Simulation-based workshop for emergency preparedness in otolaryngology.

Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the outcomes of a hands-on simulation-based course with emphasis on procedural techniques, clinical reasoning, and communication skills developed to improve junior Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery (OHNS) residents' preparedness in managing otolaryngologic emergencies. Methods: Junior OHNS residents and faculty from residency programs in California, Nevada, and Arizona participated in this workshop in 2020 and 2021. The stations featured airway management techniques, ultrasound-guided needle aspiration, nasoseptal hematoma evacuation, and facial fracture repair using various models and cadavers. Participants completed a pre-workshop survey, post-workshop survey, and 2-month follow-up survey that assessed resident anxiety and confidence in three OHNS emergency situations across knowledge, manual skills, and teamwork using a 5-point Likert scale. Results: Pre-workshop surveys reported the least anxiety and most confidence in teamwork, but the most anxiety and least confidence in technical skills and knowledge related to foreign body retrieval and airway management. Immediately post-workshop participants reported significant reductions in anxiety and increases in confidence, largest in the manual skills domain, in foreign body retrieval (anxiety: -0.99, confidence: +0.95, p < .01) and airway management stations (anxiety: -0.68, confidence: +1.07, p < .01). Data collected for the epistaxis station showed decreasing confidence and increasing anxiety following the workshop. Conclusion: Our findings demonstrate the effectiveness of a workshop in preparing junior residents in potentially lifesaving otolaryngologic techniques that residents will encounter. Optimizing use of simulation centered training can inform the future of residency education, improving confidence and decreasing anxiety in residents responsible for the safety of patients. Level of Evidence: III.

Analysis of Hearing Preservation in Middle Cranial Fossa Resection of Vestibular Schwannoma.

OBJECTIVE: Describe the effect of preoperative hearing on the likelihood of hearing preservation after middle cranial fossa (MCF) approach for resection of vestibular schwannoma (VS) and the effect of hearing preservation on disease-specific quality of life (QOL). STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective chart review. SETTING: Academic tertiary care skull base surgery program. PATIENTS: Sixty three adult patients with preoperative word recognition score (WRS) ≥50% who underwent MCF resection of VS between 2017 and 2020. INTERVENTIONS: All patients underwent MCF VS resection with attempted hearing preservation. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Hearing preservation (postoperative WRS ≥50%), hearing-related Penn Acoustic Neuroma Quality of Life (PANQOL) score. RESULTS: Sixty three patients with mean age 47.4 (±9.6) years and tumor size 11.5 (±0.5) mm were analyzed. Hearing was preserved (+HP) and lost (-HP) in 37 (58.7%) and 26 (41.3%) patients, respectively. Preoperatively, pure tone average audiometry was significantly lower among the +HP group (20.0 dB) versus -HP (31.0 dB, p < 0.003). WRS was higher among +HP versus -HP (94% vs. 84%, respectively; p < 0.002). Linear regression showed that intra- versus extra-canalicular tumor location, sudden hearing loss history, fundal fluid cap thickness, and tumor size had no relationship to hearing preservation outcomes. When evaluating postoperative QOL data (n = 37) hearing-related PANQOL score differed between +HP and -HP (t35 = 2.458, p = 0.0191) groups. CONCLUSIONS: In this cohort of patients undergoing MCF resection of VS, rates of HP were higher for patients with excellent preoperative hearing. Postoperatively, +HP patients reported improved hearing-related PANQOL scores compared to -HP patients.

Large-scale phenotyping and characterization of age-related hearing loss in outbred CFW mice.

Age-related hearing loss (ARHL), or presbycusis, is one of the most prevalent conditions affecting the global population. A substantial fraction of patients with ARHL have no identifiable mutation despite over a hundred having been discovered, suggesting unidentified monogenic or polygenic causes. In this study, we investigated the hearing function of the aging outbred CFW mice through auditory brainstem response (ABR) thresholds. Through the characterization of 1,132 ABRs, we observed significant variation in both absolute thresholds and the effect of aging. We identify eight distinct patterns of hearing loss and were able to categorize nearly all data within these eight categories. Proportions within each category varied immensely between aging timepoints. We observe a small but consistent hearing deficit in female CFW mice. The resulting phenotypic data are a necessity for ARHL association mapping at a higher resolution than has previously been achieved and provides a new resource for studying ARHL.

Use of a Novel Clinical Decision-Making Tool in Vestibular Schwannoma Treatment.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the usefulness of a personalized tool and its effect on the decision-making process for those with vestibular schwannoma (VS). STUDY DESIGN: Prospective study. SETTING: Single institution, academic tertiary care lateral skull base surgery program. PATIENTS: Patients diagnosed with VS. INTERVENTIONS: A comprehensive clinical decision support (CDS) tool was constructed from a previously published retrospective patient-reported data obtained from members of the Acoustic Neuroma Association from January to March 2017. Demographic, tumor, and treatment modality data, including associated side effects, were collected for 775 patients and integrated in an interactive and personalized web-based tool. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Pre- and posttool questionnaires assessing the process of deciding treatment for VS using a decisional conflict scale (DCS) and satisfaction with decision (SWD) scale were compared. RESULTS: A pilot study of 33 patients evaluated at a single institution tertiary care center with mean ± SD age of 63.9 ± 13.5 years and with average tumor size of 7.11 ± 4.75 mm were surveyed. CDS implementation resulted in a mean ± SD total DCS score decrease from 43.6 ± 15.5 to 37.6 ± 16.4 ( p < 0.01) and total SWD score increase from 82.8 ± 16.1 to 86.2 ± 14.4 ( p = 0.04), indicating a significant decrease in decisional conflict and increase in satisfaction. CONCLUSIONS: Implementing a decision-making tool after diagnosis of VS reduced decisional conflict and improved satisfaction with decision. Patients considered the tool to be an aid to their medical knowledge, further improving their comfort and understanding of their treatment options. These findings provide a basis for developing predictive tools that will assist patients in making informed medical decisions in the future.