RESUMO
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is considered by many the pandemic of the 21st century and is associated with multiple organ damages. Among these, cardiovascular complications are responsible for an incredible burden of mortality and morbidity in Western Countries. The study of the pathological mechanisms responsible for the cardiovascular complications in DM patients is key for the development of new therapeutic strategies. The metabolic disorders caused by hyperglycemia, insulin resistance, and dyslipidemia, results in a cascade of pathomorphological changes favoring the atherosclerotic process and leading to myocardial remodeling. Parallel to this, oxidative stress, calcium overload, mitochondrial dysfunction, activation of protein kinase C signaling pathways, myocardial lipomatosis, and low-grade inflammation of the myocardium - are the main pathways responsible for the diabetic cardiomyopathy development. This review aims to appraise and discuss the pathogenetic mechanisms behind the diabetic cardiomyopathy development.
Assuntos
Diabetes Mellitus , Cardiomiopatias Diabéticas , Humanos , Cardiomiopatias Diabéticas/etiologia , Cardiomiopatias Diabéticas/terapia , Miocárdio/metabolismo , Estresse Oxidativo , Transdução de SinaisRESUMO
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an idiopathic, autoimmune connective tissue disorder that primarily affects the synovial joints, causing symmetric, erosive-deforming polyarthritis. It is also associated with extra-articular manifestations, particularly cardiovascular (CV) diseases (CVD). CV risk modification in RA remains unsolved despite recent advances in the management of RA. RA is an independent risk factor for atherosclerosis. RA and atherosclerosis share similar pathophysiological features (such as the pro-inflammatory cascade activation including interleukin-6) and risk factors (such as microflora dysbacteriosis and smoking). Patients with RA experience an exacerbation of atherogenesis, with atheromas destabilization, endothelial dysfunction, vasculitis, and hypercytokinemia. Consequently, the inflammatory response associated with RA is the basis for CVD development. The treat-to-target strategy not only improved RA control but also had a favorable effect on the morpho-functional state of the CV system in patients living with RA. Thus, disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs) - in particular methotrexate - may have a beneficial effect on the prevention of CV events in RA. It must be mentioned that RA is a serious multi-system disease, not only because of a window period during which the course of RA can be reversed, but also due to early damage to the heart and blood vessels. For this reason, a thorough cardiological assessment must be performed for all patients with RA, regardless of sex, age, disease stage, and disease activity score.
Assuntos
Antirreumáticos , Artrite Reumatoide , Aterosclerose , Doenças Cardiovasculares , Humanos , Metotrexato/efeitos adversos , Artrite Reumatoide/complicações , Artrite Reumatoide/tratamento farmacológico , Antirreumáticos/efeitos adversos , Fatores de Risco , Aterosclerose/etiologia , Aterosclerose/prevenção & controle , Doenças Cardiovasculares/epidemiologia , Doenças Cardiovasculares/etiologia , Doenças Cardiovasculares/prevenção & controleRESUMO
Over the years, advancements in the field of oncology have made remarkable strides in enhancing the efficacy of medical care for patients with cancer. These modernizations have resulted in prolonged survival and improved the quality of life for these patients. However, this progress has also been accompanied by escalation in mortality rates associated with anthracycline chemotherapy. Anthracyclines, which are known for their potent antitumor properties, are notorious for their substantial cardiotoxic potential. Remarkably, even after 6 decades of research, a conclusive solution to protect the cardiovascular system against doxorubicin-induced damage has not yet been established. A comprehensive understanding of the pathophysiological processes driving cardiotoxicity combined with targeted research is crucial for developing innovative cardioprotective strategies. This review seeks to explain the mechanisms responsible for structural and functional alterations in doxorubicin-induced cardiomyopathy.
RESUMO
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is the most common inherited disease, with a prevalence of 1:200 worldwide. The cause of HCM usually presents with an autosomal dominant mutation in the genes encoding one of more than 20 sarcomeric proteins, incomplete penetrance, and variable expressivity. HCM classically manifests as an unexplained thickness of the interventricular septum (IVS) and left ventricular (LV) walls, with or without the obstruction of the LV outflow tract (LVOT), and variable cardiac arrhythmias. Here, we present a rare case of mixed cardiomyopathy (cardiac hypertrophy and dilation) and erythrocytosis in a young patient. A 27-year-old man was admitted to the clinic due to biventricular heart failure (HF) NYHA class III. Personal medical records included a diagnosis of dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) since the age of 4 years and were, at the time, considered an outcome of myocarditis. Severe respiratory infection led to circulatory decompensation and acute femoral thrombosis. The combination of non-obstructive LV hypertrophy (LV walls up to 15 mm), LV dilatation, decreased contractility (LV EF 24%), and LV apical thrombosis were seen. Cardiac MRI showed a complex pattern of late gadolinium enhancement (LGE). Endomyocardial biopsy (EMB) revealed primary cardiomyopathy with intravascular coagulation and an inflammatory response. No viral genome was detected in the plasma or EMB samples. Whole exome sequencing (WES) revealed a homozygous in-frame deletion p.2711_2737del in the MyBPC3 gene. The clinically unaffected mother was a heterozygous carrier of this deletion, and the father was unavailable for clinical and genetic testing. Essential erythrocytosis remains unexplained. No significant improvement was achieved by conventional treatment, including prednisolone 40 mg therapy. ICD was implanted due to sustained VT and high risk of SCD. Orthotopic heart transplantation (HTx) was considered optimal. Early manifestation combined hypertrophic and dilated phenotype, and progression may reflect a complex genotype with more than one pathogenic allele and/or a combination of genetic diseases in one patient.
