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The Fourier single-pixel imaging technique exhibits great potential for compressive imaging. However, the utilization of low sampling ratio can introduce unwanted ringing artifacts, thereby compromising the fidelity of reconstructed image detail. To address this issue, Vector guided Fourier single-pixel imaging (V-FSI) has been proposed. We analyze the statistical properties in the edge vector field derived from images with low sampling ratio. Based on this information, a tailored sampling map is designed to acquire the significant high-frequency components for image reconstruction. Experimental results demonstrate the remarkable effectiveness of the proposed V-FSI method in enhancing image quality. Notably, V-FSI exhibits exceptional capabilities in perceiving and preserving the details of the objects, particularly for objects characterized by pronounced periodicity and directionality.
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Several studies have reported that baseline symptom severity in patients with schizophrenia (SCZ) is associated with the efficacy of antipsychotic medication. Overweight/obesity is common in SCZ and has also been reported to be correlated with therapeutic response to antipsychotics. This study aimed to evaluate whether baseline body mass index (BMI) and disease severity were associated with improvements in negative symptoms in patients with first-episode and medication-naïve (FEMN) SCZ. A total of 241 FEMN patients were recruited in this study and treated with oral risperidone over 3 months. Clinical symptoms were measured by the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) and BMI was assessed at baseline and 3-month follow-up. We found that baseline BMI was correlated with the baseline severity of symptoms. Baseline BMI or baseline disease severity was associated with improvement in negative symptoms after 3 months of treatment. Linear regression analysis indicated that the interaction of BMI and disease severity at baseline was associated with improvement in negative symptoms in the early stage of SCZ after controlling for sex, age, and dose of risperidone. Our study suggests that the interaction of baseline BMI and disease severity may play a role in predicting negative symptom improvement after 3 months of risperidone treatment.
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Intestinal epithelia impairment of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) leads to the leakage of bacteria and antigens and the consequent persistent immune imbalance. Restoring the epithelial barrier is a promising therapeutic target but lacks effective and safe clinical interventions. By identifying the catalase (CAT) presence in the IBD pathological environment, we herein develop a CAT-catalyzed pathologically coating on the damaged epithelial barrier to inhibit intestinal leakage for IBD therapy. With the codelivery of CaO2 (a CAT substrate) and dopamine, the nanosystem can enable CAT-catalyzed oxygen (O2) production and in-situ polymerization of dopamine and then yield a thin and integrative polydopamine (PDA) coating on the intestinal barrier due to the highly adhesive property of PDA. In vivo study demonstrates that PDA coating provides not only a protective barrier by restricting intestinal leakage but also a favorable anti-inflammation effect. Beyond drug management, this work provides a physical repair strategy via catalyzed coating for IBD therapy.
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Dopamina , Doenças Inflamatórias Intestinais , Humanos , Doenças Inflamatórias Intestinais/tratamento farmacológico , Mucosa Intestinal , CatáliseRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Renal denervation (RDN) can reduce ventricular arrhythmia after acute myocardial infarction (AMI), but the mechanism is not clear. The purpose of this study is to study its mechanism. METHODS: Thirty-two Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into four groups: control group, AMI group, RDN-1d + AMI group, RDN-2w + AMI group. The AMI model was established 1 day after RDN in the RDN-1d + AMI group and 2 weeks after RDN in the RDN-2w + AMI group. At the same time, 8 normal rats were subjected to AMI modelling (the AMI group). The control group consisted of 8 rats without RDN intervention or AMI modelling. RESULTS: The study confirmed that RDN can reduce the occurrence of ventricular tachycardia in AMI rats, reduce renal sympathetic nerve discharge, and inhibit the activity of local sympathetic nerves and cell growth factor (NGF) protein expression in the heart after AMI. In addition, RDN decreased the expression of norepinephrine (NE) and glutamate in the hypothalamus,and NE in cerebrospinal fluid, and increased the expression level of γ aminobutyric acid (GABA) in the hypothalamus after AMI. CONCLUSION: RDN can effectively reduce the occurrence of ventricular arrhythmia after AMI, and its main mechanism may be via the inhibition of central sympathetic nerve discharge.
