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The complement system may play a role in the systemic inflammation characterising obstructive sleep apnea; however, this has not been investigated before. We aimed to study the involvement of effector complement elements in obstructive sleep apnea, namely C3a, C5a and SC5b-9. Venous blood was collected in 50 patients with obstructive sleep apnea and 26 control subjects in the evening and the following morning. Plasma complement proteins were analysed with ELISA. Complement factor levels were compared between the two groups and correlated with clinical variables. Plasma C3a concentration was elevated in obstructive sleep apnea both in the evening (84.1 [0-338.5]â ngâ ml-1 ) and in the morning (85.5 [0-247.8]â ngâ ml-1 ) compared with controls (30.3 [0-176.8]â ngâ ml-1 and 36.3 [0-167.1]â ngâ ml-1 , evening and morning, respectively, both pâ <â 0.05). On the contrary, C5a and SC5b-9 levels were comparable between patients and controls at each time point (pâ >â 0.05). There was no change in complement factors from evening to morning in either group (pâ >â 0.05), except for C5a that decreased from evening to morning in obstructive sleep apnea (from 11.6 [1.6-47.4]â ngâ ml-1 to 9.3 [0-46.4]â ngâ ml-1 , pâ =â 0.01). Elevated C3a levels were directly related to obstructive sleep apnea severity, and were significantly associated with male gender, weight, body mass index, hypertension, high C-reactive protein and low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (pâ <â 0.05). The complement system is activated in obstructive sleep apnea, which is correlated with disease severity. Our findings highlight the potential role of complement system in the pathophysiology of obstructive sleep apnea, thus facilitating further research.
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Índice de Massa Corporal , Complemento C3a/metabolismo , Apneia Obstrutiva do Sono/sangue , Apneia Obstrutiva do Sono/diagnóstico , Adulto , Idoso , Biomarcadores/sangue , Proteína C-Reativa/metabolismo , Complexo de Ataque à Membrana do Sistema Complemento/metabolismo , Proteínas do Sistema Complemento/metabolismo , Feminino , Humanos , Hipertensão/sangue , Hipertensão/diagnóstico , Hipertensão/fisiopatologia , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Apneia Obstrutiva do Sono/fisiopatologiaRESUMO
The complex arterial system makes pancreatic interventions technically challenging for surgeons, and interventional radiologists. The arterial variants may alter tumor resecability, and cause complications in arterial embolization. International data on pancreatic blood supply are variable; therefore, we aimed to determine the frequency of variants of pancreaticoduodenal (PD) arterial arcades. Arteries of human abdominal organ complexes (50) were injected with resin mixture, and then corroded. CT scans and three-dimensional reconstructions were made; diameters of arcades were measured. Two PD arcades were found in 58%, three arcades in 30%, one arcade in three cases, four arcade in one specimen, and five arcades in two cases. In the casts with two arches the average diameter was 1.472 ± 0.432 mm on the anterior and 1.383 ± 0.343 mm on the posterior arch. Assessing the dominance of the PD arcades, the anterior arch proved to be dominant in 52% of the cases, and in 35% the posterior one by the criterion of 25% cross-section difference. It is advised to analyze the variations and dominance on a CT/MR-angiography before local chemotherapy. Furthermore, to reveal the arterial variations, a preoperative CT/MR-angiography would provide faster recuperation and better postoperative life quality. Clin. Anat. 31:544-550, 2018. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Artérias/anatomia & histologia , Duodeno/irrigação sanguínea , Pâncreas/irrigação sanguínea , Molde por Corrosão , HumanosRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Lung diseases (resulting from air pollution) require a widely accessible method for risk estimation and early diagnosis to ensure proper and responsive treatment. Radiomics-based fractal dimension analysis of X-ray computed tomography attenuation patterns in chest voxels of mice exposed to different air polluting agents was performed to model early stages of disease and establish differential diagnosis. METHODS: To model different types of air pollution, BALBc/ByJ mouse groups were exposed to cigarette smoke combined with ozone, sulphur dioxide gas and a control group was established. Two weeks after exposure, the frequency distributions of image voxel attenuation data were evaluated. Specific cut-off ranges were defined to group voxels by attenuation. Cut-off ranges were binarized and their spatial pattern was associated with calculated fractal dimension, then abstracted by the fractal dimension -- cut-off range mathematical function. Nonparametric Kruskal-Wallis (KW) and Mann-Whitney post hoc (MWph) tests were used. RESULTS: Each cut-off range versus fractal dimension function plot was found to contain two distinctive Gaussian curves. The ratios of the Gaussian curve parameters are considerably significant and are statistically distinguishable within the three exposure groups. CONCLUSIONS: A new radiomics evaluation method was established based on analysis of the fractal dimension of chest X-ray computed tomography data segments. The specific attenuation patterns calculated utilizing our method may diagnose and monitor certain lung diseases, such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), asthma, tuberculosis or lung carcinomas.
