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1.
J Med Virol ; 96(3): e29556, 2024 Mar.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38511554

RESUMO

Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) play a role in innate pathogen defense and also trigger B-cell response by providing antigens. NETs have been linked to vaccine-induced thrombotic thrombocytopenia. We postulated a potential link between NET biomarkers, NET-promoting autoantibodies, and adverse events (AEs) after COVID-19 vaccine boosters. Healthy donors (HDs) who received ChAdOx1-S (A), mRNA-1273 (M), or recombinant protein (MVC-COV1901) vaccines at the National Taiwan University Hospital between 2021 and 2022 were recruited. We measured serial NET-associated biomarkers, citrullinated-histone3 (citH3), and myeloperoxidase (MPO)-DNA. Serum citH3 and MPO-DNA were significantly or numerically higher in HDs who reported AEs (n = 100, booster Day 0/Day 30, p = 0.01/p = 0.03 and p = 0.30/p = 0.35, respectively). We also observed a positive correlation between rash occurrence in online diaries and elevated citH3. A linear mixed model also revealed significantly higher citH3 levels in mRNA-1273/ChAdOx1-S recipients than MVC-COV1901 recipients. Significant positive correlations were observed between the ratios of anti-heparin platelet factor 4 and citH3 levels on Booster Day 0 and naïve and between the ratios of anti-NET IgM and citH3 on Booster Day 30/Day 0 in the AA-M and MM-M group, respectively. The increased levels of citH3/MPO-DNA accompanied by NET-promoting autoantibodies suggest a potential connection between mRNA-1273/ChAdOx1-S vaccines and cardiovascular complications. These findings provide insights for risk assessments of future vaccines.


Assuntos
COVID-19 , Armadilhas Extracelulares , Humanos , Armadilhas Extracelulares/metabolismo , Vacinas contra COVID-19/efeitos adversos , Autoanticorpos , Vacina de mRNA-1273 contra 2019-nCoV , RNA Mensageiro/genética , RNA Mensageiro/metabolismo , COVID-19/prevenção & controle , COVID-19/metabolismo , Biomarcadores , ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 , Vacinação , DNA/metabolismo , Adenoviridae
2.
Org Biomol Chem ; 22(8): 1639-1645, 2024 02 21.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38180439

RESUMO

Sialic acid (SA) is a naturally occurring monosaccharide found in glycoproteins and glycolipids. Changes in the expression of SA are associated with several diseases; thus, the detection of SA is of great significance for biological research, cancer diagnosis, and treatment. Boronic acid analogs have emerged as a promising tool for detecting sugars such as SA due to its reversible covalent bonding ability. In this study, 11 bis-boronic acid compounds and 2 mono-boronic acid compounds were synthesized via a highly efficient Ugi-4CR strategy. The synthesized compounds were subjected to affinity fluorescence binding experiments to evaluate their binding capability to SA. Compound A1 was shown to have a promising binding constant of 2602 ± 100 M-1 at pH = 6.0. Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations examining the binding modes between A1 and SA indicated that the position of the boronic acid functional group was strongly correlated with its interaction with SA's α-hydroxy acid unit. The DFT calculations were consistent with the observations from the fluorescence experiments, demonstrating that the number and relative positions of the boronic acid functional groups are critical factors in enhancing the binding affinity to SA. DFT calculations of both S and R configuration of A1 indicated that the effect of the S/R configuration of A1 on its binding with ß-sialic acid was insignificant as the Ugi-4CR generated racemic products. A fluorine atom was incorporated into the R2 substituent of A1 as an electron-withdrawing group to produce A5, which possessed a significantly higher capability to bind to SA (Keq = 7015 ± 5 M-1 at pH = 6.0). Finally, A1 and A5 were shown to possess exceptional binding selectivity toward ß-sialic acid under pH of 6.0 and 6.5 while preferring to bind with glucose, fructose, and galactose under pH of 7.0 and 7.5.


