Relationship between position sense and reposition errors according to the degree of upper crossed syndrome.

[Purpose] The purpose of this study was to compare reposition errors in subjects with upper crossed syndrome to examine the effects of upper crossed syndrome on position senses. [Subjects and Methods] A sample population of 60 subjects was randomly divided into three groups of 20: a normal group, a mild group, a moderate group. A cervical range of motion device was attached to the head of each subject using straps and the reposition errors of cervical flexion, extension, right lateral flexion, left lateral flexion, right rotation and left rotation were measured. [Results] The normal group showed smaller reposition errors than the mild group and the mild group showed smaller reposition errors than the moderate group but none of the differences among the three groups was significant. [Conclusion] Reposition errors increased in the order of the normal, mild, moderate group but the differences were not significant. In addition, the degree of the subjects' postural misalignment was higher in the moderate than in the mild group. These results demonstrate that cervical spine position sense declines as postural misalignment becomes more severe.

The comparison of cervical repositioning errors according to smartphone addiction grades.

[Purpose] The purpose of this study was to compare cervical repositioning errors according to smartphone addiction grades of adults in their 20s. [Subjects and Methods] A survey of smartphone addiction was conducted of 200 adults. Based on the survey results, 30 subjects were chosen to participate in this study, and they were divided into three groups of 10; a Normal Group, a Moderate Addiction Group, and a Severe Addiction Group. After attaching a C-ROM, we measured the cervical repositioning errors of flexion, extension, right lateral flexion and left lateral flexion. [Results] Significant differences in the cervical repositioning errors of flexion, extension, and right and left lateral flexion were found among the Normal Group, Moderate Addiction Group, and Severe Addiction Group. In particular, the Severe Addiction Group showed the largest errors. [Conclusion] The result indicates that as smartphone addiction becomes more severe, a person is more likely to show impaired proprioception, as well as impaired ability to recognize the right posture. Thus, musculoskeletal problems due to smartphone addiction should be resolved through social cognition and intervention, and physical therapeutic education and intervention to educate people about correct postures.