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Poluentes Atmosféricos/efeitos adversos , Interpretação de Imagem Assistida por Computador/métodos , Pneumopatias/diagnóstico , Tomografia Computadorizada por Raios X/métodos , Animais , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Feminino , Fractais , Humanos , Pneumopatias/induzido quimicamente , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos BALB C , Distribuição NormalRESUMO
Doppler interrogation studies of the liver blood flow indicate altered hepatic vein waveforms in association with impaired hepatocellular function. However, little is known about the mechanisms responsible for variations of these parameters in the absence of disease. We aimed to investigate the contribution of heritable and environmental factors to the physiological variability of hepatic vein flow in a twin cohort. Two hundred twenty-eight healthy adult Hungarian twins (69 monozygotic, 45 same-sex dizygotic pairs) underwent Doppler sonography of the hepatic vein. Age- and sex-adjusted heritability of the highest velocity (amplitude of S wave) of hepatic vein flow was negligible. Shared environment contributed to 33% (95% CI, 16%-51%), and unshared environment was responsible for the largest portion (67%; 95% CI, 49%-84%) of the variance. Duration of sports activities was significantly (P < 0.05) related to the magnitude of hepatic vein flow, while other risk factors and lifestyle characteristics had no significant influence. The data suggest that genetic factors have little impact on the parameters of hepatic venous blood flow. The variability observed in healthy twins by the Doppler interrogation can be explained by the effect of unshared environmental components primarily related to regular physical activity. These findings underscore the importance of unique environments in physiological variations of hepatic venous blood flow.
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Veias Hepáticas/fisiologia , Adulto , Meio Ambiente , Exercício Físico , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Fluxo Sanguíneo Regional , Gêmeos Dizigóticos , Gêmeos MonozigóticosRESUMO
AIM: To determine the reasons for large standard deviation of bronchodilator response (BDR) and establish whether there is a potential heritable component in healthy subjects. METHODS: 67 monozygotic and 42 dizygotic adult twin pairs were assessed for bronchodilator response (% change in FEV1 after inhaling 400 µg salbutamol). Univariate quantitative genetic modeling was performed. RESULTS: Multiple regression modeling showed a significant association between BDR and sex and baseline FEV1 (P<0.05), while no association was found with smoking habits, body mass index, or age. Within pair correlation in monozygotic twins was modest (0.332), but higher than in dizygotic twins (0.258). Age-, sex-, and baseline FEV1-adjusted genetic effect accounted for 14.9% (95% confidence interval, CI 0%-53.1%) of the variance of BDR, shared environmental effect for 18.4% (95% CI 0%-46.8%), and unshared environmental effect for 66.8% (95% CI 46.8%-88.7%). CONCLUSION: Our twin study showed that individual differences in BDR can be mostly explained by unshared environmental effects. In addition, it is the first study to show low, insignificant hereditary influences, independently from sex, age, and baseline FEV1.
