in Healthy Adults.

BACKGROUND: Although right atrial (RA) myocardial deformation has important implications for patient diagnosis, prognosis, and risk stratification, its implementation in clinical practice has been hampered by limited normal reference values, especially in Asian populations. PURPOSE: To establish age- and sex-specific reference values for RA strain, strain rate (SR), and displacement based on a large sample of healthy Chinese adults using MR-feature tracking (MR-FT). STUDY TYPE: Retrospective. POPULATION: 524 healthy Chinese adults (287 male; mean age 43.7 ± 11.9 years). FIELD STRENGTH/SEQUENCE: 1.5T/balanced steady-state free precession. ASSESSMENT: RA deformation parameters, including reservoir, conduit, and booster strain (εs, εe, and εa), peak positive, early negative, and late negative SR (SRs, SRe, and SRa), and total, passive, and active displacement (Ds, De, and Da), were assessed using MR-FT. STATISTICAL TESTS: Student's t-test, one-way ANOVA, coefficients of determination (r2 ), intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC), and Bland-Altman plots. A P value <0.05 was considered significant. RESULTS: Women demonstrated significantly greater magnitudes of RA deformation parameters than men: εs (57.4% ± 15.1% vs. 44.3% ± 12.6%), εe (37.5% ± 13.4% vs. 27.4% ± 10.9%), εa (19.9% ± 5.7% vs. 16.9% ± 5.0%), SRs (2.62 ± 0.88 sec-1 vs. 2.00 ± 0.63 sec-1 ), SRe (-2.98 ± 1.26 sec-1 vs. -2.16 ± 0.92 sec-1 ), SRa (-2.28 ± 0.75 sec-1 vs. -1.84 ± 0.62 sec-1 ), Ds (-7.80 ± 1.90 mm vs. -7.46 ± 1.70 mm), and De (-4.84 ± 1.31 mm vs. -4.49 ± 1.21 mm). For both sexes, aging was significantly associated with decreased RA reservoir and conduit function (εs, SRs, Ds, εe, SRe, and De), and with increased εa and Da. RA deformation measurements had good to excellent intraobserver and interobserver reproducibility, with ICCs ranging from to 0.790 to 0.972. DATA CONCLUSION: This study provides age- and sex-specific reference values of RA strain, SR, and displacement based on a large cohort of healthy Chinese adults using MR-FT. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: 3 TECHNICAL EFFICACY: Stage 2.

Marinicella meishanensis sp. nov., a novel Marinicella member isolated from coastal mudflat sediment of Meishan Islandin the East China Sea.

A Gram-negative, rod-shaped, non-motile and strictly aerobic strain, designated NBU2979T, was isolated from a coastal mudflat located on Meishan Island in the East China Sea. Strain NBU2979T grew optimally at 32 °C, with 2.0 % NaCl (w/v) and at pH 7.0-7.5. The predominant fatty acid (>10 %) was iso-C15 : 0. The major polar lipids included phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidyldimethylethanolamine, phosphatidylcholine, an unidentified glycolipid, two unidentified aminophospholipids, an unidentified phospholipid and an unidentified lipid. The only respiratory quinone was ubiquinone-8. Comparative analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain NBU2979T exhibited highest similarity to Marinicella sediminis F2T (98.0 %), Marinicella marina S1101T (97.5 %), Marinicella litoralis KMM 3900T (96.6 %), Marinicella rhabdoformis 3539T (95.5 %), Marinicella pacifica sw153T (95.2 %) and Marinicella gelatinilytica S6413T (94.9 %). Phylogenetic analyses indicated that strain NBU2979T clustered with the genus Marinicella and was closely related to strain M. sediminis F2T. The average nucleotide identity and digital DNA-DNA hybridization values between strain NBU2979T and related species of genus Marinicella were well below the threshold limit for prokaryotic species delineation. The DNA G+C content of strain NBU2979T was 51.6 mol%. Based on its phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and genotypic data, strain NBU2979T (=KCTC 82911T=MCCC 1K06402T) is considered to be a representative of a novel species in the genus Marinicella, for which the name Marinicella meishanensis sp. nov. is proposed.

Mechanistic Aspects of Photodegradation of Deoxynucleosides Induced by Triplet State of Effluent Organic Matter.

