Assuntos
Betacoronavirus , Infecções por Coronavirus/sangue , Infecções por Coronavirus/mortalidade , Hospitalização/tendências , Pneumonia Viral/sangue , Pneumonia Viral/mortalidade , Troponina I/sangue , Idoso , Biomarcadores/sangue , COVID-19 , Infecções por Coronavirus/diagnóstico , Feminino , Seguimentos , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Mortalidade/tendências , Pandemias , Pneumonia Viral/diagnóstico , Valor Preditivo dos Testes , SARS-CoV-2RESUMO
The effect of thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) on macrophage-derived foam cell formation and the underlying mechanism were studied. Macrophages isolated from C57BL/6 mice were co-cultured in vitro with different concentrations of TSLP or TSLPR-antibody in the presence of oxidized low density lipoprotein (ox-LDL). The effects of TSLP on macrophage-derived foam cell formation were observed by using oil red O staining and intracellular lipid determination. The expression levels of foam cell scavenger receptors (CD36 and SRA) as well as ABCA1 and TSLPR were detected by using RT-PCR and Western blotting. As compared with the control group, TSLP treatment significantly promoted lipid accumulation in macrophages, significantly increased protein expression of CD36 and TSLPR in a dose-dependent manner, and significantly reduced the expression of ABCA1 protein in a dose-dependent manner. No significant differences were noted between the TSLPR-antibody group and the control group. TSLP may down-regulate the expression of cholesterol efflux receptor ABCA1 and up-regulate scavenger receptor expression via the TSLPR signaling pathway, thereby promoting macrophage-derived foam cell formation.
Assuntos
Citocinas/farmacologia , Células Espumosas/efeitos dos fármacos , Lipoproteínas LDL/farmacologia , Macrófagos/efeitos dos fármacos , Transportador 1 de Cassete de Ligação de ATP/genética , Transportador 1 de Cassete de Ligação de ATP/metabolismo , Animais , Anticorpos/imunologia , Anticorpos/farmacologia , Western Blotting , Antígenos CD36/genética , Antígenos CD36/metabolismo , Células Cultivadas , Colesterol/metabolismo , Ésteres do Colesterol/metabolismo , Relação Dose-Resposta a Droga , Células Espumosas/citologia , Células Espumosas/metabolismo , Expressão Gênica/efeitos dos fármacos , Imunoglobulinas/imunologia , Imunoglobulinas/metabolismo , Macrófagos/citologia , Macrófagos/metabolismo , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos C57BL , Receptores de Citocinas/imunologia , Receptores de Citocinas/metabolismo , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase Via Transcriptase Reversa , Receptores Depuradores Classe A/genética , Receptores Depuradores Classe A/metabolismo , Linfopoietina do Estroma do TimoRESUMO
AIM: To explore effects of FOXP3 on the progression of atherosclerosis plaque in hypercholesterolemic apoliprotein(apo)E-/- mice. METHODS: At 8 weeks of age, 32 male ApoE-/- mice were randomly divided into four groups of eight. Labeled: negative control group, positive control group, small interfering RNA (siRNA) group, and regulatory T cells transfer (Tregs) group. Lentivirus-mediated (siRNA) identified its function by Western blot was used to knock down FOXP3 and Foxp3(high+);CD4(+); CD25(+); Tregs acquired through magnetic activated cell sorting adoptive transfer assays in high fat diet ApoE-/- mice were done. The resulting atherosclerotic lesions were assessed by determining the number and function of CD4(+);CD25(+); Tregs, FOXP3 transcript levels and investigating the expression of Foxp3 protein in different tissues. Inflammatory cytokines were determined by ELISA. RESULTS: Animals treated with siRNA of FOXP3 showed a significant increase in atherosclerotic lesion formation and a reduction in the number and function of Foxp3(+);CD4(+);CD25(+); Tregs compared with other groups. Transfer of Foxp3(high+);CD4(+);CD25(+); Tregs significantly decreased atherosclerotic plaque formation and increased the number and function of Foxp3(+); CD4(+); CD25(+); Tregs. Foxp3 protein levels and FOXP3 transcript levels were lowest in the siRNA group, and were highest in tissues from the Tregs transfer group. CONCLUSION: FOXP3 plays an important role in regulating the inflammatory response within the atherosclerotic lesion. It can inhibit significant the progression of the atherosclerosis plaque in ApoE-/- mice.
Assuntos
Apolipoproteínas E/genética , Aterosclerose , Progressão da Doença , Fatores de Transcrição Forkhead/imunologia , Fatores de Transcrição Forkhead/metabolismo , Placa Aterosclerótica , Animais , Aterosclerose/genética , Aterosclerose/metabolismo , Aterosclerose/patologia , Proliferação de Células/efeitos dos fármacos , Citocinas/biossíntese , Fatores de Transcrição Forkhead/genética , Inativação Gênica , Vetores Genéticos/genética , Vetores Genéticos/metabolismo , Células HEK293 , Humanos , Lentivirus/genética , Lentivirus/metabolismo , Masculino , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos C57BL , Camundongos Knockout , Placa Aterosclerótica/patologia , RNA Interferente Pequeno/genética , RNA Interferente Pequeno/metabolismo , RNA Interferente Pequeno/farmacologia , Linfócitos T Reguladores/imunologia , Linfócitos T Reguladores/metabolismoRESUMO
The migration and transformation of nitrogen were studied in a high-rate algal pond (HRAP) treating domestic wastewater. Total nitrogen varied from 17.13 mg/L to 133.2 mg/L while ammonia ranged from 1.85 mg/L to 108.3 mg/L in domestic wastewater. At HRT of 8 d, the annual average removal efficiency for TN and ammonia were 29.4% and 91.6%, respectively in the two-stage HRAP. The treatment performance ranked in a descending order as follows: summer, autumn, spring, winter. The major mechanism for the migration and transformation of nitrogen in HRAP were nitrification, assimilation by algae and others such as ammonia evaporation. Nitrification contributed to more than 50% of ammonia removal. Despite the possibility, the contribution of ammonia precipitation was negligible in HRAP. The total nitrogen was mainly removed through assimilation into particular organics and subsequent separation. The contribution of ammonia evaporation to total nitrogen removal was marginal. The overall removal of TN can be improved by recycling some treated effluent to the upstream septic tank or by upgrading a polishing hydrophyte pond.