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Albuterol/administração & dosagem , Broncodilatadores/administração & dosagem , Volume Expiratório Forçado/genética , Interação Gene-Ambiente , Gêmeos Dizigóticos/genética , Gêmeos Monozigóticos/genética , Adulto , Índice de Massa Corporal , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-IdadeRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Whole-body magnetic resonance imaging (WB-MRI) and angiography (WB-MRA) has become increasingly popular in population-based research. We evaluated retrospectively the frequency of potentially relevant incidental findings throughout the body. MATERIALS AND METHODS: 22 highly health-conscious managers (18 men, mean age 47±9 years) underwent WB-MRI and WB-MRA between March 2012 and September 2013 on a Discovery MR750w wide bore 3 Tesla device (GE Healthcare) using T1 weighted, short tau inversion recovery (STIR) and diffusion weighted imaging (DWI) acquisitions according to a standardized protocol. RESULTS: A suspicious (pararectal) malignancy was detected in one patient which was confirmed by an endorectal sonography. Incidental findings were described in 20 subjects, including hydrocele (11 patients), benign bony lesion (7 patients) and non-specific lymph nodes (5 patients). Further investigations were recommended in 68% (ultrasound: 36%, computed tomography: 28%, mammography: 9%, additional MRI: 9%). WB-MRA were negative in 16 subjects. Vascular normal variations were reported in 23%, and a 40% left proximal common carotid artery stenosis were described in one subject. CONCLUSIONS: WB-MRI and MRA lead to the detection of clinically relevant diseases and unexpected findings in a cohort of healthy adults that require further imaging or surveillance in 68%. WB-MR imaging may play a paramount role in health screening, especially in the future generation of (epi)genetic based screening of malignant and atherosclerotic disorders. Our study is the first which involved a highly selected patient group using a high field 3-T wide bore magnet system with T1, STIR, MRA and whole-body DWI acquisitions as well.
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BACKGROUND: While heritability has been shown for daytime sleepiness, the heritability of daytime capillary oxygen saturation (SpO(2)) has not been described in detail. Our aim was to estimate the role of genes and environmental factors--both shared and unshared--in the variation of daytime SpO(2). METHODS: A total of 193 adult healthy twin pairs (138 monozygotic, 55 dizygotic) were recruited in Hungary and in the United States [age = 43.6 ± 15.6 years (mean ± SD)]. SpO(2) was measured by pulse oximetry. Univariate quantitative genetic modeling was performed to decompose the phenotypic variance of the considered parameter into heritability (A), shared (C), and unshared (E) environmental effects. RESULTS: SpO(2) twin correlation in monozygotic twins was stronger than in dizygotic twins (0.30 and -0.15, respectively, p < 0.05). Age-, sex-, country-, and body mass index-adjusted genetic effects accounted for 26 % (95 % CI 10, 45 %) of the variance of SpO(2), and the unshared environmental component explained the remaining 74 % (95 % CI 59, 89 %). No shared environmental influence on SpO(2) was detected. The heritability of SpO(2) was not different between smokers and nonsmokers. CONCLUSION: In summary, individual differences in daytime SpO(2) are explained by genetic and unshared environmental effects. The strong unshared environmental influence highlights the role of prevention of known environmental risk factors.
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Ritmo Circadiano/genética , Oxigênio/sangue , Gêmeos Dizigóticos/genética , Gêmeos Monozigóticos/genética , Adulto , Biomarcadores/sangue , Feminino , Interação Gene-Ambiente , Genótipo , Hereditariedade , Humanos , Hungria , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Oximetria , Fenótipo , Sistema de Registros , Fatores de Risco , Fatores de Tempo , Estados UnidosRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) may mimic renal cell carcinoma (RCC) when it develops in a similar location, therefore, differentiation with imaging techniques might be challenging. Preoperative differentiation may have a significant role indicating the type of surgical treatment (nephrectomy vs. ureteronephrectomy). PURPOSE: To retrospectively analyze the differences in the contrast enhancement of TCC and RCC. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Images of 20 RCC and 12 TCC (mean ages, 62.3 ± 14.1 and 67.4 ± 12.0 years, respectively) were analyzed from patients who underwent multiphase computed tomography (CT) examinations following 1.5 mL/kg non-ionic contrast agent administration. Unenhanced corticomedullary (30-45 s), nephrographic (70-90 s), and excretory (300-480 s) phases were imaged. The attenuation characteristics of RCC and TCC were compared to the attenuation of the normal renal cortex. RESULTS: Significant differences were found in the attenuation ratios between RCC or TCC in the corticomedullary (P = 0.040) and nephrographic (P = 0.004) phases using three regions of interest (ROIs) of 10 mm(2) size. If measuring ROIs comprising the complete tumor lesion instead of three small ROIs, no significant difference was observed in the attenuation ratios between RCC in TCC in any phases. CONCLUSION: Our study reports significant attenuation differences between RCC and TCC in the corticomedullary and nephrographic phases by multiphase CT. The findings underscore the importance of multiphase CT in the differentiation of these two different entities. Using multiple small (three) ROIs is more accurate than measuring the whole tumor attenuation.