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Infarto do Miocárdio , Ratos , Animais , Ratos Sprague-Dawley , Rim , Arritmias Cardíacas/etiologia , Arritmias Cardíacas/prevenção & controle , Arritmias Cardíacas/metabolismo , Sistema Nervoso Simpático/cirurgia , Sistema Nervoso Simpático/metabolismo , SimpatectomiaRESUMO
Fourier single-pixel imaging (FSI) can directly measure the Fourier coefficients of an object and reconstruct its image, and the technique has attracted attention recently. However, with the current spectrum sampling methods of FSI it is difficult to balance image details and noise suppression within a limited sampling number and a short reconstruction time. To address this problem, the method of adaptive Fourier single-pixel imaging (A-FSI) is proposed to measure the coefficients of the key spectra adaptively. First we examine radial correlation between low-frequency and high-frequency components in the Fourier domain. Based on this correlation, we estimate the positions of significant high-frequency components through the chosen low-frequency components, measure the corresponding Fourier coefficients and form the image. Importantly, the proposed A-FSI only uses the inverse Fourier transform for reconstruction, which is much faster than the algorithm of compressed sensing under the given conditions. Both the simulations and experiments show that the proposed method can keep details of the image and reduce the noise of reconstruction at same time with a limited sampling number and a short reconstruction time. This technology can promote the practical development of single-pixel imaging.
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Lactate plays a critical role in tumorigenesis, invasion and metastasis. Exhausting lactate in tumors holds great promise for the reversal of the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME). Herein, we report on a "lactate treatment plant" (i.e., nanofactory) that can dynamically trap pro-tumor lactate and in situ transformation into anti-tumor cytotoxic reactive oxygen species (ROS) for a synergistic chemodynamic and metabolic therapy. To this end, lactate oxidase (LOX) was nano-packaged by cationic polyethyleneimine (PEI), assisted by a necessary amount of copper ions (PLNPCu). As a reservoir of LOX, the tailored system can actively trap lactate through the cationic PEI component to promote lactate degradation by two-fold efficiency. More importantly, the byproducts of lactate degradation, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), can be transformed into anti-tumor ROS catalyzing by copper ions, mediating an immunogenic cell death (ICD). With the remission of immunosuppressive TME, ICD process effectively initiated the positive immune response in 4T1 tumor model (88% tumor inhibition). This work provides a novel strategy that rationally integrates metabolic therapy and chemodynamic therapy (CDT) for combating tumors.
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Radical Hidroxila/metabolismo , Ácido Láctico/metabolismo , Nanopartículas/química , Animais , Materiais Biocompatíveis/química , Materiais Biocompatíveis/farmacologia , Materiais Biocompatíveis/uso terapêutico , Catálise , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Sobrevivência Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Cobre/química , Glutationa/química , Humanos , Peróxido de Hidrogênio/química , Peróxido de Hidrogênio/metabolismo , Radical Hidroxila/química , Morte Celular Imunogênica/efeitos dos fármacos , Ácido Láctico/química , Camundongos , Oxigenases de Função Mista/química , Oxigenases de Função Mista/metabolismo , Nanopartículas/uso terapêutico , Nanopartículas/toxicidade , Neoplasias/tratamento farmacológico , Neoplasias/metabolismo , Polietilenoimina/química , Microambiente TumoralRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Lilac (Syringa oblata) is an important woody plant with high ornamental value. However, very limited genetic marker resources are currently available, and little is known about the genetic architecture of important ornamental traits for S. oblata, which is hindering its genetic studies. Therefore, it is of great significance to develop effective molecular markers and understand the genetic architecture of complex floral traits for the genetic research of S. oblata. RESULTS: In this study, a total of 10,988 SSRs were obtained from 9864 unigene sequences with an average of one SSR per 8.13 kb, of which di-nucleotide repeats were the dominant type (32.86%, 3611). A set of 2042 primer pairs were validated, out of which 932 (45.7%) exhibited successful amplifications, and 248 (12.1%) were polymorphic in eight S. oblata individuals. In addition, 30 polymorphic EST-SSR markers were further used to assess the genetic diversity and the population structure of 192 cultivated S. oblata individuals. Two hundred thirty-four alleles were detected, and the PIC values ranged from 0.23 to 0.88 with an average of 0.51, indicating a high level of genetic diversity within this cultivated population. The analysis of population structure showed two major subgroups in the association population. Finally, 20 significant associations were identified involving 17 markers with nine floral traits using the mixed linear model. Moreover, marker SO104, SO695 and SO790 had significant relationship with more than one trait. CONCLUSION: The results showed newly developed markers were valuable resource and provided powerful tools for genetic breeding of lilac. Beyond that, our study could serve an efficient foundation for further facilitate genetic improvement of floral traits for lilac.
