Incidence of young onset insulin-requiring diabetes mellitus among 18- to 30-year-olds in Dhaka, Bangladesh (1994-2003).

Little information is available regarding the epidemiology of young onset insulin-requiring diabetes mellitus (IRDM). We described the incidence of young onset IRDM and its trend in males and females of Dhaka, Bangladesh. Subsequently, factors related to possible sex difference were investigated. Young onset IRDM was defined as diabetic patients aged 18-30 years who required three months or more insulin treatment but presented no ketonuria. Between 1994 to 2003, 1804 cases were registered. Incidence rates were calculated with denominators based on the population census 2001. The overall annual incidence of young onset IRDM for the period 1994-2003 was 8.5 per 100,000 persons (95% CI: 7.2-7.9), and the corresponding value for females (10.9 per 100,000 persons, 95% CI: 9.2-12.1) was higher than that in males (6.7 per 100,000 persons, 95% CI 5.6-7.9). The incidence rate significantly increased in females during the investigated period, but not in males (p for sex interaction < 0.01). There was a significantly higher increment of female cases with a body mass index > or = 25.0 kg/m2 (overweight/obesity) (19 percentage point) compared to that of males (3 percentage point) between 1994-1998 and 1999-2003 (p for sex interaction < 0.01). The incidence of young onset IRDM is increasing in the Dhaka City population among females, which is attributed to the increase in overweight/obese female cases.

Microvascular complications and their associated risk factors in type 2 diabetes mellitus.

AIMS: The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of microvascular complications and to identify the various risk factors related to these complications in subjects with diabetes. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study was cross-sectional and conducted in Outdoor of BIRDEM, from July 2014 to December 2014. Subjects were considered at age 30 to 60 years and duration of diabetes was 2-10 years. Investigations included socio-demographic, anthropometry and blood pressure. Blood samples were collected for HbA1c, fasting plasma glucose (FBG), 2-h after breakfast (2-hBG), total cholesterol (chol), triglyceride (TG), LDL, HDL, Hb% and serum creatinine. All the complications were taken from the medical record books which was diagnosed by physician. RESULTS: A total of 400 type 2 diabetes mellitus patients were investigated in this study. The mean and SD of age was 50.05±7.54. The male and female subjects were 41.5% and 58.5% respectively. The prevalence of diabetic retinopathy, nephropathy, neuropathy was 12.3%, 21.3% and 16.8% respectively. Logistic regression model estimated that increasing age (age>50y; OR=3.04; p=<0.001), female participants (OR=1.35; p=<0.04), rural patients (OR=3.75; p=<0.001), housewife (OR=1.89; p=<0.01) and retired patients (2.50; p=<0.03), lack of physical exercise, increasing HbA1c (p=<0.001), FBG (p=<0.001), 2-hBG (<0.001) and blood pressure (p=0.000) had independent significant risk factors for any of three microvascular complications. CONCLUSION: This study observed that about all the microvascular complications were developed from first three years after registration at BIRDEM. Increasing age, HbA1c, FBG, 2-hBG and blood pressure had significant risk factors for any type of microvascular complications.