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Carcinoma de Células Renais/diagnóstico por imagem , Carcinoma de Células de Transição/diagnóstico por imagem , Neoplasias Renais/diagnóstico por imagem , Idoso , Carcinoma de Células Renais/patologia , Carcinoma de Células Renais/cirurgia , Carcinoma de Células de Transição/patologia , Carcinoma de Células de Transição/cirurgia , Meios de Contraste , Feminino , Humanos , Iohexol/análogos & derivados , Neoplasias Renais/patologia , Neoplasias Renais/cirurgia , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Estudos Retrospectivos , Tomografia Computadorizada por Raios X/métodos , Ácidos Tri-IodobenzoicosRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Complex indeterminate Bosniak category III renal cystic masses are traditionally considered to be malignant in 50%. Our aim was to retrospectively evaluate the attenuation characteristics in multiphase computed tomography (CT) and to determinate the incidence of malignancy based on histological findings on all Bosniak category III renal cystic masses investigated in our department between April 3, 2007 and November 21, 2013. MATERIALS AND METHODS: QUADRIPHASIC MULTIDETECTOR CT IMAGES OF NINETEEN PATIENTS (MEAN AGE: 56.5 ± 16.5 years) with radiologically detected Bosniak category III lesions were reviewed retrospectively. All lesions were surgically removed, and the incidence of malignancy, based on pathological results was determined. RESULTS: Calcification was present in four lesions (21%). The mean largest diameter was 48.7 ± 28.8 mm. All lesions were multilobulated and septated. Of the 19 removed lesions, 16 (84%) were malignant, and 3 (16%) were benign (one inflammatory cyst including a nephrolith, one cystic nephroma and one atypical angiomyolipoma). CT and histological findings of 19 Bosniak III cysts were correlated. CONCLUSION: Our study demonstrated much higher prevalence of malignancy (84%) in radiologically detected Bosniak category III cysts than it has been described before. It may due to the era of modern multidetector CT technology and multiphase protocol.
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AIM: To estimate heritability and environmental effects on renal parenchymal thickness. METHODS: In this twin study, renal parenchymal thickness of 98 Hungarian healthy adult twin pairs (68 monozygotic, 30 dizygotic) without kidney disease was measured bilaterally using renal ultrasound with Esaote MyLab 70X ultrasound machine with low-frequency curved transducers (1-8 MHz). RESULTS: In both monozygotic and dizygotic group there were more women (76.5%). Mean right and left renal parenchymal thickness was 1.32±0.33 cm and 1.62±0.31 cm, respectively. Age- and sex-adjusted heritability of renal parenchymal thickness was 0.0% (95% confidence interval, 0.0 to 50.2%), shared and unshared environmental factor was 30.2% (4.1 to 55.9%) and 69.8% (45.8 to 89.5%), respectively. CONCLUSION: This study shows a negligible role of heritability and an important role of environmental effects in developing renal parenchymal thickness, emphasizing the importance of lifestyle for primary prevention.