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Etiquetas de Sequências Expressas , Flores/genética , Repetições de Microssatélites/genética , Característica Quantitativa Herdável , Syringa/genética , Mapeamento Cromossômico , Estudos de Associação Genética , Marcadores Genéticos/genética , Variação Genética/genética , Syringa/anatomia & histologiaRESUMO
Computational ghost imaging (CGI) can build a three-dimensional (3D) image using the reconstructed shading images. However, it could be easily affected by the noise accumulated in the 3D reconstruction. More importantly, the selection of initial growing position will also affect the quality of the formed 3D image significantly. In this paper, we apply the technique of sub-pixel displacement to achieve smooth shading images in noisy environments and propose a method for selecting the optimal initial growing position to preserve the stereo feature of the object. We demonstrate that the surfaces of the reconstructed 3D images are more accurate using our proposed method as compared to the ones achieved by previously used methods. Our research would promote the development of 3D imaging using CGI in noisy environments.
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Three-dimensional (3D) imaging can be reconstructed by a computational ghost imaging system with single pixel detectors based on a photometric stereo, but the requirement of large measurements and long imaging times are obstacles to its development. Also, the compressibility of the target's surface normals has not been fully studied, which causes the waste in sampling efficiency in single-pixel imaging. In this paper, we propose a method to adaptively measure the object's 3D information based on surface normals. In the proposed method, the regions of object's surface are illuminated by patterns of different spatial resolutions according to the variation of surface normals. The experimental results demonstrate that our proposed scheme can reduce measurements and preserve the quality of the formed 3D image.
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Adventitial fibroblasts (AFs) can be activated by angiotensin II (Ang II) and exert pro-fibrotic and pro-inflammatory effects in vascular remodeling. Protease-activated receptor (PAR) 1 and 2 play a significant role in fibrogenic and inflammatory diseases. The present study hypothesized that PAR1 and PAR2 are involved in Ang II-induced AF activation and contribute to adventitial remodeling. We found that direct activation of PAR1 and PAR2 with PAR1-AP and PAR2-AP led to AF activation, including proliferation and differentiation of AFs, extracellular matrix synthesis, as well as production of pro-fibrotic cytokine TGF-ß and pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-6 and MCP-1. Furthermore, PAR1 and PAR2 mediated Ang II-induced AF activation, since both PAR1 and PAR2 antagonists inhibited Ang II-induced proliferation, migration, differentiation, extracellular matrix synthesis and production of pro-fibrotic and pro-inflammatory cytokines in AFs. Finally, mechanistic study showed that Ang II, via Ang II type I receptor (AT1R), upregulated both PAR1 and PAR2 expression, and transactivated PAR1 and PAR2, as denoted by internalization of both proteins. In conclusion, our results suggest that PAR1 and PAR2 play a critical role in Ang II-induced AF activation, and this may contribute to adventitia-related pathological changes.
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Angiotensina II/metabolismo , Aorta/citologia , Aorta/metabolismo , Fibroblastos/metabolismo , Receptor PAR-1/metabolismo , Receptor PAR-2/metabolismo , Animais , Aorta/efeitos dos fármacos , Movimento Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Proliferação de Células/efeitos dos fármacos , Células Cultivadas , Fibroblastos/citologia , Fibroblastos/efeitos dos fármacos , Sistema de Sinalização das MAP Quinases/efeitos dos fármacos , Masculino , Ratos , Ratos Sprague-Dawley , Receptor PAR-1/agonistas , Receptor PAR-1/antagonistas & inibidores , Receptor PAR-2/agonistas , Receptor PAR-2/antagonistas & inibidoresRESUMO
Computational ghost imaging (CGI) enables an image to be recorded using a single-pixel detector. The image can be reconstructed from correlations between the scene and a series of known projected intensity patterns. In this work we investigate the performance of CGI using pseudo non-diffracting (ND) speckle patterns. We demonstrate an extended depth-of-field that is â¼ 2-3 times greater than that achievable with conventional speckle, when only computing each intensity pattern to a single depth. In addition, the average speckle grain size of ND speckle is reduced by a factor of â¼ 1.5 relative to conventional speckle, which enhances the lateral Rayleigh-limit resolving power of our reconstructed images. However, the point-spread function (PSF) of our imaging system takes the form of a Bessel beam, which manifests itself as long-range correlations between speckle grains in the projected patterns. We discuss the trade-off between enhancement of the depth-of-field and the lateral resolution when using ND speckle, at the expense of a reduction in image contrast. Our work demonstrates that the tailoring of lateral and axial correlations in projected intensity patterns permits PSF engineering in CGI.
