Influence of response to prior docetaxel on sensitivity to cabazitaxel in prostate cancer patients with PTEN alterations.

The purpose of this study was to investigate factors predicting the sensitivity to cabazitaxel therapy in metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) patients with phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted from chromosome 10 (PTEN) alterations. This single-institution, retrospective study included 12 mCRPC patients with PTEN alterations who had received cabazitaxel therapy. Five patients (41%) responded to cabazitaxel therapy with a prostate-specific antigen (PSA) level decline of ≥30% from baseline, and all of them had responded to prior docetaxel therapy with a PSA decline of ≥30%. None of the patients with a poor response to prior docetaxel therapy responded well to cabazitaxel therapy. Of the seven patients who did not respond to cabazitaxel and whose PSA declined from baseline was <30%, five (71%) were also refractory to prior docetaxel therapy. The PSA responses to docetaxel and cabazitaxel were significantly correlated (p = 0.027). Kaplan-Meier analysis revealed that progression-free survival (PFS) for cabazitaxel was significantly shorter for prior docetaxel nonresponders (3.3 versus 9.1 months, p = 0.028). Multivariate analysis revealed that a poor response to prior docetaxel (PSA decline < 30%) (hazard ratio [HR] = 6.382, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.172-34.750, p = 0.032) and baseline PSA of ≥20 ng/ml (HR = 33.584, 95% CI 2.332-483.671, p = 0.010) were independent prognostic factors for PFS with cabazitaxel therapy. These results demonstrate cross-resistance between docetaxel and cabazitaxel. The response to prior docetaxel therapy can influence the sensitivity to cabazitaxel therapy in mCRPC patients with PTEN alterations.

Guideline adherence for radical cystectomy significantly affects survival outcomes in non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer patients.

BACKGROUND: The relationship between guideline adherence for radical cystectomy of non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer and patient prognoses currently remains unclear. We investigated whether guideline adherence at the time of non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer affects the oncological outcomes of bladder cancer patients who underwent radical cystectomy. METHODS: Among 267 cTa-4N0-2M0 bladder cancer patients, 70 who underwent radical cystectomy under the non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer or muscle-invasive bladder cancer status that progressed from non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer were identified. Patients who followed the guidelines from initial transurethral resection of bladder tumors to radical cystectomy were defined as the guideline adherent group (n = 52), while those who did not were the guideline non-adherent group (n = 18). RESULTS: In the guideline non-adherent group, 8 (44.4%) out of 18 were diagnosed with highest risk non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer for Bacillus Calmette Guérin-naïve patients and 7 (38.9%) had a Bacillus Calmette Guérin unresponsive tumor status. Five-year recurrence-free survival and cancer-specific survival rates for the guideline non-adherent group vs guideline adherent group were 38.9% vs 69.8% (P = 0.018) and 52.7% vs 80.1% (P = 0.006), respectively. A multivariate analysis identified guideline non-adherence as one of independent indicators for disease recurrence (hazard ratio = 2.81, P = 0.008) and cancer-specific death (hazard ratio = 4.04, P = 0.003). In a subgroup analysis of 49 patients with cT1 or less non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer at the time of radical cystectomy, guideline non-adherence remained an independent prognostic factor for cancer-specific survival (hazard ratio = 3.46, P = 0.027). CONCLUSIONS: Guideline adherence during the time course of the non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer stage may result in a favorable prognosis of patients who receive radical cystectomy. Even under non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer status, radical cystectomy needs to be performed with adequate timing under guideline recommendations.

Maintenance avelumab therapy for urothelial carcinoma in a hemodialysis patient: a case report.

In recent years, immune checkpoint inhibitors have attracted attention in treatment for urothelial carcinoma. However, many clinical trials included only patients who had adequate renal function. The efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors for hemodialysis patients had not been well-documented. Herein, we report a case of a 73-years-old male with metastatic urothelial carcinoma. He was on maintenance hemodialysis, because he underwent total urinary tract resection for treatment of the urothelial carcinoma in his sixties. He was introduced to our hospital with metastases of lung and pubic bone, and was treated with chemotherapy including gemcitabine and paclitaxel. After two cycles, although his metastases decreased in size, he experienced severe anemia, diarrhea, and duodenitis. Therefore, he transitioned to maintenance therapy with avelumab earlier than initially planned. The treatment achieved 10 months disease control, without significant adverse events. To our best knowledge, this is the first case in which avelumab maintenance therapy achieved disease control of metastatic urothelial carcinoma in a hemodialysis patient.

Impact of prostatic shape on the difficulty of robot-assisted laparoscopic radical prostatectomy.

INTRODUCTION: To investigate the impact of prostatic shape observed on preoperative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) on the difficulty of robot-assisted laparoscopic radical prostatectomy (RALP). METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed the operative records of 211 patients who underwent RALP. We excluded patients who received neoadjuvant therapy. All surgeries in this study were performed by two surgeons. Each patient clinicopathological and surgical data were reviewed. Prostate sphericity was evaluated by measuring the roundness of the prostate at the largest axial slice by MRI. The console time was adopted as an objective indicator for assessing surgical difficulty. RESULTS: The mean prostate volume was 34 cc (range 14-88) and the mean prostate roundness was 0.55 (range 0.24-0.90). The mean console time was 194 min (range 95-296). To assess the relationship between prostate volume and console time, scatter plot analysis was performed. The prostate volume had a weak positive correlation with the console time (r = .165, p = .016). Similarly, scatter plot analysis between the prostate roundness and console time demonstrated a weak positive correlation (r = .167, p = .015). Next, we performed subgroup analysis of 56 patients with a large prostate volume (≥40 cc), and the positive correlation between the prostate volume and the console time disappeared (r = .142, p = .296). On the other hand, the prostate roundness was more strongly correlated with the console time (r = .439, p = .001). CONCLUSIONS: The spherical shape of the prostate is associated with the surgical difficulty of RALP, especially in patients with a large prostate volume.

Ureterosciatic Hernia Treated with Laparoscopic Intraperitonization of the Ureter.

Background: Ureterosciatic hernia (USH) is a rare benign disease. We report a case of USH treated with laparoscopic intraperitonization of the ureter. Case Presentation: A 70-year-old woman was admitted to our hospital with right abdominal pain lasting for 2 months. CT showed right hydronephrosis and invagination of the right ureter into the right sciatic foramen. She underwent retrograde ureterography, which revealed abnormal tortuosity of the right lower ureter, and was found to have USH. We performed laparoscopic intraperitonization of the ureter and she presented good postoperative course. Conclusion: Laparoscopic intraperitonization of the ureter can be a useful treatment for USH.

Brachytherapy seeds as a nidus for urethral stone formation: A case report.

INTRODUCTION: Iatrogenic foreign bodies can cause urolithiasis. However, iodine seeds used in brachytherapy are not a known cause of stone formation. We report a rare case of urethral stone formation with brachytherapy seeds determined to be the nidus, which occurred 9 years after permanent seed brachytherapy for prostate cancer. CASE PRESENTATION: An 87-year-old man with a history of prostate cancer treated with brachytherapy presented to our hospital with macroscopic hematuria. He underwent transurethral resection of the mucosa with erythema 4 years after brachytherapy. Cystoscopy revealed urethral stones on the bladder neck. Transurethral lithotripsy was performed and the nidus of stone formation was revealed to be an aggregate of iodine seeds. CONCLUSION: In the course of the long-term follow-up after brachytherapy for prostate cancer, the possibility of the formation of the urethral stone associated with iodine seeds should be considered when gross hematuria is observed.