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Interação Gene-Ambiente , Variação Genética , Córtex Renal/patologia , Nefropatias/genética , Nefropatias/patologia , Estilo de Vida , Doença Aguda , Adulto , Fatores Etários , Doença Crônica , Feminino , Predisposição Genética para Doença , Humanos , Hungria , Córtex Renal/diagnóstico por imagem , Nefropatias/diagnóstico por imagem , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Prevenção Primária , Fatores de Risco , Fatores Sexuais , Gêmeos Dizigóticos/genética , Gêmeos Monozigóticos/genética , UltrassonografiaRESUMO
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Few family studies reported moderate genetic impact on the presence and scores of carotid plaques. However, the heritability of carotid plaque characteristics remains still unclear. Twin studies more reliably estimate the relative contribution of genes to these traits in contrast to family study design. METHODS: One hundred ninety-two monozygotic and 83 dizygotic adult twin pairs (age 49±15 years) from Italy, Hungary, and the United States underwent B-mode and color Doppler ultrasound of bilateral common, internal, and external carotid arteries. RESULTS: Age-, sex-, and country-adjusted heritability was 78% for the presence of carotid plaque (95% CI, 55%-90%), 74% for plaque echogenicity (hypoechoic, hyperechoic, or mixed; 95% CI, 38%-87%), 69% for plaque size (area in mm2 in longitudinal plane;
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Estenose das Carótidas/diagnóstico por imagem , Estenose das Carótidas/genética , Ultrassonografia Doppler , Adulto , Meio Ambiente , Feminino , Humanos , Hungria , Internacionalidade , Itália , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Gêmeos Dizigóticos/genética , Gêmeos Monozigóticos/genética , Estados UnidosRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has been linked to increased cardiovascular morbidity. However, genetic factors have an unclear role in this condition. AIMS: To analyse heritability of NAFLD and its association with abnormal vascular parameters in a large twin cohort. METHODS: Anthropometric and lipid metabolic parameters were obtained from 208 adult Hungarian twins (63 monozygotic and 41 dizygotic pairs; 58 men and 150 women; age 43.7 ± 16.7 years). B-mode ultrasonography was performed to detect steatosis and categorize severity. Brachial and aortic augmentation indices and aortic pulse wave velocity were assessed using oscillometry (TensioMed Arteriograph). Carotid intima media thickness (IMT) was measured using ultrasonography on the proximal common, distal common and internal carotid arteries. RESULTS: NAFLD was identified in 47 subjects (22.6%), of which 44 (93.6%) had mild and 3 (6.4%) had moderate steatosis. These subjects were older (age: 50.9 ± 14.3 vs. 41.5 ± 16.7 years, P < 0.001) and had a higher body mass index (BMI; 30.1 ± 5.2 vs. 24.6 ± 4.1 km/m(2) , P < 0.001) than non-NAFLD twins. Based on 91 same-sex twin pairs, heritability analysis indicated no discernible role for genetic components in the presence of NAFLD (95% confidence interval, 0.0-36.0%), while shared and unshared environmental effects accounted for 74.2% and 25.8% of variations adjusted for age and BMI. Augmentation indices and carotid IMT in twins with NAFLD were increased at most examined locations (P < 0.05-P < 0.001). CONCLUSION: These findings do not support heritability of NAFLD, although it coexists with vascular parameters linked to increased cardiovascular risk, underscoring the importance and value of prevention in this very common disorder.