Assuntos
Ácidos Borônicos , Ácido N-Acetilneuramínico , Ácido N-Acetilneuramínico/química , Ácido N-Acetilneuramínico/metabolismo , Ácidos Borônicos/química , Monossacarídeos , Glucose , Galactose
3.
Ecotoxicol Environ Saf ; 281: 116612, 2024 Aug.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38896898

RESUMO

T-2 toxin is one of trichothecene mycotoxins, which can impair appetite and decrease food intake. However, the specific mechanisms for T-2 toxin-induced anorexia are not fully clarified. Multiple research results had shown that gut microbiota have a significant effect on appetite regulation. Hence, this study purposed to explore the potential interactions of the gut microbiota and appetite regulate factors in anorexia induced by T-2 toxin. The study divided the mice into control group (CG, 0 mg/kg BW T-2 toxin) and T-2 toxin-treated group (TG, 1 mg/kg BW T-2 toxin), which oral gavage for 4 weeks, to construct a subacute T-2 toxin poisoning mouse model. This data proved that T-2 toxin was able to induce an anorexia in mice by increased the contents of gastrointestinal hormones (CCK, GIP, GLP-1 and PYY), neurotransmitters (5-HT and SP), as well as pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1ß, IL-6 and TNF-α) in serum of mice. T-2 toxin disturbed the composition of gut microbiota, especially, Faecalibaculum and Allobaculum, which was positively correlated with CCK, GLP-1, 5-HT, IL-1ß, IL-6 and TNF-α, which played a certain role in regulating host appetite. In conclusion, gut microbiota changes (especially an increase in the abundance of Faecalibaculum and Allobaculum) promote the upregulation of gastrointestinal hormones, neurotransmitters, and pro-inflammatory cytokines, which may be a potential mechanism of T-2 toxin-induced anorexia.


Assuntos
Anorexia , Microbioma Gastrointestinal , Toxina T-2 , Animais , Toxina T-2/toxicidade , Microbioma Gastrointestinal/efeitos dos fármacos , Anorexia/induzido quimicamente , Camundongos , Citocinas/metabolismo , Hormônios Gastrointestinais/metabolismo , Masculino
4.
Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol ; 324(1): H33-H46, 2023 01 01.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36426884

RESUMO

Even in the 21st century, female participants continue to be underrepresented in human physiology research. This underrepresentation is attributable in part to the perception that the inclusion of females is more time consuming, less convenient, and more expensive relative to males because of the need to account for the menstrual cycle in cardiovascular study designs. Accounting for menstrual cycle-induced fluctuations in gonadal hormones is important, given established roles in governing vascular function and evidence that failure to consider gonadal hormone fluctuations can result in misinterpretations of biomarkers of cardiovascular disease. Thus, for cardiovascular researchers, the inclusion of females in research studies implies a necessity to predict, quantify, and/or track indexes of menstrual cycle-induced changes in hormones. It is here that methodologies are lacking. Gold standard measurement requires venous blood samples, but this technique is invasive and can become both expensive and technically preclusive when serial measurements are required. To this end, saliva-derived measures of gonadal hormones provide a means of simple, noninvasive hormone tracking. To investigate the feasibility of this technique as a means of facilitating research designs that take the menstrual cycle into account, the purpose of this review was to examine literature comparing salivary and blood concentrations of the primary gonadal hormones that fluctuate across the menstrual cycle: estradiol and progesterone. The data indicate that there appear to be valid and promising applications of salivary gonadal hormone monitoring, which may aid in the inclusion of female participants in cardiovascular research studies.


Assuntos
Ciclo Menstrual , Progesterona , Masculino , Humanos , Feminino , Ciclo Menstrual/fisiologia , Estradiol , Saliva
5.
Childs Nerv Syst ; 39(6): 1529-1536, 2023 06.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36821007

