RESUMO
Liver disease causes millions of deaths per year worldwide, and approximately half of these cases are due to cirrhosis, which is an advanced stage of liver fibrosis that can be accompanied by liver failure and portal hypertension. Early detection of liver fibrosis helps in improving its treatment and prevents its progression to cirrhosis. In this work, we present a novel noninvasive method to detect liver fibrosis from tagged MRI images using a machine learning-based approach. Specifically, coronal and sagittal tagged MRI imaging are analyzed separately to capture cardiac-induced deformation of the liver. The liver is manually delineated and a novel image feature, namely, the histogram of the peak strain (HPS) value, is computed from the segmented liver region and is used to classify the liver as being either normal or fibrotic. Classification is achieved using a support vector machine algorithm. The in vivo study included 15 healthy volunteers (10 males; age range 30-45 years) and 22 patients (15 males; age range 25-50 years) with liver fibrosis verified and graded by transient elastography, and 10 patients only had a liver biopsy and were diagnosed with a score of F3-F4. The proposed method demonstrates the usefulness and efficiency of extracting the HPS features from the sagittal slices for patients with moderate fibrosis. Cross-validation of the method showed an accuracy of 83.7% (specificity = 86.6%, sensitivity = 81.8%).
Assuntos
Coração/diagnóstico por imagem , Cirrose Hepática/diagnóstico por imagem , Cirrose Hepática/diagnóstico , Aprendizado de Máquina , Imageamento por Ressonância Magnética , Adulto , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Sístole , Fatores de TempoRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To assess the diagnostic accuracy and illustrate positive findings of contrast-enhanced fluorine-18 fluoro-D-glucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography (18F-FDG PET/CT) image in patients awaiting liver transplantation (LT) with rising alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) after bridge therapy of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). MATERIALS AND METHODS: This prospective study included 100 patients who were waiting for LT and who previously underwent locoregional therapy (LRT) of HCC. These patients had rising AFP levels on a routine follow-up examination awaiting LT. All patients underwent a contrast-enhanced 18F-FDG PET/CT examination. We calculated for each patient the maximum standardised uptake value (SUVmax) of the tumour and the ratio of the tumoral SUVmax to the normal-liver SUVmax. The diagnostic accuracy and positive contrast-enhanced findings of 18F-FDG PET/CT were established by histopathology and clinical and imaging follow-up as the reference standards. RESULTS: Contrast-enhanced 18F-FDG PET/CT detected tumour relapse in 78 patients (13 patients had intrahepatic lesions, 10 patients had extrahepatic metastases and 55 patients with combined lesions). The sensitivity, specificity and accuracy values of contrast-enhanced 18F-FDG PET/CT examination in the detection of HCC recurrence were 92.8%, 94.1% and 93%, respectively. A significant correlation was found between the AFP level and SUVmax ratio (r = 0.2283; p = 0.0224). The best threshold for 18F-FDG PET positivity was >1.21. CONCLUSION: Contrast-enhanced 18F-FDG PET/CT is a valuable tool for the detection of intrahepatic HCC recurrence or extrahepatic metastasis following rising AFP levels after LRT of HCC, and should be incorporated during routine workup awaiting LT. KEY POINTS: ⢠18F-FDG PET/CT is a valuable tool for the detection of HCC recurrence ⢠18 F-FDG PET/CT should be incorporated during routine workup awaiting liver transplantation ⢠Significant correlation was found between AFP level and SUVmax ratio ⢠The best threshold for 18 F-FDG PET positivity was >1.21 ⢠The ideal cut-off value for AFP was >202.