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Anormalidades Cardiovasculares/epidemiologia , Anormalidades Cardiovasculares/genética , Fígado Gorduroso/epidemiologia , Fígado Gorduroso/genética , Adulto , Idoso , Aorta/fisiologia , Velocidade do Fluxo Sanguíneo , Artéria Braquial/fisiologia , Anormalidades Cardiovasculares/diagnóstico por imagem , Espessura Intima-Media Carotídea , Estudos Transversais , Feminino , Humanos , Hungria/epidemiologia , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Morbidade , Hepatopatia Gordurosa não Alcoólica , Prevalência , Fluxo Pulsátil/fisiologia , Fatores de Risco , Túnica Íntima/fisiologia , Gêmeos Dizigóticos , Gêmeos Monozigóticos , Rigidez Vascular/genéticaRESUMO
INTRODUCTION: Zygosity differences in smoking exposure are unclear in twins. AIMS: To assess smoking and secondhand smoke exposure characteristics in twins. METHODS: 151 monozygotic and 62 dizygotic Hungarian and American adult twin pairs (age 43.8±16.5 years, mean±SD) participated in the study. RESULTS: Monozygotic twins started smoking 1.8 years earlier compared to dizygotic twins (p = 0.08). Dizygotic twins smoked longer (p<0.01) and suffered more parental smoke exposure during childhood (p<0.05). Monozygotic twins reported stricter smoking restrictions at home and workplaces (p<0.005) and less smoke exposure in indoor public places (p<0.01). 85.7% of monozygotic twins were ex or active smokers, while only 69.5% of the dizygotics (p<0.01). Lesser difference was observed in the self-reported smoke exposure rate in monozygotic compared to dizygotic pairs concerning restaurants and cafés (p<0.05) which was not present regarding bars, pubs and transportation facilities. CONCLUSIONS: Different psychological family orientation may be present across zygosity. Preventive parental care is warranted in twin families exposed to smoking.
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Doenças em Gêmeos/epidemiologia , Fumar/epidemiologia , Poluição por Fumaça de Tabaco/estatística & dados numéricos , Gêmeos Dizigóticos/estatística & dados numéricos , Gêmeos Monozigóticos/estatística & dados numéricos , Adulto , Idoso , Feminino , Humanos , Hungria/epidemiologia , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Fumar/efeitos adversos , Inquéritos e Questionários , Poluição por Fumaça de Tabaco/efeitos adversos , Estados Unidos/epidemiologiaRESUMO
In recent decades, multiple studies have examined the various manifestations of the hepatic blood supply using anatomical preparation and imaging procedures (angiography, CT). Based on these observations, several classifications have emerged to determine blood supply types and their incidence rates. Our aim is to present a rare variation of the arterial blood supply of the liver through an anatomical preparation. Postmortem native CT scans of the abdominal organs of the described cadaver were performed, followed by three-dimensional reconstruction. After imaging, the abdominal block was fixed with formalin, then the vessels were visualized by layered anatomical preparation. The liver is supplied not only from the bifurcated proper hepatic artery, but also receives accessory branches from the left gastric artery and the superior mesenteric artery. This variation represents the widely used Michels' classification type VII, found in 0.20.73% of the cases. Vascular variations are not only remarkable from an anatomical point of view, but their preoperative mapping also plays a significant role in performing surgical interventions without any complications.
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Transplante de Fígado , Ranunculaceae , Angiografia , Artéria Hepática/diagnóstico por imagem , Humanos , Fígado/irrigação sanguínea , Fígado/diagnóstico por imagem , Transplante de Fígado/métodosRESUMO
Introduction: An important phase in surgical training is gaining experience in real human anatomical situations. When a cadaver is available it may complement the various artificial practice models. However, it is often necessary to supplement the characteristics of the cadavers with a simulation of a tumor. Our objective was to develop an easy-to-create, realistic artificial tumor-mimic model for peripheral lung tumor resection practice. Methods: In our work we injected barium sulphate enriched silicone suspension into 10 isolated, non-fixed lungs of human cadavers, through the puncture of the visceral pleura. Four lesions-apical, hilar and two peripheral-were created in each of ten specimens. After fixation CT scans were obtained and analyzed. The implanted tumor-mimics were examined after anatomical preparation and slicing. Also performed CT-guided percutaneous puncture was also performed to create the lesions in situ in two lungs of human cadavers. Results: Analyzing the CT data of 10 isolated lungs, out of 40 lesions, 34 were nodular (85.0%) and in the nodular group five were spiculated (12.5%). Satellite lesions were formed in two cases (5.0%). Relevant outflow into vessels or airway occurred in five lesions (12.5%). Reaching the surface of the lung occured in 11 lesions (27.5%). The tumor-mimics were elastic and adhered well to the surrounding tissue. The two lesions, implanted via percutaneous puncture, both were nodular and one also showed lobulated features. Conclusion: Our artificial tumor-mimics were easy to create, varied in shape and size, and with percutaneous implantation the lesions provide a model for teaching every step of a surgical procedure.