RESUMO

PURPOSE: Pediatric diffuse malignant glioma located in the brainstem was officially named "diffuse midline glioma" (DMG) by the World Health Organization in 2016. For this disease, radical surgery is not beneficial, and the only major treatment strategy is radiotherapy. However, the dose limitations to brainstem tissue mean that treatment by radiotherapy can only control and not eradicate the tumors, and there is no effective treatment for recurrence, resulting in short overall survival of 6-12 months. This paper reports our experience with boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT), a new treatment process, and its efficacy in treating children with recurrent DMG. METHODS: From September 2019 to July 2022, we treated 6 children affected by recurrent DMG. With the collaboration of Taipei Veteran General Hospital (TVGH) and National Tsing-Hua University (NTHU), each patient received two sessions of BNCT within 1 month. RESULTS: Among the six patients, three showed partial response and the rest had stable disease after the treatment. The overall survival and recurrence-free survival duration after treatment were 6.39 and 4.35 months, respectively. None of the patients developed severe side effects, and only one patient developed brain necrosis, which was most likely resulted from previous hypofractionated radiotherapy received. CONCLUSION: BNCT elicited sufficient tumor response with low normal tissue toxicity; it may benefit vulnerable pediatric patients with DMG.


Assuntos
Terapia por Captura de Nêutron de Boro , Neoplasias Encefálicas , Glioma , Humanos , Criança , Neoplasias Encefálicas/radioterapia , Terapia por Captura de Nêutron de Boro/efeitos adversos , Terapia por Captura de Nêutron de Boro/métodos , Glioma/radioterapia , Resultado do Tratamento , Recidiva Local de Neoplasia/patologia
6.
BMC Health Serv Res ; 23(1): 514, 2023 May 22.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37211610

RESUMO

BACKGROUND AND AIM: The traditional method of taking Chinese Medicine involves creating a decoction by cooking medicinal Chinese herbs. However, this method has become less popular, being replaced by the more convenient method of consuming concentrated Chinese herbal extracts, which creates challenges related to the complexity of stacking multiple formulas. METHODS: We developed the Chinese Intelligence Prescription System (CIPS) to simplify the prescription process. In this study, we used data from our institutions pharmacy to calculate the number of reductions, average dispensing time, and resulting cost savings. RESULTS: The mean number of prescriptions was reduced from 8.19 ± 3.65 to 7.37 ± 3.34 ([Formula: see text]). The reduction in the number of prescriptions directly resulted in decreased dispensing time, reducing it from 1.79 ± 0.25 to 1.63 ± 0.66 min ([Formula: see text]). The reduced dispensing time totaled 3.75 h per month per pharmacist, equivalent to an annual labor cost savings of $15,488 NTD per pharmacist. In addition, drug loss was reduced during the prescription process, with a mean savings of $4,517 NTD per year. The combined savings adds up to a not insignificant $20,005 NTD per year per pharmacist. When taking all TCM clinics/hospitals in Taiwan into account, the total annual savings would be $77 million NTD. CONCLUSION: CIPS assists clinicians and pharmacists to formulate precise prescriptions in a clinical setting to simplify the dispensing process while reducing medical resource waste and labor costs.


Assuntos
Assistência Farmacêutica , Farmácia , Humanos , Custos de Medicamentos , Prescrições , Farmacêuticos , Prescrições de Medicamentos , Medicina Tradicional Chinesa
7.
Ecotoxicol Environ Saf ; 253: 114695, 2023 Mar 15.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36857919

RESUMO

T-2 toxin is an unavoidable food and feed contaminant that seriously threatens human and animal health. Exposure to T-2 toxin can cause testosterone synthesis disorder in male animals, but the molecular mechanism is still not completely clear. The MAPK pathway participates in the regulation of testosterone synthesis by Leydig cells, but it is unclear whether the MAPK pathway participates in T-2 toxin-induced testosterone synthesis disorders. In this research, testosterone synthesis capacity, testosterone synthase expression and MAPK pathway activation were examined in male mice and TM3 cells exposed to T-2 toxin. The results showed that T-2 toxin exposure decreased testicular volume and caused pathological changes in the microstructure and ultrastructure of testicular Leydig cells. T-2 toxin exposure also decreased testicular testosterone content and the protein expression of testosterone synthase. In vitro, T-2 toxin inhibited cell viability and decreased the expression of testosterone synthase in TM3 cells, and it decreased the testosterone contents in cell culture supernatants. Moreover, T-2 toxin activated the MAPK pathway by increasing the expression of p38, JNK and ERK as well as the expression of p-p38, p-JNK and p-ERK in testis and TM3 cells. The p38 molecular inhibitor (SB203580) significantly alleviated the T-2 toxin-induced decrease in testosterone synthase expression in TM3 cells and the T-2 toxin-induced reduction in testosterone content in TM3 cell culture supernatants. In summary, p38 mediates T-2 toxin-induced Leydig cell testosterone synthesis disorder.


