[Nutritional evaluation of fatty acid compositions and the fat of Fujian characteristic snacks].

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the fat and fatty acid composition of Fujian characteristic snacks, and to evaluate their nutritional value. METHODS: The fat and fatty acid composition of Fujian characteristic snacks were analyzed by the national standards, and analyzed by statistics such as correlation analysis, nonparametric test and cluster analysis. The nutritional value of fatty acid was evaluated by unsaturated index(UI), atherogenic index(AI), thrombosis index(TI). RESULTS: The contents of crude fat and total fatty acid were 0.11-26.35 g/100 g and 0.08-17.85 g/100 g. The correlation coefficient r=0.915(P<0.01), crude fat and total fatty acid in poultry and livestock meats were higher than those in seafood(P<0.05). The main saturated fatty acids(SFA) were palmitic acid(21.80%-34.00%)and stearic acid(7.72%-21.45%), and the main unsaturated fatty acids(UFA)were oleic acid(5.38%-41.17%) and linoleic acid(2.99%-23.54%). The content of eicosapentaenoic acid(EPA) in fish noodle(0.71%) and docosahexaenoic acid(DHA) in fried fish roll, fish slide, fish noodles(0.41%, 2.12%, 1.59%)were far higher than other snacks. Polyunsaturated fatty acids/saturated fatty acids(PUFA/SFA)ratios were 0.10-0.69, there were 8 kinds of snacks with PUFA/SFA ratio value>0.4. The n-3 PUFA/n-6 PUFA ratios were 0.01-0.75, n-6 PUFA/n-3 PUFA ratios were 1.33-74.31. The n-6 PUFA/n-3 PUFA ratios of fish slide(1.33) and fish noodle(2.13) conform to the ideal ratio stipulated by the British Health Organization, and the ratio of flat food(6.36) conform to the recommended ratio of Food and Agriculture Organization. The SFA∶monounsaturated fatty acids(MUFA)∶PUFA ratios were 0.8∶1.0∶0.5-2.4∶1.0∶0.2, the ratios of pork zongzi, meat yan silk, spicy meat, pressed salted duck and fried oyster(1.2∶1.1∶0.5, 0.8∶1.0∶0.6, 1.0∶1.0∶0.7, 0.8∶1.0∶0.5 and 1.1∶1.1∶0.5) were close to 1∶1∶1. The UI of 15 snacks was 48.37-90.67. The AI was 0.40-1.44, and the TI was 0.97-2.32. When the distance scale was 9, snacks were divided into three categories, namely fish noodle, fish slide and others. Fish noodle was high EPA and DHA type, and fish slide was high DHA type. CONCLUSION: The fat and total fatty acid contents of the 15 snacks were wide, which were closely related to the raw materials and cooking style. Nutrition and health value of fish slide, fish noodles food, meat yan silk and spicy meat were high.

[Determination of chlorate and perchlorate in infant formula by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry].

OBJECTIVE: To establish a method for determination of perchlorate and chlorate in infant formula by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry(UPLC-MS/MS). METHODS: Chlorate-~(18)O_3 and perchlorate-~(18)O_4 were added to the samples, and the filtrate was collected and analyzed by UPLC-MS/MS by vortex mixing, extraction, centrifugation and filtration. The mobile phase was 20 mmol/L ammonium formate and acetonitrile. The Waters Torus~(TM) DEA(2.1 mm×100 mm, 1.7 µm)column was used to separate chlorate and perchlorate. The negative spray ionization(ESI-) was used. The multi-response monitoring(MRM) mode was used for monitoring. The internal standard method was used for quantification. RESULTS: The linear relationships of chlorate and perchlorate were good in the range of 0.2-200 µg/L and 0.1-100 µg/L(R~2& gt; 0.999), respectively. The detection limits(LOD, S/N=3) of chlorate and perchlorate were 0.35 µg/kg and 0.12 µg/kg, respectively, and the quantitative limits(LOQ, S/N=10) of chlorate and perchlorate were 1.16 µg/kg and 0.40 µg/kg, respectively. At the addition levels of 15.0, 75.0 and 150 µg/kg, the chlorate recovery was 91.9%-102.8% and the relative standard deviation(RSD, n=6) was 2.5%-4.4%. At the addition levels of 7.5, 37.5 and 75.0 µg/kg, the recovery rate of perchlorate was 91.3%-106.3% and the RSD(n=6) was 2.6%-3.9%. CONCLUSTION The method is simple, rapid, sensitive and accurate, and is suitable for simultaneous analysis of perchlorate and chlorate in various complex substrates.