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AIM: Available published work on the benefit of adjuvant antiviral therapy after curative treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) reports controversial results. The objective of this systematic review was to evaluate the effect of adjuvant antiviral therapy on recurrence and survival after curative treatment of HCC. METHODS: We conducted an extensive search strategy. All randomized controlled trials comparing adjuvant antiviral therapy versus placebo or no treatment were considered for this review. Results were expressed as hazard ratio for time-to-event outcomes with 95% confidence intervals using RevMan 5. RESULTS: We included nine trials (three of low risk of bias and six of unclear risk of bias) with 954 patients. All the included studies used conventional interferon (IFN) as adjuvant antiviral therapy; none of them used pegylated IFN or nucleoside analogs. There were significant improvements for recurrence-free survival and overall survival in the adjuvant IFN group compared with the control group. Subgroup analysis also showed a significant difference favoring IFN therapy in hepatitis C virus (HCV)-related HCC patients, but for hepatitis B virus (HBV)-related patients, the difference failed to reach statistical significance. A dose reduction was needed in 28.3% of patients and discontinuation of IFN therapy happened in 8.2% of patients due to moderate to severe side-effects. CONCLUSION: Our study suggested potential benefits of adjuvant IFN therapy following curative treatment of HCC, especially for HCV-related HCC. Further high-quality randomized controlled trials of more effective adjuvant antiviral regimens, either used alone or in combination, for virus-related HCC, especially HBV-related HCC, are needed.
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Objective: To investigate the effect and safety of the combined use of ivabradine and metoprolol in patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Methods: Eighty patients with AMI were randomly divided into the ivabradine group and the control group. The ivabradine group was treated with ivabradine combined with metoprolol after PCI, while the control group was treated with metoprolol only. Both groups were treated continuously for 1 year. Echocardiography-derived parameters, heart rate, cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) data, major adverse cardiac events (MACE) and myocardial markers were analyzed. The primary endpoint was the left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF). The safety outcomes were blood pressure, liver and kidney function. Results: The LVEF was significantly higher in the ivabradine group than in the control group at 1 week, 3 months and 1 year after PCI. The heart rate of the ivabradine group was significantly lower than that of the control group at 1 week and 1month after PCI. The VO2max, metabolic equivalents, anaerobic threshold heart rate, peak heart rate, and heart rate recovery at 8 min of the ivabradine group were significantly higher than those of the control group at 1 year after PCI. Kaplan-Meier analysis demonstrated the one-year total incidence of MACE in the ivabradine group was significantly lower than that in the control group. The B-type natriuretic peptide of the ivabradine group was significantly lower than that of the control group on Day 2 and Day 3 after PCI. The high-sensitivity cardiac troponin I level of the ivabradine group was significantly lower than that of the control group on Day 5 after PCI. Conclusion: Early use of ivabradine in patients with AMI after PCI can achieve effective heart rate control, reduce myocardial injury, improve cardiac function and exercise tolerance, and may reduce the incidence of major adverse cardiac events. (Clinical research registration number: ChiCTR2000032731).