Assuntos
Células Intersticiais do Testículo , Toxina T-2 , Masculino , Camundongos , Humanos , Animais , Células Intersticiais do Testículo/metabolismo , Toxina T-2/toxicidade , Testosterona/metabolismo , Testículo/metabolismo , Células Cultivadas
8.
Molecules ; 27(12)2022 Jun 20.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35745070

RESUMO

Our previous findings have shown that the chlorophyllides composites have anticancer activities to breast cancer cell lines (MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231). In the present study, microarray gene expression profiling was utilized to investigate the chlorophyllides anticancer mechanism on the breast cancer cells lines. Results showed that chlorophyllides composites induced upregulation of 43 and 56 differentially expressed genes (DEG) in MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cells, respectively. In both cell lines, chlorophyllides composites modulated the expression of annexin A4 (ANXA4), chemokine C-C motif receptor 1 (CCR1), stromal interaction molecule 2 (STIM2), ethanolamine kinase 1 (ETNK1) and member of RAS oncogene family (RAP2B). Further, the KEGG annotation revealed that chlorophyllides composites modulated DEGs that are associated with the endocrine system in MCF-7 cells and with the nervous system in MDA-MB-231 cells, respectively. The expression levels of 9 genes were validated by quantitative reverse transcription PCR (RT-qPCR). The expression of CCR1, STIM2, ETNK1, MAGl1 and TOP2A were upregulated in both chlorophyllides composites treated-MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cells. The different expression of NLRC5, SLC7A7 and PKN1 provided valuable information for future investigation and development of novel cancer therapy.


Assuntos
Neoplasias da Mama , Clorofilídeos , Sistema y+L de Transporte de Aminoácidos , Mama , Neoplasias da Mama/tratamento farmacológico , Neoplasias da Mama/genética , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Detecção Precoce de Câncer , Feminino , Humanos , Peptídeos e Proteínas de Sinalização Intracelular , Células MCF-7 , Proteínas rap de Ligação ao GTP
9.
Anal Chem ; 93(25): 8889-8896, 2021 06 29.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34134486

RESUMO

The classification of ignitable liquids, such as gasoline, is critical crime scene intelligence to assist arson investigations. Rapid field gasoline classification is challenging because the current forensic testing standard requires gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis of evidence in an accredited laboratory. In this work, we reported a new intelligent analytical platform for field identification and classification of gasoline evidence. A hand-held Raman spectrometer was utilized to collect Raman spectra of reference gasoline samples with various octane numbers. The Raman spectrum pattern was converted into image presentations by continuous wavelet transformation (CWT) to facilitate artificial intelligence development using the transfer learning technique. GoogLeNet, a pretrained convolutional neural network (CNN), was adapted to train the classification model. Six different classification models were also developed from the same data set using conventional machine learning algorithms to evaluate the performance of our new approach. The experimental results indicated that the pretrained CNN model developed by our new data workflow outperformed other models in several performance benchmarks, such as accuracy, precision, recall, F1, Cohen's Kappa, and Matthews correlation coefficient. When the transfer learning model was challenged with the data collected from weathered gasoline samples, the classifier could still offer 73 and 53% accuracy for 50 and 25% weathered gasoline samples, respectively. In conclusion, wavelet transforms combined with transfer learning successfully processed and classified complex Raman spectral data without feature engineering. We envision that this nondestructive, automated, and accurate platform will accelerate crime scene intelligence development based on evidence's chemical signatures detected by hand-held Raman spectrometers.