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Neoplasias Pulmonares/patologia , Pulmão/patologia , Modelos Biológicos , Treinamento por Simulação/métodos , Procedimentos Cirúrgicos Operatórios/educação , Tomografia Computadorizada por Raios X/métodos , Cadáver , Humanos , Pulmão/diagnóstico por imagem , Pulmão/cirurgia , Neoplasias Pulmonares/diagnóstico por imagem , Neoplasias Pulmonares/cirurgiaRESUMO
Orosháza site no. 10 (Southeast Hungary) contains the partially excavated archaeological remains of an 11-13th century CE Muslim merchant village and its cemetery located in close proximity to Christian villages of the same era. The skeleton of a young woman (grave no. 16) from the last phase of the cemetery use was identified with rhinomaxillary lesions associated with lepromatous leprosy. The right parietal bone also exhibited signs of cranial trauma, possibly caused by symbolic trepanation, a well-known ritual practice in the 9-11th century CE Carpathian Basin. The retrospective diagnosis of the disease was supported by ancient DNA analysis, as the samples were positive for Mycobacterium leprae aDNA, shown to be of genotype 3. Contrary to the general practice of the era, the body of the young female with severe signs of leprosy was interred among the regular graves of the Muslim cemetery in Orosháza, which may reflect the unique cultural background of the community.
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Cemitérios/história , Islamismo/história , Hanseníase/história , Adulto , Osso e Ossos/microbiologia , Osso e Ossos/patologia , DNA Antigo/análise , DNA Bacteriano/análise , DNA Bacteriano/genética , Feminino , História Medieval , Humanos , Hungria , Hanseníase/microbiologia , Masculino , Mycobacterium leprae/genética , Paleopatologia , Adulto JovemRESUMO
Background: The aim of this study was to develop and characterize a nanoparticle-based image-contrast platform which is biocompatible, chemically stable, and accessible for radiolabeling with 201Tl. We explored whether this nanoparticle enhanced the T1 signal which might make it an MRI contrast agent as well. Methods: The physical properties of citrate-coated Prussian blue nanoparticles (PBNPs) (iron(II);iron(III);octadecacyanide) doped with 201Tl isotope were characterized with atomic force microscopy, dynamic light scattering, and zeta potential measurement. PBNP biodistribution was determined by using SPECT and MRI following intravenous administration into C57BL6 mice. Activity concentrations (MBq/cm3) were calculated from the SPECT scans for each dedicated volume of interest (VOI) of liver, kidneys, salivary glands, heart, lungs, and brain. Results: PBNP accumulation peaked at 2 hours after injection predominantly in the kidneys and the liver followed by a gradual decrease in activity in later time points. Conclusion: We synthetized, characterized, and radiolabeled a Prussian blue-based nanoparticle platform for contrast material applications. Its in vivo radiochemical stability and biodistribution open up the way for further diagnostic applications.
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Meios de Contraste/síntese química , Ferrocianetos , Nanopartículas/química , Compostos Radiofarmacêuticos/síntese química , Animais , Ácido Cítrico , Meios de Contraste/farmacocinética , Estabilidade de Medicamentos , Ferrocianetos/farmacocinética , Imageamento por Ressonância Magnética/métodos , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos C57BL , Compostos Radiofarmacêuticos/farmacocinética , Tálio , Distribuição Tecidual , Tomografia Computadorizada de Emissão de Fóton Único/métodosRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Configuration of the abdominal aorta is related to healthy aging and a variety of disorders. OBJECTIVES: We aimed to assess heritable and environmental effects on the abdominal aortic diameter. METHODS: 114 adult (69 monozygotic, 45 same-sex dizygotic) twin pairs (mean age 43.6 ± 16.3 years) underwent abdominal ultrasound with Esaote MyLab 70X ultrasound machine to visualize the abdominal aorta below the level of the origin of the renal arteries and 1-3 cm above the bifurcation. RESULTS: Age- and sex-adjusted heritability of the abdominal aortic diameter below the level of the origin of the renal arteries was 40% [95% confidence interval (CI), 14 to 67%] and 55% above the aortic bifurcation (95% CI, 45 to 70%). None of the aortic diameters showed common environmental effects, but unshared environmental effects were responsible for 60% and 45% of the traits, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Our analysis documents the moderate heritability and its segment-specific difference of the abdominal aortic diameter. The moderate part of variance was explained by unshared environmental components, emphasizing the importance of lifestyle factors in primary prevention. Further studies in this field may guide future gene-mapping efforts and investigate specific lifestyle factors to prevent abdominal aortic dilatation and its complications.