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Purpose: To analyze and summarize the etiological and epidemiological characteristics of acute respiratory tract infections (ARIs) in northwest China to improve the clinical management and prevention of local ARIs. Methods: Patients with ARIs in Shaanxi Province, from January 2014 to December 2018, were retrospectively analyzed. Indirect immunofluorescence assay (IFA) was used to detect the IgM antibody of eight respiratory pathogens. Results: A total of 15,543 eligible patients were included in this study. Overall, 36.01% of the patients (5597/15543) were positive for at least one of eight pathogens, among which single and mixed infections accounted for 74.65% (4178/5597) and 25.35% (1419/5597), respectively. Mycoplasma (MP) showed the highest detection rate (18.12%), followed by influenza virus B (Flu B, 11.65%), chlamydia (CP, 7.00%), respiratory syncytial virus (RSV, 4.18%), parainfluenza virus (PIV, 2.83%), influenza virus A (Flu A, 1.69%), legionella (LP, 1.00%) and adenovirus (ADV, 0.70%). Flu B (17.54%, 759/4327) was the most prevalent virus in patients aged less than 18 years. In addition, common respiratory infections with higher detection rates were found in autumn (39.65%), followed by winter (37.37%), summer (36.21%) and spring (30.91%). There were significant differences in the detection rates of pathogens in different seasons (P < 0.001). Conclusion: These findings serve as a reference for local health authorities to develop further plans for the prevention and control of ARIs.
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Methionine metabolism has a significant impact on T cells' survival and activation even in comparison to arginine, a well-documented amino acid in metabolic therapy. However, hydrophilic methionine is hardly delivered into TME due to difficult loading and rapid diffusion. Herein, the labeling assembly of methionine into nanoparticle is developed to overcome high hydrophilicity for mild-heat mediated immunometabolic therapy. The strategy is to first label methionine with protocatechualdehyde (as the tag) via reversible Schiff-base bond, and then drive nanoassembly of methionine (MPC@Fe) mediated by iron ions. In this fashion, a loading efficiency of 40% and assembly induced photothermal characteristics can be achieved. MPC@Fe can accumulate persistently in tumor up to 36 h due to tumor-selective aggregation in acidic TME. A mild heat of 43 °C on tumor by light irradiation stimulated the immunogenic cell death and effectively generated CD8+ T cells. Notably, MPC@Fe assisted by mild heat promoted 4.2-fold of tumor-infiltrating INF-γ+ CD8+ T cells, leading to an inhibition ratio of 27.3-fold versus the free methionine. Such labeling assembly provides a promising methionine delivery platform to realize mild heat mediated immunometabolic therapy, and is potentially extensible to other amino acids.
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Nanopartículas , Neoplasias , Humanos , Metionina , Temperatura Alta , Linfócitos T CD8-Positivos , Nanopartículas/química , Racemetionina , Aminoácidos , Linhagem Celular TumoralRESUMO
Objective: To observe the effect of renal artery denervation (RDN) on cardiac function in patients with acute myocardial infarction after percutaneous coronary intervention (AMI-PCI). Methods: This is a single-centre, prospective randomized controlled study. A total of 108 AMI-PCI patients were randomly assigned to the RDN group or the control group at 1:1 ratio. All patients received standardized drug therapy after PCI, and patients in the RDN group underwent additional RDN at 4 weeks after the PCI. The follow-up period was 6 months after RDN. Echocardiography-derived parameters, cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) data, Holter electrocardiogram, heart rate variability (HRV) at baseline and at the 6 months-follow up were analyzed. Results: Baseline indexes were similar between the two groups (all P > 0.05). After 6 months of follow-up, the echocardiography-derived left ventricular ejection fraction was significantly higher in the RDN group than those in the control group. Cardiopulmonary exercise test indicators VO2Max, metabolic equivalents were significantly higher in the RDN group than in the control group. HRV analysis showed that standard deviation of the normal-to-normal R-R intervals, levels of square root of the mean squared difference of successive RR intervals were significantly higher in the RDN group than those in the control group. Conclusions: RDN intervention after PCI in AMI patients is associated with improved cardiac function, improved exercise tolerance in AMI patients post PCI. The underlying mechanism of RDN induced beneficial effects may be related to the inhibition of sympathetic nerve activity and restoration of the sympathetic-vagal balance in these patients.
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Vaccines are a promising immunotherapy that awakens the human immune system to inhibit and eliminate cancer with fewer side effects compared with traditional radiotherapy and chemotherapy. Although cancer vaccines have shown some efficacy, there are still troublesome bottlenecks to expand their benefits in the clinic, including weak immune effects and limited therapeutic outcomes. In the past few years, in addition to neoantigen screening, a main branch of the efforts has been devoted to promoting the lymph nodes (LNs) targeting of cancer vaccines and the cross-presentation of antigens by dendritic cells (DCs), two cardinal stages in effective initiation of the immune response. Especially, nanomaterials have shown hopeful biomedical applications in the improvement of vaccine effectiveness. This Review briefly outlines the possible mechanisms by which nanoparticle properties affect LN targeting and antigen cross-presentation and then gives an overview of state-of-the-art advances in improving these biological outcomes with nanotechnology.
