RESUMO
A high-flux sub-micrometre focusing system was constructed using multilayer focusing mirrors in Kirkpatrick-Baez geometry for 100â keV X-rays. The focusing mirror system had a wide bandwidth of 5% and a high peak reflectivity of 74%. Performance was evaluated at the undulator beamline BL05XU of SPring-8, which produced an intense 100â keV X-ray beam with a bandwidth of 1%. When the light source was focused directly in both vertical and horizontal directions, the beam size was measured to be 0.32â µm (V) × 5.3â µm (H) with a flux of 1 × 1012â photonsâ s-1. However, when a limited horizontal slit was used to form a secondary source, the focusing beam size decreased to 0.25â µm (V) × 0.26â µm (H) with a flux of 6 × 1010â photonsâ s-1. The 200â nm line and space patterns of a Siemens star chart made of tantalum were clearly resolved by the absorption contrast of the focused beam. This 100â keV focusing system is applicable to various fields of nondestructive analyses with sub-micrometre resolutions.
RESUMO
Understanding the pressure-induced structural changes in liquids and amorphous materials is fundamental in a wide range of scientific fields. However, experimental investigation of the structure of liquid and amorphous material under in situ high-pressure conditions is still limited due to the experimental difficulties. In particular, the range of the momentum transfer (Q) in the structure factor [S(Q)] measurement under high-pressure conditions has been limited at relatively low Q, which makes it difficult to conduct detailed structural analysis of liquid and amorphous material. Here, we show the in situ high-pressure pair distribution function measurement of liquid and glass by using the 100 keV pink beam. Structures of liquids and glasses are measured under in situ high-pressure conditions in the Paris-Edinburgh press by high-energy x-ray diffraction measurement using a double-slit collimation setup with a point detector. The experiment enables us to measure S(Q) of GeO2 and SiO2 glasses and liquid Ge at a wide range of Q up to 20-29 Å-1 under in situ high-pressure and high-temperature conditions, which is almost two times larger than that of the conventional high-pressure angle-dispersive x-ray diffraction measurement. The high-pressure experimental S(Q) precisely determined at a wide range of Q opens the way to investigate detailed structural features of liquids and amorphous materials under in situ high-pressure and high-temperature conditions, as well as ambient pressure study.