[Determination of polychlorinated biphenyls in water by stable isotope dilution through automatic solid-phase extraction membrane coupled to gas chromatography-mass spectrometry].

OBJECTIVE: The method for analyzing of 20 polychlorinated biphenyls(PCBs) in water by stable isotope internal standard-automatic solid-phase extraction membrane(auto SPEM) coupled to gas chromatography-mass spectrometer(GC-MS) was established, and applied to the analysis of trace PCBs in water samples. METHODS: The sample backgrounds of bottled mineral water production in Fuzhou(groundwater), inland water in Fuzhou university city(surface water), tap water(pipe tip water) and stream water in Xiyuan Gong(water source of life) were analyzed by GC-MS. Surrogate solution(SS)internal standards including ~(13)C_(12 )PCBs stable isotope was used for quantification. The method was confirmed by calculating recovery rate(RR) and relative standard deviation(RSD) of spiked water samples(20, 40 and 80 ng/L, n=7). And recovery rates of SS were used to evaluate the effect of the pretreatment. And the method was used to determine PCBs of a total of 17 cross-sectiona river water in minjiang river tributaries upstream to the downstream estuary. RESULTS: The method detection limits(MDL) were 1. 9-6. 6 ng/L, and RRs were 70. 9%-127%, and RSDs were 0. 5%-13%. The RRs of SS were 40%-90%. Positive sample was not detected. CONCLUSION: The method of auto SPEM is less solvent, more automatic than traditional manual SPE. And the method is more accurate and reliable by stable isotope internal standard coupled to GC-MS. Therefore, it is useful for the trace PCBs determination of waters.

Contamination status of paralytic shellfish toxins in shellfish from Southeastern China in 2017-2021.

Harmful algal blooms is a widespread problem in aquatic ecosystems, in particular dinoflagellates that produce PSTs which are harmful to animal and human health. To explore the contamination status of PSTs in shellfish in the Southeastern China, a total of 2355 shellfish samples were analyzed by ultra high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) to study the toxin profiles of the 10 PSTs collected from the southeast coast of China from 2017 to 2021. From 2355 shellfish samples, 257 were detected (10.91%), with the highest value in samples of Perna viridis. Among the six source areas in China, the samples from Fujian recorded the highest detected rate (15.28%). PSTs were found in Fuzhou, Ningde, Quanzhou, Putian, Zhangzhou, and Xiamen, with Quanzhou and Fuzhou having the highest and lowest detection rates of 15.28% and 4.23%, respectively. Saxitoxin (STX), neosaxitoxin (neoSTX), gonyautoxin (GTX1, GTX2, GTX3, GTX4), N-sulfocarbamoyl toxin (GTX5), and decarbamoyl toxin (dcSTX, dcGTX2, dcGTX3) were detected, and GTX5 and dcGTX2 were dominant. In addition, the samples containing PSTs were mostly concentrated in May to August. The study confirms the risks of PSTs to shellfish consumers in the region. It will offer a great foundation for future monitoring of marine toxins and protecting the health of seafood consumers in China. This is the first detailed evaluation of PSTs occurrences and their profiles in shellfish from the Southeastern China over a period of multiple years. HIGHLIGHTS: 2355 mussels from China were analyzed by UPLC-MS/MS for PSTs in 2017-2021. The predominant PSTs were GTX5, neoSTX and dcGTX2. Arca granosa and Crassostyea gigas exhibited higher levels than other shellfish. Shellfish containing PSTs were mostly concentrated in May to August. Maximum detected level in shellfish was 2137.10 ug STXeq/kg.

The quantification of monacolin K in some red yeast rice from Fujian province and the comparison of the other product.

When used as a dietary supplement to achieve and maintain healthy cholesterol levels,Chinese red yeast rice has significant potential to reduce health care costs and contribute to public health by reducing heart disease risk in individuals with moderate elevations of circulating cholesterol levels. Red yeast rice is typical product in Mingbei area of Fujian province. Nine products from different area were measured, using high-performance chromatography (HPLC) with photodiode array detector (PDA) and tandem mass spectrometry (MS) and the results show that the contents of monacolin K in these products were considerably different, and more than the other product.