Excited triplet states of wastewater effluent organic matter (3EfOM*) are known as important photo-oxidants in the degradation of extracellular antibiotic resistance genes (eArGs) in sunlit waters. In this work, we further found that 3EfOM* showed highly selective reactivity toward 2'-deoxyguanosine (dG) sites within eArGs in irradiated EfOM solutions at pH 7.0, while it showed no photosensitizing capacity toward 2'-deoxyadenosine, 2'-deoxythymidine, and 2'-deoxycytidine (the basic structures of eArGs). The 3EfOM* contributed to the photooxidation of dG primarily via one-electron transfer mechanism, with second-order reaction rate constants of (1.58-1.74) × 108 M-1 s-1, forming the oxidation intermediates of dG (dG(-H)•). The formed dG(-H)• could play a significant role in hole hopping and damage throughout eArGs. Using the four deoxynucleosides as probes, the upper limit for the reduction potential of 3EfOM* is estimated to be between 1.47 and 1.94 VNHE. Compared to EfOM, the role of the triplet state of terrestrially natural organic matter (3NOM*) in dG photooxidation was minor (∼15%) mainly due to the rapid reverse reactions of dG(-H)• by the antioxidant moieties of NOM. This study advances our understanding of the difference in the photosensitizing capacity and electron donating capacity between NOM and EfOM and the photodegradation mechanism of eArGs induced by 3EfOM*.

Simultaneous improvement of fiber yield and quality in upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) by integration of auxin transport and synthesis.

Cotton is a widely planted commercial crop in the world. Enhancing fiber yield and quality is a long-term goal for cotton breeders. Our previous work has demonstrated that fine promotion of auxin biosynthesis in ovule epidermis, by overexpressing FBP7pro::iaaM, has a significant improvement on lint yield and fiber fineness. Lately, transgenic cottons overexpressing GhROP6 variants modify mature fiber length by controlling GhPIN3a-mediated polar auxin transport in ovules. Here, this study showed that all these GhROP6-related cottons displayed unsatisfactory agronomic performance in field conditions. Yet extra auxin supply could promote their fiber development, suggesting inadequate auxin supply in the ovules. Thus, these cottons were integrated with enhanced auxin synthesis by crossing with FBP7pro::iaaM cotton. All the transgene-stacked cottons exhibited synergetic effects on cotton yield (seedcotton yield, lint yield, and lint percentage) and quality (length, strength, and micronaire). Notably, comparing to the FBP7pro::iaaM background, the transgene-stacked cotton co-expressing FBP7pro::iaaM and CA-ghrop6 (constitutively active GhROP6) exhibited a 12.6% increase in seedcotton yield and a 19.0% increase in lint yield over a three-year field trial, and simultaneously resulted in further improvement on fiber length, strength, and micronaire. Collectively, our data provide a potential strategy for genetic improvement on cotton fiber yield and quality. Supplementary Information: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s11032-024-01500-w.

The role of reactive oxygen species in plant-virus interactions.

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) play a complex role in interactions between plant viruses and their host plants. They can both help the plant defend against viral infection and support viral infection and spread. This review explores the various roles of ROS in plant-virus interactions, focusing on their involvement in symptom development and the activation of plant defense mechanisms. The article discusses how ROS can directly inhibit viral infection, as well as how they can regulate antiviral mechanisms through various pathways involving miRNAs, virus-derived small interfering RNAs, viral proteins, and host proteins. Additionally, it examines how ROS can enhance plant resistance by interacting with hormonal pathways and external substances. The review also considers how ROS might promote viral infection and transmission, emphasizing their intricate role in plant-virus dynamics. These insights offer valuable guidance for future research, such as exploring the manipulation of ROS-related gene expression through genetic engineering, developing biopesticides, and adjusting environmental conditions to improve plant resistance to viruses. This framework can advance research in plant disease resistance, agricultural practices, and disease control.

Reactive oxygen species-scavenging nanomaterials for the prevention and treatment of age-related diseases.

With increasing proportion of the elderly in the population, age-related diseases (ARD) lead to a considerable healthcare burden to society. Prevention and treatment of ARD can decrease the negative impact of aging and the burden of disease. The aging rate is closely associated with the production of high levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS). ROS-mediated oxidative stress in aging triggers aging-related changes through lipid peroxidation, protein oxidation, and DNA oxidation. Antioxidants can control autoxidation by scavenging free radicals or inhibiting their formation, thereby reducing oxidative stress. Benefiting from significant advances in nanotechnology, a large number of nanomaterials with ROS-scavenging capabilities have been developed. ROS-scavenging nanomaterials can be divided into two categories: nanomaterials as carriers for delivering ROS-scavenging drugs, and nanomaterials themselves with ROS-scavenging activity. This study summarizes the current advances in ROS-scavenging nanomaterials for prevention and treatment of ARD, highlights the potential mechanisms of the nanomaterials used and discusses the challenges and prospects for their applications.