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Vacinas Anticâncer , Nanopartículas , Neoplasias , Vacinas Anticâncer/uso terapêutico , Células Dendríticas , Humanos , Linfonodos , Nanopartículas/uso terapêutico , Nanotecnologia , Neoplasias/terapiaRESUMO
Objective: To investigate the effectiveness and safety of sacubitril valsartan sodium in the treatment of resistant hypertension (RH). Methods: This study is a single-center, prospective, randomized controlled study. According to the inclusion and exclusion criteria, patients with RH who met the criteria were screened, and all patients adjusted their drug treatment (valsartan 80 mg, amlodipine 5 mg, and hydrochlorothiazide 12.5 mg). After 4 weeks of drug elution, the random envelope method was used for random grouping. The treatment group took sacubitril valsartan sodium 200 mg, amlodipine 5 mg, hydrochlorothiazide 12.5 mg, and the control group took valsartan 80 mg, amlodipine 5 mg, and hydrochlorothiazide 12.5 mg for 8 weeks. The 24 h ambulatory blood pressure (BP) and the echocardiography index using the office sphygmomanometer were observed in the patients. Results: A total of 100 patients with RH were included in the two groups, with 50 cases in each group. There were no significant differences in sex, age, or comorbid diseases between the two groups. During the 8-week follow-up, the office BP of the research group were significantly decreased (24.78/17.86 mmHg) compared with those of the control group. In the research group the 24 h average BP, daytime average BP, and nighttime average BP were 144.84/79.82, 147.10/82.06, and 138.67/76.31 mmHg at baseline, and reduced to 128.96/73.32, 131.50/74.94, and 122.11/69.27 mmHg at week 8, which were significantly decreased (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01), and the left ventricular ejection fraction was significantly increased (P < 0.05), compared with the control group. Conclusion: Sacubitril valsartan sodium can effectively reduce BP and improve cardiac function in RH.
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The axially chiral indole-aryl motifs are present in natural products and biologically active compounds as well as in chiral ligands. Atroposelective indole formation is an efficient method to construct indole-based biaryls. We report herein the result of a chiral phosphoric acid catalyzed asymmetric cycloaddition of 3-alkynylindoles with azonaphthalenes. A class of indole-based biaryls were prepared efficiently with excellent yields and enantioselectivities (up to 98% yield, 99% ee). Control experiment and DFT calculations illustrate a possible mechanism in which the reaction proceeds via a dearomatization of indole to generate an allene-iminium intermediate, followed by an intramolecular aza-Michael addition. This approach provides a convergent synthetic strategy for enantioselective construction of axially chiral heterobiaryl backbones.
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Tumor hyaluronan (HA) accumulation is closely associated with the formation of a hypoxic microenvironment that is highly immunosuppressive and severely hinders the efficacy of antitumor therapeutics. To address this problem, we develop an effective HA attenuation strategy that uses an integrated nanosystem based on mesoporous polydopamine (mPDA) with excellent photothermal conversion efficiency to boost hyaluronidase (HAase) activity remotely. Upon light irradiation, the thermal effect generated by mPDA not only directly kills tumor cells that produces an in situ vaccine effect, but also significantly boosts HAase activity (â¼5 folds), leading to marked HA break down. Photoheat and HA degradation synergistically reduce tumor HIF-1α expression and reverse immunosuppressive responses. Using the synergistic treatment in a breast cancer model, we find decreased infiltration of immunosuppressive cells, including myeloid-derived suppressor cells, M2 macrophages, and regulatory T cells, increased immune-activated cells, such as mature dendritic cells and CD8+ T cells, and reduced immune checkpoint PD-L1 expression. The resulting relief from tumor microenvironment immunosuppression significantly contributes to an enhanced antitumor effect. This study provides an effective strategy to improve the hypoxic tumor microenvironment and simultaneously promote immune-mediated tumor regression.