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Aorta Abdominal/anatomia & histologia , Interação Gene-Ambiente , Adulto , Aorta Abdominal/diagnóstico por imagem , Doenças da Aorta/genética , Aterosclerose/genética , Feminino , Predisposição Genética para Doença , Humanos , Estilo de Vida , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Tamanho do Órgão/genética , Valores de Referência , Fatores de Risco , Gêmeos Dizigóticos/genética , Gêmeos Monozigóticos/genética , UltrassonografiaRESUMO
OBJECTIVES: Decreased thyroid volume has been related to increased prevalence of thyroid cancer. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: One hundred and fourteen Hungarian adult twin pairs (69 monozygotic, 45 dizygotic) with or without known thyroid disorders underwent thyroid ultrasound. Thickness of the thyroid isthmus was measured at the thickest portion of the gland in the midline using electronic calipers at the time of scanning. Volume of the thyroid lobe was computed according to the following formula: thyroid height*width*depth*correction factor (0.63). RESULTS: Age-, sex-, body mass index- and smoking-adjusted heritability of the thickness of thyroid isthmus was 50% (95% confidence interval [CI], 35 to 66%). Neither left nor right thyroid volume showed additive genetic effects, but shared environments were 68% (95% CI, 48 to 80%) and 79% (95% CI, 72 to 87%), respectively. Magnitudes of monozygotic and dizygotic co-twin correlations were not substantially impacted by the correction of covariates of body mass index and smoking. Unshared environmental effects showed a moderate influence on dependent parameters (24-50%). CONCLUSIONS: Our analysis support that familial factors are important for thyroid measures in a general twin population. A larger sample size is needed to show whether this is because of common environmental (e.g. intrauterine effects, regional nutrition habits, iodine supply) or genetic effects.
Assuntos
Interação Gene-Ambiente , Glândula Tireoide/diagnóstico por imagem , Adulto , Estudos Transversais , Feminino , Predisposição Genética para Doença/epidemiologia , Humanos , Hungria/epidemiologia , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Tamanho do Órgão/genética , Prevalência , Medição de Risco , Glândula Tireoide/anatomia & histologia , Gêmeos Dizigóticos/genética , Gêmeos Monozigóticos/genética , UltrassonografiaRESUMO
3D imaging has become an essential tool in the field of biological anthropology, notably for human evolution purposes. High resolution virtual 3D reconstructions of original specimens contribute to their preservation and broaden the ability for research, teaching and exchanges. Paleopathology can get substantial benefit from these methods, among others for reconstructing infectious pathological processes on ancient bones. Tuberculosis is frequently diagnosed on ancient human remains; however, some osseous expressions are difficult to interpret using classical methods. We illustrate here the interest of 3D methods for reconstructing processes involved in pathological bone changes due to Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection. Four paleopathological specimens attributed to this infection, dating from different time periods and concerning diverse parts of the skeleton have been analyzed using a specific 3D digital chain we have previously developed. These 3D analyses allow to virtually reconstruct the initial location and aspect of the infectious process, its extension as well as its possible diffusion to the surrounding soft tissues. This possible virtual follow-up of the disease leads to the concept of processual paleopathology that we would like to introduce in the field. The 3D methodology can help to improve our knowledge of natural history and evolution of ancient human infections such as tuberculosis.