Analysis of High-Risk Factors and Mortality Prediction of Ruptured Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm.

INTRODUCTION: Ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysms (RAAAs) are among the most dangerous emergencies in vascular surgery, with a high death rate and numerous risk factors influencing perioperative death. Therefore, identifying the critical risk factors for RAAAs is crucial to increasing their survival rate. Our aim was to identify those risk factors from a wide range of parameters. METHODS: Retrospective analysis of hospitalized RAAA patients treated at this center between May 2004 and January 2023. After comparing the preoperative data of patients who survived and those who died, high-risk characteristics influencing the perioperative care of RAAA patients were identified, and logistic regression analysis was carried out. The mean follow-up time was 45.34 months. RESULTS: During the study period, a total of 155 patients (average age 67.4 ± 71.93 years, 123 (78.85%) males, 32 (20.51%) females) were enrolled. The patients participating in the group were divided into survival group (n = 123) and death group (n = 27). The main differences included hemodynamic instability (51.9% vs 28.5%; P = 0.019), sudden cardiac arrest (14.8% vs 1.6%; P = 0.010), deterioration of consciousness (40.7% vs 17.1%; P = 0.007), renal impairment (22.2% vs 2.4%; P = 0.001), and chronic kidney disease (18.5% vs3.2%; P = 0.010). There is also a history of cancer (Ca) (18.5% vs 4.1%; P = 0.021). Risk factors for endovascular aneurysm repair (EVAR) include diastolic blood pressure ≤50 mm Hg (36.4% vs 8.0%; P = 0.025), renal function impairment (18.2% vs 0; P = 0.015), and chronic kidney disease (27.3% vs 4.0%; P = 0.028). Risk factors for open surgical repair (OSR) include diastolic blood pressure ≤50 mm Hg (40.0% vs 6.3%; P = 0.014). Finally, the previously mentioned statistically significant factors were analyzed by logistic regression analysis, and it was found that diastolic blood pressure ≤50 mm Hg, cardiac arrest, renal function damage, and Ca history were independent risk factors. We followed 123 individuals and 14 were lost to follow-up, with an overall survival rate of 43.8%. CONCLUSIONS: Hemodynamics, which includes shock, blood pressure, cardiac arrest, deterioration of consciousness, and other conditions, are the primary risk factors for the perioperative death of a ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm. Simultaneously, diastolic blood pressure ≤50 mm Hg was found to be associated with risk factors for OSR, whereas renal function impairment, chronic renal illness, and diastolic blood pressure ≤50 mm Hg were associated with the risk for EVAR.

Construction of a quality of life scale for older individuals with neuro-co-cardiological diseases.

PURPOSE: This study aimed to develop a Quality of Life (QOL) assessment scale for older patients with Neuro-co-Cardiological Diseases (NCCD) and to evaluate the reliability and validity of the scale. METHOD: The study participants were derived from the Elderly Individuals with NCCD Registered Cohort Study (EINCCDRCS), a multicenter registry of patients with NCCD. The preliminary testing of the questionnaire was conducted among 10 older individuals aged 65 years and older who had NCCD and were recruited from the registry. Other patients who met the inclusion criteria participated in the field testing. After verifying the unidimensionality, local independence, and monotonicity assumptions of the scale, we employed the Rasch model within Item Response Theory framework to assess the quality of the scale through methods including internal consistency, criterion validity, Wright map, and item functioning differential. Subsequently, we assessed the construct validity of the scale by combining exploratory factor analysis with confirmatory factor analysis. RESULTS: Based on well-validated scales such as the short-form WHOQOL-OLD, HeartQOL, IQCODE, and SF-36, an original Neuro-co-Cardiological Diseases Quality of Life scale (NCCDQOL) was developed. 196 individuals from the EINCCDRCS were included in the study, with 10 participating in the preliminary testing and 186 in the field testing. Based on the results of the preliminary testing, the original questionnaire was refined through item deletion and adjustment, resulting in an 11-item NCCDQOL questionnaire. The Rasch analysis of the field testing data led to the removal of 21 misfitting individuals. The NCCDQOL demonstrated a four-category structure, achieved by combining two response categories. This structure aligned with the assumptions of unidimensionality, local independence, and monotonicity. The NCCDQOL also exhibited good validity and reliability. CONCLUSION: The revised NCCDQOL questionnaire demonstrated good reliability and validity in the Rasch model, indicating promising potential for clinical application.