Assuntos
Inteligência Artificial , Redes Neurais de Computação , Crime , Inteligência , Aprendizado de Máquina
10.
Dev Biol ; 449(2): 122-131, 2019 05 15.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30826398

RESUMO

Axolotls have amazing abilities to regenerate their lost limbs. Nerve and wound epidermis have great impacts on this regeneration. Histone deacetylases (HDACs) have been shown to play roles in the regeneration of amphibian tails and limbs. In this study, a bi-phasic up-regulation of HDAC1 was noted before early differentiation stage of axolotl limb regeneration. Limb regeneration was delayed in larvae incubated with an HDAC inhibitor MS-275. Local injection of MS-275 or TSA, another HDAC inhibitor, into amputation sites of the juveniles did not interfere with wound healing but more profoundly inhibited local HDAC activities and blastema formation/limb regeneration. Elevation of HDAC1 expression was more apparent in wound epidermis than in mesenchyme. Prior denervation prohibited this elevation and limb regeneration. Supplementation of nerve factors BMP7, FGF2, and FGF8 in the stump ends after amputation on denervated limbs not only enabled HDAC1 up-regulation but also led to more extent of limb regeneration. In conclusion, nerve-mediated HDAC1 expression is required for blastema formation and limb regeneration.


Assuntos
Ambystoma mexicanum/fisiologia , Extremidades/fisiologia , Histona Desacetilase 1/metabolismo , Regeneração/fisiologia , Ambystoma mexicanum/cirurgia , Amputação Cirúrgica , Animais , Benzamidas/farmacologia , Proteína Morfogenética Óssea 7/farmacologia , Denervação/métodos , Extremidades/inervação , Extremidades/cirurgia , Fator 2 de Crescimento de Fibroblastos/farmacologia , Inibidores de Histona Desacetilases/farmacologia , Larva/efeitos dos fármacos , Larva/fisiologia , Células-Tronco Pluripotentes/efeitos dos fármacos , Células-Tronco Pluripotentes/metabolismo , Piridinas/farmacologia , Regeneração/efeitos dos fármacos , Cicatrização/efeitos dos fármacos , Cicatrização/fisiologia
11.
Pediatr Blood Cancer ; 66(1): e27496, 2019 01.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30280491

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: The leukemogenesis of T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) involves multistep processes of genetic alterations. We aimed to determine the genetic alterations including common fusion transcripts, overexpression of T-cell transcription factor oncogenes, and deletion or mutation of targeted genes in pediatric T-ALL in Taiwan as well as their impact on outcomes in those treated with the Taiwan Pediatric Oncology Group-ALL-2002 protocol. PROCEDURE: Between 1995 and 2015, bone marrow samples obtained from 102 children aged <18 years consecutively diagnosed with T-ALL were examined. Thirty-two genetic alterations were examined by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays-PCR-based assays-followed by direct sequencing, real time quantitative PCR with TaqMan assays, or multiplex ligase probe amplification. RESULTS: TAL1 overexpression, CDKN2A/2B deletions, and NOTCH1 mutation were the most frequent aberrations while none had NF1, SUZ12 deletion, JAK1 or JAK2 mutations, or NUP214-ABL1 fusion in our cohort. The most frequent cooperating occurrence of genetic alterations included CDKN2A/2B and MTAP, MTAP and CDKN2B, LEF1 and PTPN2, and HOX11L2 and PHF6 mutation/deletion. NOTCH1 mutations conferred a favorable overall survival, whereas SIL-TAL1 fusion, TAL overexpression, LEF1 deletion, and PHF6 deletion/mutation were associated with an inferior outcome. By multivariate analysis, PHF6 mutation/deletion was the only independent predictor for inferior overall survival. CONCLUSIONS: The present study showed that the frequencies of genetic alterations in Taiwanese children with T-ALL differed considerably from those reported in Western countries. PHF6 mutation/deletion was an independently adverse predictor.


Assuntos
Biomarcadores Tumorais/genética , Mutação , Proteínas de Fusão Oncogênica/genética , Leucemia-Linfoma Linfoblástico de Células T Precursoras/epidemiologia , Leucemia-Linfoma Linfoblástico de Células T Precursoras/genética , Adolescente , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Feminino , Seguimentos , Humanos , Lactente , Masculino , Leucemia-Linfoma Linfoblástico de Células T Precursoras/patologia , Prognóstico , Taxa de Sobrevida , Taiwan/epidemiologia
12.
Dig Dis Sci ; 63(11): 2923-2929, 2018 11.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30014223