RESUMO
The photodynamic activity of dibiotinylated aluminum sulfophthalocyanine was studied in vitro and in vivo. Dibiotinylated aluminum sulfophthalocyanine provided enhanced phototoxic action on OAT-75 cell monolayers as compared with the parent drug. Photodynamic therapy of mice with Ehrlich carcinoma using dibiotinylated aluminum sulfophthalocyanine (0.25 mg/kg) resulted in enhanced inhibition of tumor growth, pronounced vascular damage (thrombosis and destruction of vascular walls) and eventual tumor necrosis.
Assuntos
Alumínio/farmacologia , Alumínio/efeitos da radiação , Biotina/análogos & derivados , Biotinilação , Indóis/síntese química , Indóis/farmacologia , Fármacos Fotossensibilizantes/farmacologia , Animais , Biotina/síntese química , Biotina/farmacologia , Carcinoma de Células Pequenas , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Sobrevivência Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Sobrevivência Celular/efeitos da radiação , Humanos , Luz , Neoplasias Pulmonares , Camundongos , Fotoquimioterapia , Fármacos Fotossensibilizantes/síntese químicaRESUMO
The goal of the present study was to analyze serum and tumor tissue of a patient with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) for the presence of autoantibodies against recoverin (anti-Rc) and recoverin expression, correspondingly. Using immunoblotting with recombinant recoverin as an antigen, we have detected anti-Rc in serum of the patient. At the same time, the patient did not manifest any signs of cancer-associated retinopathy (CAR). Polyclonal (monospecific) antibodies against recoverin used for immunohistochemical analysis of the patient's tumor revealed recoverin expression in the tumor sections. To our knowledge, this is the first case of the presence of serum anti-Rc in NSCLC patients in the absence of paraneoplastic retina degeneration.
Assuntos
Autoanticorpos/análise , Proteínas de Ligação ao Cálcio/imunologia , Carcinoma Pulmonar de Células não Pequenas/imunologia , Proteínas do Olho , Lipoproteínas , Neoplasias Pulmonares/imunologia , Proteínas do Tecido Nervoso , Idoso , Carcinoma Pulmonar de Células não Pequenas/patologia , Hipocalcina , Humanos , Imuno-Histoquímica , Neoplasias Pulmonares/patologia , Masculino , Síndromes Paraneoplásicas , Recoverina , Doenças Retinianas/etiologiaRESUMO
Using immunoblotting with recombinant recoverin as an antigen, we have examined 279 serum samples from individuals with small cell lung carcinoma (SCLC, 99 patients), non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC, 44 patients), and non-malignant pulmonary disorders (86 patients) as well as sera from 50 healthy donors. Autoantibodies against recoverin (anti-Rc) were detected in sera from 15 patients with SCLC (15% of cases) and from 9 patients with NSCLC (about 20% of cases). Only two anti-Rc positive cases were detected in patients with non-malignant pulmonary disorders, while no such cases were found in healthy individuals. Immunohistochemical investigation of paraffin sections of 44 SCLC and 40 NSCLC tumors revealed recoverin-positive reaction in 30 SCLC (68%) and 34 NSCLC (85%) sections. Despite the high specificity (98%), the low sensitivity (less than 20%) does not allow serum anti-Rc to be considered as a valuable marker of lung cancer. However, taking into account the high occurrence of aberrant expression of recoverin in lung tumors, this PNA could be considered as a potential target for immunotherapy of lung cancer.
Assuntos
Antígenos de Neoplasias/análise , Autoanticorpos/análise , Biomarcadores Tumorais/análise , Proteínas de Ligação ao Cálcio/análise , Carcinoma Pulmonar de Células não Pequenas/imunologia , Carcinoma de Células Pequenas/imunologia , Proteínas do Olho , Lipoproteínas , Pneumopatias/imunologia , Neoplasias Pulmonares/imunologia , Proteínas do Tecido Nervoso , Idoso , Feminino , Hipocalcina , Humanos , Immunoblotting , Imuno-Histoquímica , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Recoverina , Sensibilidade e EspecificidadeRESUMO
INTRODUCTION: The placental bed plays a key role in placentation during gestation. Most studies investigated the expression of angiogenic factors in the placenta, but their expression and potential role in the placental bed have not been investigated adequately. OBJECTIVES: The aim of the study was to examine the expression of the fact is that Apo-Cas is apoptotic marker and VEGF in placental bed of pregnancy with early, late-onset PE and without PE. METHODS: Placental bed biopsy tissues obtained during Cesarean Section from patients with early-onset (n=15), late-onset (n=15) and without (n=15) PE. The normotensive controls without PE were matched for gestational age at delivery with patients with PE. The expression of Apo-Cas and VEGF in placental bed tissues were evaluated using reverse transcriptase PCR, real-time PCR, immunohistochemistry and Western blot. RESULTS: There was no statistical difference between the PE group and normotensive control group in age and body mass index. The level of apoptotic marker Apo-Cas was higher in early-compared to late-onset of PE (5%±1.4, and 15%±2.7). The expression of VEGF was significantly decreased in both PE groups compare to control (p<0.05), but not statistically significant between groups with PE. We also revealed reduction of VEGF receptors in endometrial stroma and its absence in endothelial cells. CONCLUSION: This study showed the prevalence of apoptosis and decreased expression of VEGF in the placental bed of pregnancies complicated by PE compared with control. Further research will help to create the pathogenetic basis for early prediction, recognition and management of PE.