First Report of Sugarcane Mosaic Virus Infecting Goose Grass in Shandong Province, China.

Sugarcane mosaic virus (SCMV genus Potyvirus, family Potyviridae) can infect maize, sugarcane, sorghum, other graminaceous crops, and some weed species (Alegria et al., 2003; Achon et al., 2007). In August 2023, the leaves of goose grass (Eleusine indica) plants surrounding maize fields in a village of Liaocheng City, Shandong Province, China showed mosaic and chlorotic symptoms (26%, 11 of 43 grasses; Figure S1). Three symptomatic goose grass samples were selected and pooled for total RNA isolation using TRIzol reagent (Tiangen, Beijing, China). A small RNA library was created using 2.0 µg of total RNA and the mirVana miRNA Isolation Kit, followed by size selection (18-28 nt), adapter ligation, purification, reverse transcription (RT), and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) enrichment. High-throughput sequencing (HTS) was then performed on a HiSeq 2500 platform (Illumina, San Diego, CA, USA). The adapter sequences were removed and the reads were assembled de novo into larger contigs using ABySS software v. 1.9.0 with a k-mer of 32. Fifty-one contigs were obtained after the reads were spliced and screened (alignment length > 30 bp; e-value ≤ 0.05). The contigs were compared with viral sequences in GenBank using local BLASTn. Thirty-four contigs (34-64 nt) had the highest identities (97.18-100%) with the SCMV genome sequence, covering approximately 12.8% of the SCMV genome (Table S1). The low coverage of small contigs mapping to the SCMV genome in the HTS results may be attributed to variations in sequencing depth and sample preparation quality, biological aspects of the virus affecting siRNA production and detection, as well as the variability in viral genome and its size (Golyaev et al., 2019; Valenzuela et al., 2022). The other 17 contigs did not align to any plant virus sequences, but aligned to plant sequences, including Phragmites australis and Panicum virgatum. Potyvirus-degenerated primers PotyF (5'-ATGGTHTGGTGYATHGARAAYGG-3') and PotyR (5'-TGCTGCKGCYTTCATYTG-3') (Marie-Jeanne et al. 2000) were used in RT-PCR to detect SCMV in symptomatic leaves, yielding a ~300 bp amplicon. Sanger sequencing and BLASTn analysis confirmed the 97.98% nucleotide identity with SCMV isolate BJ (GenBank accession No. AY042184.1). The sequence was deposited in GenBank under accession number OR777055. In addition, specific SCMV primers SCMV-F (5'- TCCGGAACTGTGGATGCA-3') and SCMV-R (5'- GTGGTGCTGCTGCACTCCC-3') (coat protein region, 939 bp) detected the virus in all 11 symptomatic goose grass leaves, with no detection in asymptomatic leaves. Inoculation tests using extracts from symptomatic goose grass on maize plants resulted in mosaic symptoms (7 of 15 plants) at 4-6 days post-inoculation (Figure S2 and 3). However, no symptoms were observed in maize plants following inoculation with leaf extracts from healthy goose grass. RT-PCR confirmed the presence of SCMV in the diseased maize plants. Sequencing analysis revealed that all amplified fragments shared 100% identity with the partial CP-encoding sequence of SCMV. Taken together these results support the presence of SCMV in symptomatic goose grass. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of SCMV in E. indica in China. In general, potyviruses can be easily transmitted in multiple ways including aphid vectors, grafting, and wounding. Therefore, investigating SCMV in goose grass is crucial for developing integrated strategies to prevent its transmission to economically important plants such as maize.

Nonadjacent Wireless Electrotherapy for Tissue Repair by a 3D-Printed Bioresorbable Fully Soft Triboelectric Nanogenerator.