Assuntos
Carcinoma Hepatocelular/diagnóstico , Fluordesoxiglucose F18/farmacologia , Neoplasias Hepáticas/diagnóstico , Transplante de Fígado , Tomografia por Emissão de Pósitrons combinada à Tomografia Computadorizada/métodos , alfa-Fetoproteínas/metabolismo , Adulto , Idoso , Biomarcadores Tumorais/sangue , Carcinoma Hepatocelular/sangue , Carcinoma Hepatocelular/terapia , Feminino , Seguimentos , Humanos , Neoplasias Hepáticas/sangue , Neoplasias Hepáticas/terapia , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Estudos Prospectivos , Compostos Radiofarmacêuticos/farmacologia , Listas de EsperaAssuntos
Neoplasias da Mama/diagnóstico por imagem , Fluordesoxiglucose F18/farmacocinética , Metástase Linfática/diagnóstico , Tomografia por Emissão de Pósitrons combinada à Tomografia Computadorizada/métodos , Compostos Radiofarmacêuticos/farmacocinética , Adulto , Idoso , Axila , Mama/diagnóstico por imagem , Mama/patologia , Neoplasias da Mama/patologia , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Prognóstico , Estudos Prospectivos , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes , Medição de RiscoRESUMO
Background: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Symptoms and severity of COVID19 are variable. Aim of the work: To evaluate the effectiveness and to identify side effects of the COVID-19 vaccines among Egyptian patients with autoimmune rheumatic diseases (RDs). Patients and methods: The study included 126 patients with various RDs and 200 control. Detailed medical history was recorded with special concern regarding COVID-19 vaccination, types, doses, side effects, post-vaccination infection and treatment. Results: In patients, BBIBP-CorV (Sinopharm) was the most frequent vaccine 42.3 % (n = 52); CoronaVac (Sinovac) 22 % (n = 27); ChAdOx1 (AstraZeneca) 17.9 % (n = 22); BNT162 (Pfizer BioNTech) 14.6 % (n = 18); Sputnik V 1.6 % (n = 2) and Ad26.COV2-S (Johnson & Johnson) 1.6 % (n = 2). Regarding the control, 34.4 % (n = 62) received AstraZeneca; 26.1 % (n = 47) Sinopharm; 16.7 % (n = 30) Pfizer; 11.7 % (n = 21) Sinovac; 6.7 % (n = 12) Sputnik; 3.3 % (n = 6) Johnson & Johnson and 1.2 % (n = 2) mRNA1273 (Moderna). COVID-19 infection decreased after vaccination from 32 (25.4 %) to 7 (5.6 %), and from 162 (81.0 %) to 85 (42.7 %) in RD patients and the control respectively. ICU admission decreased from (6.3 %) among RD patients and from (1.3 %) in control to 0 % after vaccination in both groups. In RD patients, body ache was the commonest reported vaccine adverse effect (44.4 %). Pain at the injection site was the commonest among control (77 %). ChAdOx1 (AstraZeneca) had the highest incidence of side effects, mRNA1273 (Moderna) showed the lowest. Conclusion: COVID-19 vaccine was effective in decreasing infection and disease severity in RDs patients and control, with similar, mild adverse effects.
RESUMO
BACKGROUND: Research has revealed that asymptomatic and pre-symptomatic infections are important contributors to the transmission of SARS-CoV-2 in populations. In Egypt, the true prevalence of infections is veiled due to the low number of screening tests. The aim of this study was to determine the SARS-CoV-2 PCR positivity rate as well the seroprevalence of the SARS-CoV-2 antibodies before the ultimate development of a second wave of the epidemic in Cairo, Egypt. METHODS: Our study was carried out between May 5 and the end of October 2020. It included all patients requiring admission to Ain Shams University hospitals. An interview questionnaire was used to collect demographic and clinical data. Laboratory tests for all participants included RT-PCR and total antibody assay for SARS-CoV-2. RESULTS: A total of 4,313 subjects were enrolled in our study, with females representing 56% of the sample. Adults and middle-aged individuals represented around 60% of the study sample. The positivity rate of SARS-CoV-2 PCR was 3.84% (95% CI 3.29-4.48), and the SARS-CoV-2 antibody seroprevalence was 29.82% (95% CI: 28.16-31.51). Males showed a higher risk for getting the COVID-19 infection, while middle-age group had significantly higher antibody seroprevalence rates. CONCLUSION: SARS-CoV-2 infection imposes a high burden on the community as detected by high seroprevalence rates.
Assuntos
Teste de Ácido Nucleico para COVID-19/estatística & dados numéricos , Teste Sorológico para COVID-19/estatística & dados numéricos , COVID-19/epidemiologia , Adolescente , Adulto , COVID-19/diagnóstico , Egito , Feminino , Hospitais Universitários/estatística & dados numéricos , Humanos , Masculino , Programas de Rastreamento/estatística & dados numéricos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Estudos SoroepidemiológicosRESUMO
Liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) constitute one of the major causes of morbidity, mortality, and high health care costs worldwide. Multiple treatment options are available for HCC depending on the clinical status of the patient, size and location of the tumor, and available techniques and expertise. Locoregional treatment options are multiple. The most challenging part is how to assess the treatment response by different imaging modalities, but our scope will be assessing the response to locoregional therapy for HCC by MRI. This will be addressed by conventional MR methods using LI-RADS v2018 and by functional MR using diffusion-weighted imaging, perfusion, and highlighting the value of the novel intravoxel incoherent motion (IVIM).