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Multiple factors including host-microbiota interaction could contribute to the conversion of healthy mucosa to sporadic precancerous lesions. An imbalance of the gut microbiota may be a cause or consequence of this process. AIM: The goal was to investigate and analyze the composition of gut microbiota during the genesis of precancerous lesions of colorectal cancer. METHODS: To analyze the composition of gut microbiota in the genesis of precancerous lesions, a rat model of 1, 2-dimethylhydrazine (DMH)-induced aberrant crypt foci (ACF) was established. The feces of these rats and healthy rats were collected for 16S rRNA sequencing. RESULTS: The diversity and density of the rat intestinal microbiota were significantly different between ACF-bearing and non-bearing group. ACF were induced in rats treated with DMH and showed increased expression of the inflammatory cytokines IL-6, IL-8, and TNF-α. Firmicutes was the most predominant phylum in both ACF-bearing and non-bearing group, followed by Bacteroidetes. Interestingly, although the density of Bacteroidetes decreased from the fifth week to the 17th week in both groups, it was significantly reduced in ACF-bearing group at the 13th week (P < 0.01). At the genus level, no significant difference was observed in the most predominant genus, Lactobacillus. Instead, Bacteroides and Prevotella were significantly less abundant (P < 0.01), while Akkermansia was significantly more abundant (P < 0.05) in ACF-bearing group at the 13th week. CONCLUSION: Imbalance of the intestinal microbiota existed between ACF-bearing and non-bearing rats, which could be used as biomarker to predict the genesis of precancerous lesions in the gut.


Assuntos
Focos de Criptas Aberrantes/microbiologia , Carcinogênese , Neoplasias Colorretais/microbiologia , Microbioma Gastrointestinal , Animais , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Masculino , Ratos Sprague-Dawley
13.
PLoS Pathog ; 8(2): e1002513, 2012 Feb.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-22346749

RESUMO

Stomata play an important role in plant innate immunity by limiting pathogen entry into leaves but molecular mechanisms regulating stomatal closure upon pathogen perception are not well understood. Here we show that the Arabidopsis thaliana L-type lectin receptor kinase-V.5 (LecRK-V.5) negatively regulates stomatal immunity. Loss of LecRK-V.5 function increased resistance to surface inoculation with virulent bacteria Pseudomonas syringae pv tomato DC3000. Levels of resistance were not affected after infiltration-inoculation, suggesting that LecRK-V.5 functions at an early defense stage. By contrast, lines overexpressing LecRK-V.5 were more susceptible to Pst DC3000. Enhanced resistance in lecrk-V.5 mutants was correlated with constitutive stomatal closure, while increased susceptibility phenotypes in overexpression lines were associated with early stomatal reopening. Lines overexpressing LecRK-V.5 also demonstrated a defective stomatal closure after pathogen-associated molecular pattern (PAMP) treatments. LecRK-V.5 is rapidly expressed in stomatal guard cells after bacterial inoculation or treatment with the bacterial PAMP flagellin. In addition, lecrk-V.5 mutants guard cells exhibited constitutive accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and inhibition of ROS production opened stomata of lecrk-V.5. LecRK-V.5 is also shown to interfere with abscisic acid-mediated stomatal closure signaling upstream of ROS production. These results provide genetic evidences that LecRK-V.5 negatively regulates stomatal immunity upstream of ROS biosynthesis. Our data reveal that plants have evolved mechanisms to reverse bacteria-mediated stomatal closure to prevent long-term effect on CO(2) uptake and photosynthesis.


Assuntos
Proteínas de Arabidopsis/imunologia , Arabidopsis/fisiologia , Resistência à Doença/fisiologia , Doenças das Plantas/imunologia , Estômatos de Plantas/fisiologia , Proteínas Serina-Treonina Quinases/imunologia , Pseudomonas syringae/fisiologia , Ácido Abscísico/metabolismo , Arabidopsis/enzimologia , Arabidopsis/genética , Arabidopsis/imunologia , Proteínas de Arabidopsis/genética , Proteínas de Arabidopsis/metabolismo , Dióxido de Carbono/metabolismo , Membrana Celular/enzimologia , Flagelina , Regulação da Expressão Gênica de Plantas/fisiologia , Solanum lycopersicum/microbiologia , Modelos Biológicos , Mutação , Fenótipo , Fotossíntese , Doenças das Plantas/microbiologia , Folhas de Planta/genética , Folhas de Planta/imunologia , Folhas de Planta/microbiologia , Folhas de Planta/fisiologia , Estômatos de Plantas/genética , Estômatos de Plantas/imunologia , Estômatos de Plantas/microbiologia , Proteínas Serina-Treonina Quinases/genética , Proteínas Serina-Treonina Quinases/metabolismo , Espécies Reativas de Oxigênio/análise , Espécies Reativas de Oxigênio/metabolismo , Transdução de Sinais/fisiologia
14.
J Forensic Sci ; 69(4): 1222-1234, 2024 Jul.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38798027