Electrotherapy is a promising tissue repair technique. However, electrotherapy devices are frequently complex and must be placed adjacent to injured tissue, thereby limiting their clinical application. Here, we propose a general strategy to facilitate tissue repair by modulating endogenous electric fields with nonadjacent (approximately 44 mm) wireless electrotherapy through a 3D-printed entirely soft and bioresorbable triboelectric nanogenerator based stimulator, without any electrical accessories, which has biomimetic mechanical properties similar to those of soft tissue. In addition, the feasibility of using the stimulator to construct an electrical double layer with tissue for nonadjacent wireless electrotherapy was demonstrated by skin and muscle injury models. The treated groups showed significantly improved tissue repair compared with the control group. In conclusion, we developed a promising electrotherapy strategy and may inspire next-generation electrotherapy for tissue repair.

The Impact of Higher BMI on Wound Complications Following Adolescent Breast Reduction: A Retrospective Study of 1215 Cases.

BACKGROUND: Macromastia is a physically and psychologically distressing condition for adolescents. While reduction mammaplasty is often the best treatment, risk factors for adolescent wound complications remain unclear. This study aims to investigate the impact of obesity and other predictors of postoperative wound complications following adolescent reduction mammaplasty using a national database. METHODS: The 2012-2019 National Surgical Quality Improvement Program Pediatric (NSQIP-P) databases were reviewed to identify primary reduction mammaplasty encounters. World Health Organization Body Mass Index (BMI), alongside patient and case characteristics, were assessed for association for 30-day wound disruption or surgical site complications. Statistical analyses were performed to identify independent predictors for complications and determine a potential BMI cutoff for risk stratification. RESULTS: There were 1215 patients with an average age of 16.6 years. The average BMI was 30.7 kg/m2, and 593 (48.8%) patients were nonobese while 622 (51.2%) were obese. The incidence of complications was 5.27%. Independent predictors of complications included a BMI 35-39.9, BMI > 40, and an American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) Classification > 3. A receiver operating characteristic curve determined that a BMI of 34.6 can be a potential cutoff for increased complication risk. CONCLUSIONS: Higher obesity increases risk of wound complications; however, complication rates remain low. A BMI of 34.6 is a potential screening metric for counseling and monitoring patients. Reduction mammaplasty should remain a viable option as it can significantly improve quality of life. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE III: This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266 .

Research Progress on Bioactive Factors against Skin Aging.

The relentless pursuit of effective strategies against skin aging has led to significant interest in the role of bioactive factors, particularly secondary metabolites from natural sources. The purpose of this study is to meticulously explore and summarize the recent advancements in understanding and utilization of bioactive factors against skin aging, with a focus on their sources, mechanisms of action, and therapeutic potential. Skin, the largest organ of the body, directly interacts with the external environment, making it susceptible to aging influenced by factors such as UV radiation, pollution, and oxidative stress. Among various interventions, bioactive factors, including peptides, amino acids, and secondary metabolites, have shown promising anti-aging effects by modulating the biological pathways associated with skin integrity and youthfulness. This article provides a comprehensive overview of these bioactive compounds, emphasizing collagen peptides, antioxidants, and herbal extracts, and discusses their effectiveness in promoting collagen synthesis, enhancing skin barrier function, and mitigating the visible signs of aging. By presenting a synthesis of the current research, this study aims to highlight the therapeutic potential of these bioactive factors in developing innovative anti-aging skin care solutions, thereby contributing to the broader field of dermatological research and offering new perspectives for future studies. Our findings underscore the importance of the continued exploration of bioactive compounds for their potential to revolutionize anti-aging skin care and improve skin health and aesthetics.

Toxicological and Pharmacological Activities, and Potential Medical Applications, of Marine Algal Toxins.

Marine algal toxins have garnered significant attention in the research community for their unique biochemical properties and potential medical applications. These bioactive compounds, produced by microalgae, pose significant risks due to their high toxicity, yet offer promising therapeutic benefits. Despite extensive research identifying over 300 marine algal toxins, including azaspiracids, brevetoxins, cyclic imines, and yessotoxins, gaps remain in the understanding of their pharmacological potential. In this paper, we critically review the classification, bioactive components, toxicology, pharmacological activities, and mechanisms of these toxins, with a particular focus on their clinical applications. Our motivation stems from the increasing interest in marine algal toxins as candidates for drug development, driven by their high specificity and affinity for various biological receptors. We aim to bridge the gap between toxicological research and therapeutic application, offering insights into the advantages and limitations of these compounds in comparison to other bioactive substances. This review not only enhances the understanding of marine algal toxins' complexity and diversity, but also highlights their extensive application potential in medicine and bioscience, providing a foundation for future research and development in this field.