RESUMO
OBJECTIVE: We evaluated the changes and molecular epidemiology of meningococcal carriage in military recruits after quadrivalent meningococcal conjugate vaccines (MenACWY) vaccination. METHODS: Oropharyngeal swabs were obtained at the beginning and end of the 5-week training. Carriage rates before and after vaccination were compared to estimate vaccine effectiveness (VE). Cultured isolates were characterized by multi-locus sequence typing (MLST). RESULTS: Of 866 vaccinated participants, the overall carriage rate was 10.6% prior to MenACWY vaccination and it tended to decrease to 9.5% after 5 weeks of vaccination (P = 0.424). Carriage rate of serogroup ACWY decreased significantly after vaccination (VEACWY = 72.6%, 95% CI: 36.3-88.2), and serogroup C was particularly reduced (VEC = 83.0%, 95% CI: 50.6-94.1), whereas non-groupable isolates increased significantly after vaccination (VENG = -76.1%, 95% CI: -176.2 to -13.1). Among 99 carriage isolates with complete MLST profiles, 45 different sequence types with nine clonal complexes (CCs) were identified, and 35.3% of the carriage isolates belonged to hypervirulent strains such as CC-32, CC-41/44, and CC-269. CONCLUSIONS: MenACWY vaccination in military recruits led to reduced carriage rates of serogroups C, W, and Y within a short 5-week period. However, serogroup B isolates belonging to the hypervirulent lineage remained after the implementation of MenACWY vaccination.
Assuntos
Portador Sadio , Genótipo , Infecções Meningocócicas , Vacinas Meningocócicas , Militares , Tipagem de Sequências Multilocus , Neisseria meningitidis , Vacinas Conjugadas , Humanos , Vacinas Meningocócicas/administração & dosagem , Vacinas Meningocócicas/imunologia , Neisseria meningitidis/genética , Neisseria meningitidis/imunologia , Neisseria meningitidis/classificação , Infecções Meningocócicas/prevenção & controle , Infecções Meningocócicas/epidemiologia , Infecções Meningocócicas/microbiologia , Portador Sadio/microbiologia , Portador Sadio/epidemiologia , Estudos Prospectivos , Masculino , Adulto Jovem , República da Coreia/epidemiologia , Vacinas Conjugadas/administração & dosagem , Vacinas Conjugadas/imunologia , Feminino , Sorogrupo , Adulto , VacinaçãoRESUMO
Background: Data on the durability of booster dose immunity of COVID-19 vaccines are relatively limited. Methods: Immunogenicity was evaluated for up to 9-12 months after the third dose of vaccination in 94 healthy adults. Results: Following the third dose, the anti-spike immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibody response against the wild-type was boosted markedly, which decreased gradually over time. However, even 9-12 months after the booster dose, both the median and geometric mean of anti-spike IgG antibody levels were higher than those measured 4 weeks after the second dose. Breakthrough infection during the Omicron-dominant period boosted neutralizing antibody titers against Omicron sublineages (BA.1 and BA.5) and the ancestral strain. T-cell immune response was efficiently induced and maintained during the study period. Conclusions: mRNA vaccine booster dose elicited durable humoral immunity for up to 1 year after the third dose and T-cell immunity was sustained during the study period, supporting an annual COVID-19 vaccination strategy.
RESUMO
[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0272826.].