RESUMO

Due to the complex nature of the chemical compositions of ignitable liquids (IL) and the interferences from fire debris matrices, interpreting chromatographic data poses challenges to analysts. In this work, artificial intelligence (AI) was developed by transfer learning in a convolutional neural network (CNN), GoogLeNet. The image classification AI was fine-tuned to create intelligent classification systems to discriminate samples containing gasoline residues from burned substrates. All ground truth samples were analyzed by headspace solid-phase microextraction (HS-SPME) coupled with a gas chromatograph and mass spectrometer (GC/MS). The HS-SPME-GC/MS data were transformed into three types of image presentations, that is, heatmaps, extracted ion heatmaps, and total ion chromatograms. The abundance and mass-to-charge ratios of each scan were converted into image patterns that are characteristic of the chemical profiles of gasoline. The transfer learning data were labeled as "gasoline present" and "gasoline absent" classes. The assessment results demonstrated that all AI models achieved 100 ± 0% accuracy in identifying neat gasoline. When the models were assessed using the spiked samples, the AI model developed using the extracted ion heatmap obtained the highest accuracy rate (95.9 ± 0.4%), which was greater than those obtained by other machine learning models, ranging from 17.3 ± 0.7% to 78.7 ± 0.7%. The proposed work demonstrated that the heatmaps created from GC/MS data can represent chemical features from the samples. Additionally, the pretrained CNN models are readily available in the transfer learning workflow to develop AI for GC/MS data interpretation in fire debris analysis.

15.
Opt Express ; 21(13): 15538-52, 2013 Jul 01.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-23842341

RESUMO

We present two methods for the precise independent focusing of orthogonal linear polarizations of light at arbitrary relative locations. Our first scheme uses a displaced lens in a polarization Sagnac interferometer to provide adjustable longitudinal and lateral focal displacements via simple geometry; the second uses uniaxial crystals to achieve the same effect in a compact collinear setup. We develop the theoretical applications and limitations of our schemes, and provide experimental confirmation of our calculations.

16.
Anal Biochem ; 442(1): 34-9, 2013 Nov 01.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-23872009

RESUMO

A novel TiO2/CdS nanocomposite was prepared and used to fabricate an electrochemiluminescence (ECL) biosensor for the detection of cancer cells for the first time. The nanocomposite exhibited a strong cathodic ECL signal. Folic acid for targeting cell membranes was bound to a TiO2/CdS/3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane film, and specific recognition of folic acid to targeting cells was achieved, leading to a significant decrease in ECL intensity. The decrease in ECL signal was logarithmically related to the cell concentration in the range of 150-9600 cells mL(-1). The ECL biosensor could provide a sensitive, selective, and convenient approach for early and accurate detection of cancer cells.


Assuntos
Compostos de Cádmio/química , Técnicas Eletroquímicas , Luminescência , Nanocompostos/química , Neoplasias/patologia , Sulfetos/química , Titânio/química , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Humanos , Estrutura Molecular
17.
J Chromatogr A ; 1701: 464063, 2023 Jul 19.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37201431

RESUMO

Gasoline is one of the most encountered ignitable liquids (IL) in fire debris analysis. The extraction of gasoline from fire debris samples presents challenges due to the complicated nature of multicomponent mixtures. This research work proposed a novel carbon nanotube-assisted solid phase microextraction (CNT-SPME) fiber coupled with gas chromatography and mass spectrometry (GC/MS) to determine gasoline residues for fire debris analysis. The CNT-SPME fiber was prepared by a sequential coating of polydopamine, epoxy, and CNTs on a stainless-steel wire. The extraction capabilities of the CNT-SPME fiber for gasoline and its major aromatic groups (xylenes, alkylbenzenes, indanes, and naphthalenes) from neat and spiked samples were promising, with linear dynamic ranges of 0.4-12.5 and 3.1-12.5 µg 20-mL-1 headspace vial, respectively. The average relative standard deviations and accuracies for all concentration ranges in this work were lower than 15%. The relative recovery of the CNT-SPME fiber for all aromatic groups ranged from 28 ± 3% to 59 ± 2%. Additionally, the CNT-SPME fiber showed a higher selectivity for the naphthalenes group in gasoline, as indicated by the experimental outcome using a pulsed thermal desorption process of the extracts. We envision the nanomaterial-based SPME offers promising opportunities for extracting and detecting other ILs to support fire investigation.


Assuntos
Gasolina , Nanotubos de Carbono , Nanotubos de Carbono/química , Microextração em Fase Sólida/métodos , Aço Inoxidável/química , Naftalenos
18.
Front Psychol ; 14: 1170669, 2023.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37560098

RESUMO

Introduction: Though the important effect of cultural identity on subjective well-being is widely acknowledged, the details of how different cultures' unique features influence well-being remain to be revealed. To address this issue in the context of Chinese culture, the present study investigates whether and how the prominent features of Chinese culture-collectivism and red culture-shape Chinese people's subjective well-being. Methods: The Red Cultural Identity Scale, Subjective Well-Being Scale, Collectivism Scale, and Perspective-Taking Scale were used to assess 1,045 Chinese residents. Results: The results showed that red cultural identity positively predicted participants' subjective well-being through the mediated role of collectivism. Furthermore, perspective-taking was found to moderate the mediating effect of collectivism. Discussion: These results demonstrate that the way cultural identity predicts subjective well-being is highly correlated to specific cultural features, e.g., the opinion of values, which was significant in practice with a cross-cultural background.

19.
Food Chem Toxicol ; 179: 113982, 2023 Sep.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37553049

RESUMO

The presence of anorexia in animals is the most well-known clinical symptom of T-2 toxin poisoning. T-2 toxin is the most characteristic type A toxin in the trichothecene mycotoxins. The consumption of T-2 toxin can cause anorexic response in mice, rats, rabbits, and other animals. In this review, the basic information of T-2 toxin, appetite regulation mechanism and the molecular mechanism of T-2 toxin-induced anorectic response in animals are presented and discussed. The objective of this overview is to describe the research progress of anorexia in animals produced by T-2 toxin. T-2 toxin mainly causes antifeedant reaction through four pathways: vagus nerve, gastrointestinal hormone, neurotransmitter and cytokine. This review aims to give an academic basis and useable reference for the prevention and treatment of clinical symptoms of anorexia in animals resulting from T-2 toxin.


Assuntos
Depressores do Apetite , Micotoxinas , Toxina T-2 , Camundongos , Ratos , Animais , Coelhos , Anorexia/induzido quimicamente , Micotoxinas/efeitos adversos , Neurotransmissores
20.
Toxics ; 11(4)2023 Apr 21.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37112621

RESUMO

T-2 toxin, the most toxic type A trichothecene mycotoxin, is produced by Fusarium, and is widely found in contaminated feed and stored grains. T-2 toxin is physicochemically stable and is challenging to eradicate from contaminated feed and cereal, resulting in food contamination that is inescapable and poses a major hazard to both human and animal health, according to the World Health Organization. Oxidative stress is the upstream cause of all pathogenic variables, and is the primary mechanism through which T-2 toxin causes poisoning. Nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) also plays a crucial part in oxidative stress, iron metabolism and mitochondrial homeostasis. The major ideas and emerging trends in future study are comprehensively discussed in this review, along with research progress and the molecular mechanism of Nrf2's involvement in the toxicity impact brought on by T-2 toxin. This paper could provide a theoretical foundation for elucidating how Nrf2 reduces oxidative damage caused by T-2 toxin, and a theoretical reference for exploring target drugs to alleviate T-2 toxin toxicity with Nrf2 molecules.

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